cep report

ARDUINO BASED TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR DTH1

INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT

 University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila
Department of Electrical Engineering

INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT

CEP Report

Arduino Based Temperature and Humidity Sensor

DTH11with Interfacing LCD

Nashit 19-EE-187

Ahsan Ali 19-EE-77

M Junaid Raza 19-EE-117

Submitted to: Sir Laiq Ur Rehman

Department of Electrical Engineering (EED)

University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila.
Contents
1 Introduction:...........................................................................................................................4

2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 4

3 Literature Review................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 Background Study........................................................................................................... 5

3.2 DHT11..............................................................................................................................6

3.3 Measurement of Humidity and Temperature.................................................................6

3.4 DHT11 Setup on an Arduino............................................................................................7

3.5 Display Humidity and Temperature on the Serial Monitor and the LCD.........................7

4 Components required.............................................................................................................7

Description of components............................................................................................................7

4.1 DHT-11 Sensor.................................................................................................................7

4.2 Working of DHT-11..........................................................................................................8

5 Applications............................................................................................................................ 9

5.1 DHT11 Specifications.......................................................................................................9

5.2 Arduino UNO...................................................................................................................9

5.3 Liquid Crystal Display.....................................................................................................10

5.4 Jumper wires................................................................................................................. 10

5.5 Breadboard................................................................................................................... 11

6 Circuit diagram..................................................................................................................... 11

1. Code for the project............................................................................................................. 12

2. Methodology........................................................................................................................ 13

a) Software used................................................................................................................... 13
 b) Procedure......................................................................................................................... 13

c) Problems faced during the execution of the project.........................................................14

3. References............................................................................................................................15

7 Data sheet of DHT-11........................................................................................................... 15

Figures

Figure 1 DHT-11............................................................................................................................. 5

Figure 2 DTH-11 PINS.....................................................................................................................8

Figure 3: Liquid Crystal Display....................................................................................................10

Figure 4: Jumper wires.................................................................................................................10

Figure 5: Breadboard................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 6: Circuit Diagram- Interfacing DHT-11with Arduino........................................................11

Figure 7: Circuit Diagram- Interfacing LCD...................................................................................11

Figure 8: Project Circuit............................................................................................................... 12

Figure 9: Project...........................................................................................................................14
1 Introduction:

Humidity and temperature are common parameters to measure environmental conditions. In

this Arduino based project we are going to measure ambient temperature and humidity and
display it on a 16x2 LCD screen. A combined temperature and humidity sensor DHT11 is used
with Arduino uno to develop this Celsius scale thermometer and percentage scale humidity
measurement project

This project consists of three sections - one senses the humidity and temperature by using
humidity and temperature sensor DHT11. The second section reads the DHT sensor module’s
output and extracts temperature and humidity values into a suitable number in percentage and
Celsius scale. And the third part of the system displays humidity and temperature on LCD.

Temperature is one of the most important measuring variables that is used for monitoring and
control in many industries. Globalization and recent Temperature Control applications are more
necessary now than ever because of industrialization. Numerous homes and businesses
continue to operate in specific places, among others. It must be kept at a particular
temperature for the process to be successful. The benefit of using a temperature management
system over a standard thermostat is that it automatically maintains various temperatures
throughout the day and night, saving energy and money. we are getting the information from
different journals, conferences and articles relevant to the project.

2 Applications

Temperature and humidity sensors are among the most used in environmental sensors.
Humidity sensors are also sometimes referred to as hygrometers. These devices are used to
provide the actual humidity condition within the air at any given point or in any given place.

It can be used for measuring humidity and temperature values in heating, ventilation and air
conditioning systems. Weather stations also use these sensors to predict weather conditions.
The humidity sensor is used as a preventive measure in homes where people are affected by
 humidity. Offices, cars, museums, greenhouses and industries use this sensor for measuring
humidity values and as a safety measure.

3 Literature Review

3.1 Background Study

DHT11 is a low-cost digital sensor for sensing temperature and humidity. This sensor can be
easily interfaced with any micro-controller such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc… to measure
humidity and temperature instantaneously. DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor is
available as a sensor and as a module.

Introduction to DHT11

DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor features a temperature & humidity sensor
complex with a calibrated digital signal output. By using the exclusive digital-signal-acquisition
technique and temperature & humidity sensing technology, it ensures high reliability and
excellent long-term stability. This sensor includes a resistive-type humidity measurement
component and an NTC temperature measurement component, and connects to a high
performance 8-bit microcontroller, offering excellent quality, fast response, anti-interferenc
ability and cost-effectiveness

Figure 1 DHT-11
Each DHT11 element is strictly calibrated in the laboratory that is extremely accurate on
humidity calibration. The calibration coefficients are stored as programmes in the OTP memory,
which are used by the sensor’s internal signal detecting process. The single-wire serial interface
makes system integration quick and easy. Its small size, low power consumption and up-to-20
meter signal transmission making it the best choice for various applications, including those
most demanding ones. The component is 4-pin single row pin package. It is convenient to
connect and special packages can be provided according to users’ request.

3.2 DHT11

 Ultra low cost

 3 to 5V power and I/O
 2.5mA max current use during conversion (while requesting data)
 Good for 20-80% humidity readings with 5% accuracy
 Good for 0-50°C temperature readings ±2°C accuracy
 No more than 1 Hz sampling rate (once every second)
 Body size 15.5mm x 12mm x 5.5mm
 4 pins with 0.1" spacing

3.3 Measurement of Humidity and Temperature

The DHT11 detects water vapor by measuring the electrical resistance between two electrodes.
The humidity sensing component is a moisture holding substrate with electrodes applied to the
surface. When water vapor is absorbed by the substrate, ions are released by the substrate
which increases the conductivity between the electrodes. The change in resistance between
the two electrodes is proportional to the relative humidity. Higher relative humidity decreases
the resistance between the electrodes (more conductive), while lower relative humidity
increases the resistance between the electrodes. More information is available on the net.
3.4 DHT11 Setup on an Arduino

Wiring the DHT11 to the Arduino is really easy, but the connections are different depending on
which type you have.

3.5 Display Humidity and Temperature on the Serial Monitor and the LCD

Assuming that you have installed the DHTLib and the LiquidCrystal libraries, the following
program displays the temperature in C̊ on the serial monitor and the in F̊ on the LCD. In both
cases, the humidity is given in %.

4 Components required

Following components are required for this project

1. DHT 11 sensor
2. Arduino UNO
3. Battery 9V
4. LCD
5. I2C moduel
6. Breadboard
7. Jumper wires

Description of components

4.1 DHT-11 Sensor

The DHT11 is a commonly used Temperature and humidity sensor. The sensor comes with a
dedicated NTC to measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to output the values of
temperature and humidity as serial data. The sensor is also factory calibrated and hence easy to
interface with other microcontrollers.
Pin#1: VIN

It is an external power supply.

Pin#2: GND

It is a ground pin.

Pin#3: DATA

It’s a pin for data and signal

Figure: DTH -11
4.2 Working of DHT-11

DHT11 sensor consists of a capacitive humidity sensing element and a thermistor for sensing
temperature. The humidity sensing capacitor has two electrodes with a moisture holding
substrate as a dielectric between them. Change in the capacitance value occurs with the change
in humidity levels. The IC measure, process this changed resistance values and change them
into digital form.

For measuring temperature this sensor uses a Negative Temperature coefficient thermistor,
which causes a decrease in its resistance value with increase in temperature. To get larger
resistance value even for the smallest change in temperature, this sensor is usually made up of
semiconductor ceramics or polymers.

The temperature range of DHT11 is from 0 to 50 degree Celsius with a 2-degree accuracy.
Humidity range of this sensor is from 20 to 80% with 5% accuracy. The sampling rate of this
sensor is 1Hz .i.e. it gives one reading for every second. DHT11 is small in size with operating
voltage from 3 to 5 volts. The maximum current used while measuring is 2.5mA.

Figure 2 DTH-11 PINS

DHT11 sensor has four pins- VCC, GND, Data Pin and a not connected pin.
5 Applications

This sensor is used in various applications such as measuring humidity and temperature values
in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. Weather stations also use these sensors to
predict weather conditions. The humidity sensor is used as a preventive measure in homes
where people are affected by humidity. Offices, cars, museums, greenhouses and industries
use this sensor for measuring humidity values and as a safety measure.

5.1 DHT11 Specifications

 Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V

 Operating current: 0.3mA (measuring) 60uA (standby)
 Output: Serial data
 Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C
 Humidity Range: 20% to 90%
 Resolution: Temperature and Humidity both are 16-bit
 Accuracy: ±1°C and ±1%

5.2 Arduino UNO

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board

based on the microcontroller.

Some features of the Arduino UNO is:

1. LED: There is a built-in LED driven by digital pin 13.

When the pin is high value, the LED is on, when the pin
is low, it is off.
2. VIN: The input voltage to the Arduino board when it is Figure 7: Arduino UNO using

an external power source.

3. 5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board.
4. 3V3: A 3.3volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. The maximum current draw is
50 mA.
5. GND: Ground pins.
6. IOREF: This pin on the Arduino board provides the voltage reference with which the
microcontroller operates.
7. Reset: Typically used to add a reset button to shields that block the one on the board

5.3 Liquid Crystal Display

1. Compatible with Arduino/Genuino UNO, Leonardo,

Mega, 101 (Intel Curie), Micro, Nano, Mini
2. I2C Address:0x20-0x27(0x20 default)
3. Backlit (Blue with white char color)
4. Supply voltage: 5V
5. Interface: I2C
Figure 3: Liquid Crystal Display
6. Adjustable contrast
7. Size: 80x36x20mmz(3.1x1.4x0.7in)

5.4 Jumper wires

Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at

each end, allowing them to be used to connect two points
without soldering. Jumper wires are typically used with
breadboards and other prototyping tools to make it easy to
change a circuit as needed.

5.5 Breadboard
Figure 4: Jumper wires
A breadboard is a construction base for the prototyping of
electronics. Because the solderless breadboard does not

Figure 5: Breadboard
require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use for creating temporary prototypes and
experimenting with circuit design

6 Circuit diagram

The connection between the Arduino and the temperature sensor is shown in the schematics
below.

Figure 6: Circuit Diagram- Interfacing DHT-11with Arduino

The connections for interfacing LCD are shown below:

Figure 7: Circuit Diagram- Interfacing LCD

The Overall Circuit Diagram is as drawn

 Figure 8: Project Circuit
1. Code for the project

#include <DHT.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

DHT dht(2, DHT11);

int temp;
int humidity;
int dt=2000;

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

//ox27

void setup() {

// put your setup code here, to run once:

dht.begin();
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();

void loop() {
 // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

delay(dt);
temp= dht.readTemperature();
humidity = dht.readHumidity();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Temp: ");
lcd.print(temp);
lcd.print(" C");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Humidity: ");
lcd.print(humidity);
lcd.print(" %");

2. Methodology

a) Software used

Software used for the simulation of the project is

1. Fritzing
2. Arduino
b) Procedure

The DHT-11 sensor has I2C communication lines, so we can interface this sensor with Arduino
without any additional circuits.

1. Connect 5V of Arduino UNO with VIN of LCD and VCC of DHT.

2. The ground of DHT, LCD, and ARDUINO is made common.
3. SDA lines from LCD and the sensor are connected to A4.
4. SCL lines from LCD and the sensor are connected to A5.
5. The program is constantly reading temperature data from the DHT-11 and it will be
displayed on the LCD screen.

Actual Project Picture

 Figure 9: Project
c) Problems faced during the execution of the project

1. The module of MLX 90614 or DHT-11 not available in Proteus or any other simulation
software. Therefore, the schematic diagrams were made using the software Fritzing.
2. The basic problem faced during the execution of the project was the unavailability of the
MLX 90614. Due to the ongoing situation, the necessity and demand for IR thermometer
grew to record the non-contact temperature, and hence, the sensor MLX 90614 went short
in the market. Moreover, the price of the sensor also increased by nearly two folds. So we
used DHT-11 sensor instead
3. References

1. DHT-11 HOW TO SET UP THE DHT11 HUMIDITY SENSOR ON AN ARDUINO

https://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-set-up-the-dht11-humidity-sensor-on-an-arduino/

2. Interfacing DHT11 Humdity & Temperature Sensor with Arduino & LCD
https://how2electronics.com/interfacing-dht11-humdity-temperature-sensor-with-arduino/

3. Monitoring environmental parameters: humidity and temperature using Arduino based

microcontroller and sensors
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/142235/Dangi_Nagendra.pdf?sequ

4. TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY MONITORING & CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON ARDUINO AND
SIM900A GSM SHIELD
http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/1-423-151703294362-68.pdf

5. Costanzo, S., & Flores, A. (2020). A Non-Contact Integrated Body-Ambient Temperature

Sensors Platform to Contrast COVID-19. Electronics, 9(10), 1658.
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101658

7 Data sheet of DHT-11

The Data sheet of DHT-11 can be found here

https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/758/DHT11-Technical-Data-Sheet-Translated-Version-
1143054.pdf