Unit 2C Review: (Topics 2.11 – 2.

15) Log Equations and Semi-Log Plots Name:

Part I: NO CALCULATORS (Topic 2.11)

CUP

𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒇
1. The graph of the function 𝑓 is shown above. Which of the following statements about 𝑓 is correct?
(A) 𝑓 is increasing at an increasing rate.
(B) 𝑓 is increasing at a decreasing rate.
(C) 𝑓 is decreasing at an increasing rate.
(D) 𝑓 is decreasing at a decreasing rate.

COUP
𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒈
2. The graph of the function 𝑔 is shown above. Which of the following statements about 𝑔 is correct?
(A) The function 𝑔 is increasing and the graph of 𝑔 is concave up.
(B) The function 𝑔 is increasing and the graph of 𝑔 is concave down.
(C) The function 𝑔 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑔 is concave up.
(D) The function 𝑔 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑔 is concave down.

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3. The logarithmic function ℎ is defined by ℎ(𝑥) = −2 ln 𝑥. Which of the following statements about ℎ is correct?
(A) The function ℎ is increasing and the graph of ℎ is concave up.
(B) The function ℎ is increasing and the graph of ℎ is concave down.
negative

a
(C) The function ℎ is decreasing and the graph of ℎ is concave up.
(D) The function ℎ is decreasing and the graph of ℎ is concave down.
 COUP
𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒌
4. The graph of the function 𝑘 is shown above. Which of the following statements about 𝑘 is correct?
(A) The rate of change of 𝑘 is positive and increasing.
(B) The rate of change of 𝑘 is positive and decreasing.
(C) The rate of change of 𝑘 is negative and increasing.
(D) The rate of change of 𝑘 is negative and decreasing.

exp growth log growth

𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒇
5. The graph of 𝑓 is shown above. Which of the following could be the equation for 𝑓?
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 ln 𝑥
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) = −3 ln 𝑥
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑒
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) = −3𝑒

6. The logarithmic function 𝑙 is defined by 𝑙(𝑥) = −3 log 𝑥. Which of the following pairs of statements correctly
describes the end behavior of 𝑙?
(A) lim 𝑙(𝑥) = −∞ and lim 𝑙(𝑥) = ∞
→ →

(B) lim 𝑙(𝑥) = ∞ and lim 𝑙(𝑥) = −∞

→ →

(C) lim 𝑙(𝑥) = 0 and lim 𝑙(𝑥) = ∞

→ →

(D) lim 𝑙(𝑥) = −∞ and lim 𝑙(𝑥) = 0

→ →
 73
7. Let ℎ(𝑥) = 2 ln(𝑥 − 3) − 5. Which of the following gives the domain of the function ℎ?
(A) (0, ∞) (B) (−3, ∞) (C) (3, ∞) (D) (−5, ∞) (E) (5, ∞)

down
𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒇
8. The graph of 𝑓 is shown above. Which of the following statements about 𝑓 is correct?
(A) The function 𝑓 is increasing and the rate of change of 𝑓 is positive.
(B) The function 𝑓 is increasing and the rate of change of 𝑓 is negative.
(C) The function 𝑓 is decreasing and the rate of change of 𝑓 is increasing.
(D) The function 𝑓 is decreasing and the rate of change of 𝑓 is decreasing.

9. The logarithmic function 𝑘 is defined by 𝑝(𝑥) = log 𝑥. Which of the following statements about 𝑝 is correct?

(A) The function 𝑝 is increasing and the graph of 𝑝 is concave up.

(B) The function 𝑝 is increasing and the graph of 𝑝 is concave down.

Flown
(C) The function 𝑝 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑝 is concave up.
(D) The function 𝑝 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑝 is concave down.

𝑥 𝑘(𝑥)

3C 2
6
7
5 7 2
36
33
18 3
31 54 1
10. Values of the function 𝑘 are shown in the table above at selected values of 𝑥. Determine if the function 𝑘 could be
linear, exponential, or logarithmic. Explain your reasoning.

Logarithmic because over

equal length
output value intervals the inputs change
 1 PV o ately
11. The function 𝑔 is defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 6 log 𝑥. Which of the following statements about 𝑔 is correct?
(A) The function 𝑔 is increasing and the graph of 𝑔 is concave up.
(B) The function 𝑔 is increasing and the graph of 𝑔 is concave down.

TF
(C) The function 𝑔 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑔 is concave up.
(D) The function 𝑔 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑔 is concave down.

decay
12. The function ℎ is defined by ℎ(𝑥) = 7 . Which of the following statements about ℎ is correct?

(A) The function ℎ is increasing and the graph of ℎ is concave up.

(B) The function ℎ is increasing and the graph of ℎ is concave down.
(C) The function ℎ is decreasing and the graph of ℎ is concave up.
(D) The function ℎ is decreasing and the graph of ℎ is concave down.

growth
13. The logarithmic function 𝑘 is defined by 𝑘(𝑥) = 2 . Which of the following statements about 𝑘 is correct?

(A) The function 𝑘 is increasing and the graph of 𝑘 is concave up.

(B) The function 𝑘 is increasing and the graph of 𝑘 is concave down.
(C) The function 𝑘 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑘 is concave up.
(D) The function 𝑘 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑘 is concave down.

14. The logarithmic function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = −5 ln 𝑥. Which of the following statements about 𝑓 is correct?
(A) 𝑓 is increasing at an increasing rate.
(B) 𝑓 is increasing at a decreasing rate.

1
(C) 𝑓 is decreasing at an increasing rate.
(D) 𝑓 is decreasing at a decreasing rate.

Part II: NO CALCULATORS (Topic 2.12)

 3y4 
15. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to log 5  2 
, where y and z are positive constants?
 z 
(A) log5 3  log5  4 y   log5  2 z 
(B) 3  4 log 5 y  2 log 5 z
(C) log 5 3  4 log 5 y  2 log 5 z logs 3 410959 210952
log 5 3  log 5 y 4
(D)
log 5 z 2
 on
√
16. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to 𝑙𝑛 , where x is a positive constant?
(A) 𝑙𝑛 7 + 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 2
(B) 𝑙𝑛 7 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 2
(C) 𝑙𝑛 7 + 2 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 In 7 Jinx 21Mt
(D) 𝑙𝑛 7 − 2 𝑙𝑛 𝑥
211
In 7 Jinx
17. Which of the following is equivalent to 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 − 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 25, where x and y are positive constants?
(A) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (B) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (C) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (D) 𝑙𝑜𝑔

Part III: NO CALCULATORS (Topic 2.13)

1099112
Directions: Solve the following equations. Show all work and be sure to check for extraneous solutions.

1 1 D
T.fm's
Ef
18. log (2𝑥 + 7) = log (4𝑥 + 2) 19. 4 log (2) = log (5𝑥 + 4)

2 7 4 72 514
24 5
x

20.log (𝑥 − 2) − log (𝑥 − 1) = log (𝑥 − 4) − log (𝑥 − 7) 21. ln  x  2   ln  x  1  ln  3x  13

D X 470 D 33
09 0
1 4901 in x
2
X 2 1 3 13
2 15 0
E
2
9 14 25 4 Énosolutionl x 5 1 3 0
x
22. log 2  4 x   log 2  x  2   3 23. log 𝑥 + 2 = log (3𝑥 + 8)

W XD v13
3
og 12 1095 109513 81

23 4

8 4
2
181
4
1095

52
5
5
8

8
27 4
EZE
 24. The functions f and g are given by
1
f  x   log10  x  3 D 3
2
g  x   3ln  x  2  . D 7 2
(A) Solve f  x   1 for values of x in the domain of f .

1 x 3 2 x 3
log 109,0

8
(B) Solve g  x   8 for values of x in the domain of g .
102 x 3 i
1036
4
3in 1 2 in 1 2 2813 2

24
4 0813
25. The functions j and k are given by
1
j  x   ln x  4ln y
3
k  x   3log10  x  2   log10 x  log10 5.
(A) Rewrite j  x  as a single natural logarithm without negative exponents in any part of the expression. Your result
should be of the form ln  expression  .

in.EE
(B) Rewrite k  x  as a single logarithm base 10 without negative exponents in any part of the expression. Your result
should be of the form log10  expression  .

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11 sexpone
26. The function k is given by k  x   2e3 x  e. Solve k  x   7e for values of x in the domain of k. b
203
e e He e3x 4 1 37
seize in 4 e
3
1
Inx in thee domain of k. x
1C
( )
27. The function k is given by 𝑘(𝑥) = Solve 𝑘(𝑥) = 𝑒 for values of

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ye sxs7
28. What are all values of x for which 82 x1 
1
4
?
5 715
x
1
2312 6 5
3 5
6 2 X
 In questions 29 – 32, solve for x.

1
29. 3 =9 30. = (16)
4

I
31. 4(2) + 7 = 15 32. 4
i ii
e
= 15

2 2 1094 15
146

Part IV: Calculators Required (Topic 2.14)

33. Starting in 2018, a biologist studied the population of large mouth bass in a particular lake over several years. In
2019  t  1 , there were 430 large mouth bass in the lake. In 2023  t  5 , there were 715 large mouth bass in the lake.
The number of large mouth bass in the lake can be modeled by the function L given by L  t   a  b ln t , where L  t  is
the number of large mouth bass in the lake during year t , and t is the number of years since 2018.

(A) (i) Use the given data to write two equations that can be used to find the values for constants a and b in the
expression for L  t  .

430 atbin i
715 atb.in 5
(ii) Find the values of a and b .
5
430 atbin 0715 430tbln
285 bin 5
(B)
i 9
434 b msM
28
(i) Use the given data to find the average rate of change of the number of large mouth bass in the lake, in fish per
year, from t  1 to t  5 years. Express your answer as a decimal approximation. Show the computations that
lead to your answer.

u.ro.c
430_284 71.250
(ii) Interpret the meaning of your answer from (i) in the context of the problem.

Each between 2019 2023 the number

year 71 2
of (iii)large mouth bass in this lake increases by
Consider the average rates of change of L from t  5 to t  p years, where p  5 . Are these average rates of
change less than or greater than the average rate of change form t  1 to t  5 years found in (i)? Explain your
reasoning.
Less because the function is
concave down the rate of
change is
 g
Income
2 7 10 15 18 20 25 30 40 47 52
(in 1000 s of $)
Life Expectancy
61.35 69.53 71.84 74.5 75.70 76.39 77.85 79.04 80.92 81.97 82.63
(in years)

34. The table above gives selected values of the life expectancy (in years) and income (in $1000s per year) for individuals
around the world.

(a) The data in the table can be modeled by the function L  x   a  b ln  x  , where x is the individual income (in
$1000s per year) and L is the predicted life expectancy (in years). Find the equation of L  x  using the regression
features of your graphing calculator.

y 56.8135 6.533814 4
(b) In 2009, the United States had a per person income of $41,256.10 and a life-expectancy of 79.43 years. What is the
residual of this data using the model found in part (a)?
V41 41,25610

Fp 79.43 81 1181
1.688T
(c) A given country has an average income of $43,500. According to the model found in (a), what is the average life
expectancy of an individual from this country?

4 43 5
46416
81

35. As part of a training program, Staci began working out in an attempt to lower the amount of time it took her to run
one mile. Initially  t  0  , it took Staci 570 seconds to run one mile. At the end of each week during the training
program, Staci would run one mile and record her time. After 4 weeks  t  4  , Staci’s time to run one mile was 465
seconds.

Staci’s time to run one mile can be modeled by the function M given by M  t   a  b ln  t  1 , where M  t  is Staci’s
time, in seconds, for week t , and t is the number of weeks since her initial run.

(A) (i) Use the given data to write two equations that can be used to find the values for constants a and b in the
expression for M  t  .

atbin i 465 atbin 5

570
(ii) Find the values of a and b .
0 465 570 5 nls
570 atb
105 bin 5
a
5I b 105
1n5
Part V: Calculators Allowed (Topic 2.15)

A
E

B D

36. Plot the following points on the same coordinate plane above.
𝐀(0, 30) 𝐁(1, 2) 𝐂(2, 400) 𝐃(3, 1.5) 𝐄(4, 11)

aorta
B D
count

13
court A E
10
37. The grid above is a semi-log plot with the vertical axis logarithmically scaled. Plot the following points on the same
coordinate plane above.
𝐀(0, 2) 𝐁(10, 18) 𝐂(20, 6) 𝐃(30, 12) 𝐄(40, 1.5)
 plugin
values

38. function f is graphed on the semi-log plot above where the vertical axis has been logarithmically scaled. Which of
the following functions could be a model for f ?

o
(A) f  x   2  ex (B) f  x   2  e x (C) f  x   2e x (D) f  x   2e x

appears
exponential
not exponentia
b c
exponential
Functions
appear linear
39. A set of data is shown on the semi-log plot above. If an exponential regression is used to model the data, which of the
following claim and explanation statements best fit these data?
(A) The residual plot will show a clear pattern, because the exponential model was appropriate. on
(B) The residual plot will show no clear pattern, because the exponential model was appropriate.
(C) The residual plot will show a clear pattern, because the exponential model was not appropriate.
semi
109
plots
(D) The residual plot will show no clear pattern, because the exponential model was not appropriate.