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The document discusses the construction of frequency tables, emphasizing the importance of mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive classes. It explains how to convert class frequencies to relative frequencies and presents a case study involving customer preferences for different beverages. Additionally, it highlights the use of histograms for visualizing continuous data, particularly in relation to profit analysis.

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Fawzul Azim Rafid
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5 views

stat 2nd cp

The document discusses the construction of frequency tables, emphasizing the importance of mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive classes. It explains how to convert class frequencies to relative frequencies and presents a case study involving customer preferences for different beverages. Additionally, it highlights the use of histograms for visualizing continuous data, particularly in relation to profit analysis.

Uploaded by

Fawzul Azim Rafid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Constructing Frequency Tables

Mutually exclusive classes means that a particular vehicle can be


assigned to only one class.

In addition, the frequency table must be collectively exhaustive. That is,


every vehicle sold last month is accounted for in the table. If every vehicle
is included in the frequency table, the table will be collectively exhaustive,
and the total number of vehicles will be 180.
You can convert class frequencies to relative class frequencies to show the fraction of the total number of
observations in each class. A relative frequency captures the relationship between a class frequency and
the total number of observations. In the vehicle sales example, we may want to know the percentage of
total cars sold at each of the four locations. To convert a frequency table to a relative frequency table, each
of the class frequencies is divided by the total number of observations.

Relative Class Frequencies


Graphic Presentation of Qualitative Data
DeCenzo Specialty Food and Beverage Company has been serving a cola drink with an additional flavoring,
Cola-Plus, that is very popular among its customers. The company is interested in customer preferences for
Cola-Plus versus Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and a lemon-lime beverage. They ask 100 randomly sampled customers
to take a taste test and select the beverage they prefer most. The results are shown in the following table:
It is possible to search the list and find the smallest or minimum profit ($294) and the largest or maximum
profit ($3,292), but that is about all. It is difficult to determine a typical profit or to visualize where the profits
tend to cluster. The raw data are more easily interpreted if we summarize the data with a frequency
distribution. The steps to create this frequency distribution follow.
Histogram
Note that there is no space between the
bars. This is a feature of the histogram. Why
is this so? Because the variable profit,
plotted on the horizontal axis, is a
continuous variable. In a bar chart, the scale
of measurement is usually nominal and the
vertical bars are separated. This is an
important distinction between the histogram
and the bar chart.
The End!

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