1

1 The names of the elements of Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.

lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon

Identify the element which has the highest rate of diffusion at room temperature.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

2 A substance boils at temperature X and melts at temperature Y.

Complete the graph to show the change in temperature over time as the substance cools from
temperature A to temperature B.

temperature

time
[2]

[Total: 2]

3 Zinc is manufactured from zinc blende. Zinc blende is an ore which consists mainly of zinc sulfide,
ZnS.

(a) Zinc blende is roasted in air. One of the products is zinc oxide.

Name the other product formed in this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Zinc oxide is then converted into zinc.

Zinc oxide and coke, a source of carbon, are heated in a furnace. Hot air is blown into the
furnace.
 2

(i) Give two reasons why coke is needed.

1 ............................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the formation of zinc in the furnace.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Zinc has a melting point of 420 °C and a boiling point of 907 °C. The temperature inside
the furnace is 1200 °C.

Explain how this information shows that the zinc produced inside the furnace is a gas.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) The gaseous zinc is converted to molten zin.

Name this change of state.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 6]

4 Z is a covalent substance. In an experiment, a sample of pure solid Z was continually heated for
11 minutes.

The graph shows how the temperature of the sample of pure Z changed during the first 9 minutes.
 3

240

220

200

180

160

140
temperature
/ °C 120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
time / minutes

(a) What is the melting point of pure Z?

........................... °C [1]

(b) The sample of pure Z began to boil at 9 minutes. It was boiled for 2 minutes.

Use this information to sketch on the grid how the temperature of the sample of pure Z changed
between 9 minutes and 11 minutes. [1]

(c) The sample of pure Z was continually heated between 2 minutes and 5 minutes.

Explain, in terms of attractive forces, why there was no increase in the temperature of the
sample of pure Z between 2 minutes and 5 minutes.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
 4

(d) Describe how the motion of particles of pure Z changed from 0 minutes to 2 minutes.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

5 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical conductivities of six substances
D, E, F, G, H and I.

melting point boiling point electrical conductivity electrical conductivity

D 1610 2230 non-conductor non-conductor

E 801 1413 non-conductor good conductor

F −119 43 non-conductor non-conductor

G 1535 2750 good conductor good conductor

H 114 184 non-conductor non-conductor

I −210 −196 non-conductor non-conductor

Choose substances from the table which match the following descriptions. Each substance may
be used once, more than once or not at all.

(a) Which substance is a liquid at 25 °C

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Which substance is a gas at 25 °C?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Which three substances contain simple molecules?

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(d) Which substance could be a metal? Give a reason for your answer.

substance .........................................................................................................................

reason ...............................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
 5

(e) Which substance has a macromolecular structure? Give two reasons for your answer.

substance .........................................................................................................................

reason 1 ............................................................................................................................

reason 2 ............................................................................................................................ [3]

(f) Which substance is an ionic solid? Give one reason for your answer.

substance .........................................................................................................................

reason ...............................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 12]

6 The structures of five alkenes, A, B, C, D and E, are shown.

A B C
H H H CH3 H CH2CH3

C C C C C C

H H H H H H

D E
H CH2CH2CH3 H CH2CH2CH2CH3

C C C C

H H H H

(a) What is the general formula of alkenes?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) What is the molecular formula of alkene D?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Predict which alkene, A, B, C, D or E, has the highest boiling point.

alkene ...........................

explanation .......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
 6

(d) Which alkene, A, B, C, D or E, diffuses most quickly?

alkene ...........................

explanation .......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

7 Limonene is a volatile substance which smells of oranges.

The melting point of limonene is –74 °C.

The boiling point of limonene is 176 °C.

What is the physical state of limonene at – 80 °C?

Explain your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

8 Limonene is a volatile liquid which smells of oranges.

A teacher placed a beaker of limonene at the front of a classroom.

At first, the students at the back of the classroom could not smell the limonene.

After two minutes, the smell of limonene had spread throughout the classroom.

The air in the classroom was still and calm.

Explain these observations using the kinetic particle model.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
 7

9 Carbon and silicon are elements in Group IV of the Periodic Table.

(a) Name the process by which carbon dioxide molecules move through the air into green plants.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain why silicon(IV) oxide cannot move through the air in the same way that carbon dioxide
can.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Name the process by which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose, C6H12O6, in green plants.
Give two conditions required for this process to occur.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction which occurs.

name of process ...............................................................................................................

condition 1 ........................................................................................................................

condition 2 ........................................................................................................................

chemical equation ............................................................................................................. [5]

[Total: 7]

10 When smoke is viewed through a microscope, the smoke particles in the air appear to jump around.

(a) What term describes this movement of the smoke particles?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain why the smoke particles move in this way.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

11 Different gases diffuse at different speeds.

What property of a gas molecule affects the speed at which it diffuses?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

12 When chlorine gas, Cl2, is put into a gas jar, it spreads out to fill the gas jar.

When bromine gas, Br2, is put into a gas jar, it also spreads out to fill the gas jar.
 8

The process takes longer for bromine gas than for chlorine gas.

gas jar

gas

start later

(a) What term describes the way that the gas particles spread out?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Use data from the Periodic Table to explain why bromine gas takes longer to fill a gas jar than
chlorine gas.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Explain why increasing the temperature increases the rate at which the gas particles spread
out.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

13 Dust particles in the air move around in a random way.

(a) What term describes the random movement of the dust particles?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Identify the particles in the air which cause the random movement of the dust particles.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Explain why the dust particles move in this way.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]