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Atoms, elements and


compounds
Question Paper 6

Level IGCSE
Subject Chemistry
ExamBoard CIE
Topic Atoms,Elements and Compounds
Sub-Topic
Paper (Extended) Theory
Booklet Question Paper 6

TimeAllowed: 60 minutes

Score: / 50

Percentage: /100
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1 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical properties of fivesubstances,
A to E.

electrical electrical
melting point boiling point
substance conductivity conductivity
/ °C / °C
of solid of liquid

A –7 59 poor poor
B 1083 2567 good good
C 755 1387 poor good
D 43 181 poor poor
E 1607 2227 poor poor

Choose a substance from the table above to match each of the following descriptions. A
substance may be used once, more than once or not at all. Justify each choice with evidence
from the table.

One has been completed as an example.

D
This substance is covalent and is a solid at room temperature (25 °C). ..................
Its melting point is above room temperature. It has a low melting point and...............
evidence ..................................................................................................................... it does

not conduct as a liquid, so it is covalent.


....................................................................................................................................................

(a) This substance has a giant covalent structure. ..................

evidence ....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) This substance is a metal. ..................

evidence ....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) This substance is a liquid at room temperature (25 °C). ..................

evidence ....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(d) This substance is an ionic solid. ..................

evidence ....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 11]
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2 Use your copy of the Periodic Table to help you answer these questions.

(a) Predict the formula of each of the following compounds.

(i) aluminium fl
uoride ........................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) arsenic
oxide ................................................................................................................
[1]
(iii) silicon
bromide ..............................................................................................................
[1]

(b) Deduce the formula of each of the following ions.

(i) phosphide .............................................................................................................


........ [1]
(ii) barium ...................................................................................................................
........ [1]
(iii) francium ................................................................................................................
........ [1]

(c) Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons in one
molecule of the
covalent compound carbon dioxide.

Use x to represent an electron from a carbon atom. Use o to


represent an electron from an oxygen atom.

[3]

[Total: 9]
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3 Nitrogen can form ionic compounds with reactive metals and covalent compounds with non-metals.

(a) Nitrogen reacts with lithium to form the ionic compound lithium nitride, Li3N.

(i) Write the equation for the reaction between lithium and nitrogen.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Lithium nitride is an ionic compound. Draw a diagram which shows its formula, the charges
on the ions and the arrangement of the valency electrons around the negative ion.

Use x for an electron from a lithium atom.


Use o for an electron from a nitrogen atom.

[2]

(b) Nitrogen fluoride is a covalent compound.

(i) Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule of the
covalent compound nitrogen trifluoride, NF3.

Use x for an electron from a nitrogen atom.


Use o for an electron from a fluorine atom.

[2]

(ii) Lithium nitride has a high melting point, 813 °C. Nitrogen trifluoride has a low melting point,
–207 °C.
Explain why the melting points are different.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
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4 Carbonyl chloride is made from carbon monoxide and chlorine.

CO(g) + Cl 2(g) COCl 2(g)

(a) Two methods of preparing carbon monoxide are from methane and oxygen, and from methane
and steam.

(i) The reaction between methane and oxygen can also form carbon dioxide. How can carbon
monoxide be made instead of carbon dioxide?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The following reaction is used to make carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
The reaction is carried out at 1100 °C and normal pressure.

CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g)

The reaction is reversible and comes to equilibrium. Suggest why a high temperature is
used.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) What is the disadvantage of using a high pressure for the reaction given in (a)(ii)?

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Chlorine is made by the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride.


Describe this electrolysis. Write ionic equations for the reactions at the electrodes and name
the sodium compound formed.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [5]
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(c) The structural formula of carbonyl chloride is given below.

Cl

C O

Cl

Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons around the atoms in one
molecule of this covalent compound.

Use ○ to represent an electron from an oxygen atom.


Use × to represent an electron from a chlorine atom.
Use ● to represent an electron from a carbon atom.

[3]

[Total: 13]
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5 Germanium is an element in Group IV. The electron distribution of a germanium atom is


2 + 8 + 18 + 4. It has oxidation states of +2 and +4.

(a) Germanium forms a series of saturated hydrides similar to the alkanes.

(i) Draw the structural formula of the hydride which contains three germanium atoms
per molecule.

[1]

(ii) Predict the general formula of the germanium hydrides.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
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(b) Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule of
the covalent compound germanium(IV) chloride, GeCl 4.

Use o to represent an electron from a chlorine atom.


Use x to represent an electron from a germanium atom.

[2]

(c) Describe the structure of the giant covalent compound germanium(IV) oxide, GeO2.
It has a similar structure to that of silicon(IV) oxide.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(d) Is the change GeCl 2 to GeCl 4 reduction, oxidation or neither? Give a reason for your
choice.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

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