Semin Test 1

Dr: Mohamed Maher
Research Assistant at National cancer Institute

(NCI)
Founder of Plasma Labs
Founder of plasma company
Phone : 01063729893
Mail : scimohamedmaher@gmail.com
Semen
Analysis
Clinical Significance
Semen analysis is the most important test to evaluate the fertility of

the male partner
Test Principle
Semen analysis tells the doctor:

-the number of sperms in the semen sample
-whether sperm morphology is normal or abnormal
-whether sperms move or not & assess type of
motility.
A man’s reproductive system is specifically designed to
produce, store, and transport sperm.
How is sperm produced?
There is a system of tiny tubes in the testicles. These
tubes, called the seminiferous tubules, house the germ
cells that hormones — including testosterone, the male
sex hormone — cause to turn into sperm. The germ
cells divide and change until they resemble tadpoles
with a head and short tail.
The tails push the sperm into a tube behind the testes
called the epididymis. For about five weeks, the sperm
travel through the epididymis, completing their
development. Once out of the epididymis, the sperm
move to the vas deferens.
When a man is stimulated for sexual activity, the sperm
are mixed with seminal fluid — a whitish liquid
produced by the seminal vesicles and the prostate
gland — to form semen. As a result of the stimulation,
the semen, which contains up to 500 million sperm, is
pushed out of the penis (ejaculated) through
the urethra.
How long does it take to produce new sperm?
You produce sperm every day, but a full

sperm regeneration cycle
(spermatogenesis) takes about 64 days.
Spermatogenesis is the complete cycle of
sperm production and maturation. It
constantly supplies your body with sperm
able to travel through the vagina to an
unfertilized ovum in a woman’s ovaries to
conceive.
The process of going from a germ cell to a

mature sperm cell capable of egg
fertilization takes around 2.5 months
What’s the cycle for sperm production?
The sperm regeneration cycle includes:

1. The division of diploid sperm cells into haploid
spermatids that can carry genetic data.
2. The maturation of sperm in your testicles,
specifically in the seminiferous tubules. Hormones help
spermatids through this process until they become
spermatozoa. Sperm then remain in the testicles until
they’re almost mature.
A mature sperm has a head containing genetic material
and a tail to help the sperm travel through the female body
for fertilization.
3. The movement of sperm into the epididymis, a tube
connected to your testicles that stores sperm. The
epididymis preserves sperm until ejaculation. This is also
where sperm gain motility, or the ability to move. This
enables them to travel when released in seminal fluid
(semen) during ejaculation.
Precautions before analysis
The sample is best given in the lab in a sterile
container provided by lab chemist
Don’t forget to inspect his ID &register its number.
Check that there was NO sexual intercourse or
ejaculation during the previous 3 days preceding
analysis with maximum of 5-7 days.
Sample is given by masturbation. No soup or oil to be
used for providing the sample
Insure that the first drops of the ejaculate are included
in the given sample
Semen samples contaminated with urine is refused
Samples provided at home (by lab chemist):
-Sample should be protected from temperature
changes (this will affect sperm motility & viability).
-Sample must be in the lab within half an hour
&examination starts immediately.
Manual
Semen
analysis
CASA
Macroscopic
examination
Physical examination
Color ; Greenish white
If color Red : presence of RBCs
iF yellowish :presence of pus cells
Volume : 1.5to 6 ml
65% of the volume is from seminal
vesicle
If volume less than 1.5 ml this patient
may have Retrograde ejaculation
In this case post ejaculation test in
urine is recommended
Ph :
normal pH is alkaline 
Sperm motile in alkaline medium 
In cases of azospermia,all sperms 
are immotile we should detect PH
Viscosity
Proteolytic enzymes from prostate liquefy coagulum in 20-25 minutes 
Abnormal liquefication may be caused by prostatic abnormalities e.g :prostatitis 
Increased viscosity may affect motility 
We write in report normal viscous or hyper vviscous
Liquefication time
Till 60 min. is normal
More than 60 min is prolonged
Semen under microscope
hemocytometer
Sperm count by Standard haemocytometer
Vitality
10
micro 50
micro
30 s
Terminologies for Semen
Volume less than 1.5 ml= Hypospermia

Count <15,000,000 =oligozoospermia
Count <1,000,000=cryptozoospermia
Count =zero =Azoospermia
count > 250 X 1000,000 / ml= Polyzoospermia
Motility < 40%= Asthenozoospermia
Tratozoospermia : morphology
Few or no living sperms after doing sperm
vitality =Necrozoospermia
Recommendations After analysis
To avoid writing the term azospermia write:

1-no sperms could be detected in the whole
sediment material after centrifugation of this
sample.
2-Examination of 3 successive semen samples are
recommended.
•In presence of sperms agglutination write:
Sperm agglutination is detected in this sample.
Anti –spermatozoa antibody .
•In case of acidic pH and no sperms recommend:
fructose test in semen.
Ancillary semen test
Leukocytospermia
Quantitation test
direct sperm Mar

antibody test
Procedure of
retrograde ejaculate
Sperm DNA
fragmentation test
Leukocytospermia
Quantitation test
Peroxidase positive granulocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) are identified by histochemical

staining. This test is also referred to as Myeloperoxidase or Endtz test. It is performed when routine
semen analysis shows that the number of round cells is ≥0.20 × 106/mL for male infertility patients. In
the case of IUI or BASA samples, the cutoff for performing the Endtz test is ≥1.0 × 106/mL of semen. In
this case, it is necessary to differentiate granulocytes such as neutrophils, polymorphonuclear
leukocytes, and macrophages (primary sources of ROS, which can lead to male infertility) from
germinal cells, all of which are seen as round cells. The procedure is done using suspended cells in a
liquefied semen specimen and quantitated by counting stained cells using a Makler counting chamber.
direct sperm Mar antibody test
Detecting about IGA or IGG or IGM beads attached with sperm
5 micro of semen 5 micro of antibody reagent
beads
Procedure of retrograde ejaculate
Sperm DNA fragmentation test

Semin Test 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Semin Test 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Semin Test 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Dr: Mohamed Maher

Research Assistant at National cancer Institute

Founder of Plasma Labs

Founder of plasma company

Semen analysis is the most important test to evaluate the fertility of

Semen analysis tells the doctor:

You produce sperm every day, but a full

The process of going from a germ cell to a

The sperm regeneration cycle includes:

Volume less than 1.5 ml= Hypospermia

To avoid writing the term azospermia write:

direct sperm Mar

Peroxidase positive granulocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) are identified by histochemical

Detecting about IGA or IGG or IGM beads attached with sperm

5 micro of semen 5 micro of antibody reagent

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.