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Experiment 1 5

The document outlines various experiments comparing inorganic and organic compounds, detailing their solubility, melting and boiling points, stability towards heat, combustibility, ionization, and acidity. It also includes tests for detecting common elements in organic compounds, properties of alkanes and alkynes, and characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, it highlights the differences between organic and inorganic compounds, including their chemical structures and reactions.

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2 views

Experiment 1 5

The document outlines various experiments comparing inorganic and organic compounds, detailing their solubility, melting and boiling points, stability towards heat, combustibility, ionization, and acidity. It also includes tests for detecting common elements in organic compounds, properties of alkanes and alkynes, and characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, it highlights the differences between organic and inorganic compounds, including their chemical structures and reactions.

Uploaded by

roselynbowat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEM 1C

EXPERIMENT 1: INORGANIC AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

A. SOLUBILITY
Water Ethyl Alcohol Ether
Benzene insoluble insoluble appreciably
soluble
Sodium chloride soluble insoluble insoluble
Benzoic acid insoluble soluble soluble
NaCl
Organic solvent
Organic compounds are soluble in organic solvents while inorganic compounds are
soluble in water and inorganic solvents.

B. MELTING and BOILING POINT


Benzoic acid
Ether, benzene, water
Organic compounds have a lower melting and boiling point than inorganic
compounds.

C. STABILITY TOWARDS HEAT


Salt did not melt
Inorganic compounds are more stable towards heat than organic compounds.

D. COMBUSTIBILITY
It ignited when a lighted match was placed near ethyl alcohol and benzene.
No

E. IONIZATION
NaCl + AgNO3 – cloudy mixture
Yes, NaCl was ionized
Cloudy mixture – AgCl was produced
CCl4 + AgNO3 – no reaction

F. ACIDITY AND ALKALINITY


Solution Blue Litmus Paper Red Litmus Paper Acidity/Alkalinity
Conc HCl blue to red no change strong acid
Dil HCl blue to red no change weak acid
Conc NH4OH no change red to blue strong base
dil NH4OH no change red to blue weak base
aniline no change red to blue weak base

1. Difference Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Organic Compounds Inorganic Compounds


Organic compounds are characterized Most inorganic compounds do not have carbon
by the presence of carbon atoms in atoms in them (some exceptions do exist)
them

Organic compounds consisting of They do not possess hydrogen or oxygen


hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and their and their derivatives
other derivatives

Organic compounds are said to be These compounds are not inflammable and
more volatile and also highly are non-volatile in nature
inflammable

These compounds exist in the form of These exist as solids


solids, gases, and liquids.

These are insoluble in water These are soluble in water and also non-
soluble in some of the organic solutions

These compounds have the carbon- These do not have the carbon-hydrogen
hydrogen bonds bonds

Organic compounds are mainly found These compounds are found in non-living
in most of the living things things

Organic compounds form covalent Inorganic compounds form ionic bonds


bonds between the atoms of molecules

In most of the aqueous solutions, In aqueous solutions, these are known to be


these are poor conductors of heat and good conductors of heat and electricity
electricity

Examples of organic compounds The example for inorganic compounds


include fats, nucleic acids, sugars, includes non-metals, salts, metals, acids,
enzymes, proteins and hydrocarbon bases, substances which are made from
fuels single elements

These have relatively low melting These have low melting and boiling points
points and boiling points. compared to organic compounds

These are biological and more These are of mineral and not much
complex in nature complexity in nature

Organic compounds cannot make Inorganic compounds can make salts


salts

The rate of reaction is slow in organic Inorganic compounds have a high rate of
compounds reaction
2. More than 16,000,000 organic compounds are known.
EXPERIMENT 2: DETECTION OF COMMON ELEMENTS IN ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS

A. TEST FOR CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN


The Limewater becomes cloudy
CO2
H2O
C + 2 CuO  CO2 + 2 Cu
2 H + CuO  Cu + H2O
CO2 + Ca(OH)2  CaCO3 + H2O

B. TEST FOR NITROGEN


Red litmus paper turns blue
Ammonia
Smells like urine
H2NCONH2 + 2NaOH = 2NH3 + Na2CO3

C. TEST FOR HALOGEN


1. BELSTEIN TEST
Cu + chloroform - brilliant green or blue green color
Cu + iodoform - shade of green
Cu + CCl4 - green

2. SILVER NITRATE TEST

ion present observation

Cl- white precipitate

Br- very pale cream precipitate

I- very pale yellow precipitate

D. TEST FOR SULFUR AND PHOSPHORUS


White precipitate – test for sulfate ion
Bright yellow precipitate - test for phosphate
Questions:
1. Yes
2. The given substance is mixed with double the amount of soda-lime (NaOH + CaO)
and heated in a test tube. The vapors of ammonia evolved show the presence of
nitrogen.

EXPERIMENT 3 : ALKANES

A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HEXANE


State Color Solubility Density
insoluble in
Hexane Liquid colorless 0.659 g/ml
water
slightly soluble
Cyclohexane liquid colorless 0.779 g/ml
in water
2. CHCl3 is insoluble in water. CHCl3 is denser than water.
3. pungent odor
4. Hexane will react with bromine only under the free radical condition which
indicate must expose to the sunlight as this is a photochemical reaction. With the
presence of sunlight, a bromine atom replaced one of the hydrogen atoms in the
hexane to form alkyl halide.
5. C6H14 + Br2 → C6H13Br + HBr
6. non-sooty yellow-blue flame when ignited
2 C6H14(g)+19 O (g)→12 CO (g)+14 H2O(g)

Questions
1. Reaction mechanism - the detailed processes by which chemical substances are
transformed into other substances.

2.
3. Geometric isomers of 1,3-dimethylcyclopentane

EXPERIMENT 4: ALKYNES

B. PROPERTIES
1. Yellow flame
2. color of KMnO4 disappeared
3. color of Br2/CCl4 disappeared
4. insoluble in water

Questions:

1. CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l)  C2H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq)


2. C2H2 + KMnO4  K2C2O4 + MnO2 + KOH + H2O

3. . C2H2 + Br2  C2H2Br

4. CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l)  C2H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq)


1mole CaC 2 1mole C 2 H 2
100 c CaC2 x x = 1.5625 mole
64 g CaC 2 1 mole CaC 2
5. Uses of acetylene

1. An important industrial raw material, acetylene is used to produce solvents and


alkenes, which, in turn, serve as monomers in plastic production.
2. It is also utilized in brazing, cutting, flame scarfing, and metallurgical heating and
hardening, and in the glass industry.
3. In optometry, it is a component in contact lens coatings.
4. Like ethylene, acetylene is used to ripen fruit and mature trees or flowers ...

EXPERIMENT 5: AROMATIC HYDROCARBON


1.
Color State Solubility in Density
NaOH Water Benzene
colorless liquid 0.865 g/ml
insoluble insoluble soluble

2. the color of KMnO4 disappeared


3. yellow color
4. yellow flame

Questions:
1. Resonance energy - a measure of the extra stability of the conjugated system
compared to the corresponding number of isolated double bonds
2. Naphthalene

Anthracene

Phenanthrene

Pyrene

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