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The late 20th century Philippine literature was significantly influenced by the political climate, particularly during the Marcos regime, leading to a diverse range of literary expressions in both Filipino and English. Notable writers and works emerged, addressing themes of oppression and social justice, while underground movements persisted despite government censorship. The period saw the establishment of writing workshops and the recognition of various literary forms, culminating in a vibrant literary landscape that celebrated Filipino identity and heritage.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views26 pages

Copy of Lesson 5

The late 20th century Philippine literature was significantly influenced by the political climate, particularly during the Marcos regime, leading to a diverse range of literary expressions in both Filipino and English. Notable writers and works emerged, addressing themes of oppression and social justice, while underground movements persisted despite government censorship. The period saw the establishment of writing workshops and the recognition of various literary forms, culminating in a vibrant literary landscape that celebrated Filipino identity and heritage.

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LITERATURE IN THE

TH
LATE 20 CENTURY
Lesson 5
LIT. DURING THE LATE 20TH CENTURY

 The dramatic political scene of our country in


the late 20th century shaped the literature at
this time.
 Philippine writers reacted to oppression,
censorship, and changes in government.
 Literature became multi-faceted in terms of
language and genre.
HOW THE EVOLUTION UNFOLDED

 Last 3 Decades of the 20th Century

 The political landscape, especially during the


Marcos regime, shaped literary works.

 Literature flourished in both Filipino and


English after the 1987 Constitution
recognized them as official languages.
AMADO V. HERNANDEZ
 Named National Artist for Literature
 published "Bayang Malaya" in 1970
 This narrative poem recalls the Japanese
occupation through the eyes of proletariat
characters like Tanggol Tala, and Lantay.
 Along with Hernandez's other works, "Bayang
Malaya" set the tone for other poets to follow
in terms of exposing political and social
realities.
TRAININGS
 Ateneo de Manila University established a
writing workshop for Tagalog writers (1970).
 The Tiempo’s workshop in Siliman University
 NVM Gonzalez mentored new generations of
students in his college classes
 Products of this notable teacher are the ff.:
 Juan T. Gatbonton
 Resil B. Mojares
 Luis V. Teodoro
 Ninotchka Rosca
ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WRITERS AND WORKS:

 Ruben Cuevas – Prometheus Unbound, an anti-


Marcos poem published in a pro-government
magazine.
 Emmanuel S. Torres – Published Shapes of
Silence (1972), a socio-political poetry collection.
 Virgilio Almario – Doktrinang Anakpawis (1979).
 Jose F. Lacaba – Ang Mga Kagila-gilalas na
Pakikipagsapalaran (1979).
DICTATORSHIP ERA
 Government censorship shut down publications
like:
 Philippines Free Press
 Philippine Graphic

 Underground efforts continued with pamphlets


and anthologies:
 Kamao, Panitikan ng Protesta (1970-1986)
 Versus (1986)
 STR (1989)
DICTATORSHIP ERA
Protest Poets:
Bienvenido Lumbera
Lamberto E. Antonio
Jose Lacaba
Edgardo Maranan
Emmanuel Lacaba
Kris Montañez
Mila Aguilar
Tomas F. Agulto
Teo Antonio
Jesus Santiago
DICTATORSHIP ERA
 Even imprisonment could not silence Filipino
poets.

 Writers like:
 Jose Ma. Sison
 Alan Jazmines
 Judy Taguiwalo

 continued their literary activism behind bars.


DICTATORSHIP ERA
 The assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr. in 1983 sparked
a wave of fearless poetry.
 Notable poets who expressed their dissent included:
 Gemino Abad
 Alfredo Navarro Salanga
 Tita Lacambra-Ayala
 Alfred Yuson
 Filipino poets demonstrated extraordinary courage,
making it an understatement to say they were merely
brave during the martial law period.
1980s and 1990s
The period continued to produce outstanding
poets in both English and Filipino.
Notable poetry collections:
"Dreamweavers" (1987) – Marjorie Evasco
"The Secret of Graphite: Poems in 2
Tongues" (1989) – Ramon C. Sunico
"Wandering Roots, 1978-1988" and "From
the Hothouse, 1989-1990" – Fatima V. Lim
"Lyrics from a Dead Language" (1991) –
Eric Gamalinda
1980s and 1990s
 Prominent contemporary Philippine poets included:
 J. Neil Garcia
 Jim Agustin
 Danton Remoto
 Ma. Luisa Aguilar-Cariño
 Marne Kilates
 Lina Sagaral Reyes
 Juaniyo Arcellana
 Herminio Beltran Jr.
 Grace Monte de Ramos
 Fanny Llego
 Merlinda Bobis
 Cesare Syjuco
 Cesar Ruiz Aquino
PH FICTION IN 1970s

 Social themes in fiction intensified due to the martial law era.


 Significant works:
 "But for the Lovers" (1970) – Wilfredo Nolledo
 Recalled the Japanese occupation amidst the rise of an
oppressive regime.
 "Sigwa" (1972) – an anthology featuring Fanny Garcia, Epifanio
San Juan Jr., and Ricardo Lee
 Addressed social injustice during the declaration of martial
law.
 "Utos ng Hari at Iba Pang Kuwento" (1981) – Jun Cruz Reyes
 Distinguished by its use of street slang, reflecting the voice
of the masses.
AFTER DICTATORSHIP
 Short story and novel in English continued to flourish.
Despite the fact that outlets for fiction diminished,
fictionists were able to produce nationally- and
internationally-acclaimed works.
 Successful short story anthologies included
 The Old-timer and Other Stories (1985) – Jose Y. Dalisay Jr.
 Sarcophagus and Other Stories (1992) – Jose Y. Dalisay Jr.
 Men of the East and Other Stories (1990) – Charlson Ong
 Peripheral Vision (1992) – Eric Gamalinda
OUTSTANDING NOVELS OF THE PERIOD

 The Praying Man (1982) – NVM Gonzalez


 Great Philippine Jungle Energy Cafe (1987) –
Alfred Yuson
 Planet Waves (1989) – Eric Gamalinda
 Bamboo in the Wind (1990) – Azucena Grajo
Uranza
 Dog Eaters (1990) – Jessica Hagedorn
 The Honey, The Locusts (1992) – Lina Espina-
Moore
 Killing Time in a Warm Place (1992) – Jose Y.
Dalisay Jr.
BRILLIANT FICTIONISTS IN THE VERNACULARS

 Gremer Chan Reyes


 Ricardo Oebanda
 Mig Alvarez Enriquez
 Alicia Tan-Gonzales
 Godofredo Roperos
 Lina Espina-Moore
 Dionisio Gabriel
 Wilfredo Nolledo
PROLIFIC ESSAYISTS AND THEIR WORKS

 Nick Joaquin (Quijano de Manila) – Tapping into


his field experiences as a journalist, published
books like Reportage on Politics and Other
Essays, Language of the Street and Other Essays.
 Conrado de Quiros – another respected man of
the press, published Flowers from the Rubble
(1990).
 Carmen Guerrero Nakpil – The Philippines
(1989).
 Alfred Yuson – Confessions of a Q.C. House-
Husband (1991).
TALENTED ESSAY WRITERS INCLUDE:

 Sylvia Mayuga
 Maximo Soliven
 Juan Gatbonton
 Amando Dayrit
 Napoleon G. Rama
 Alfredo Navarro Salanga
 Nestor Mata
LITERARY AWARDS AND RECOGNITION

Palanca Awards:
Recognized more literary forms
(children’s literature, vernacular texts)
Discovered future literary giants

Manila Critics Circle (1981):


Honored English, Filipino, and local
language works
LITERARY AWARDS AND RECOGNITION

 Isagani Cruz
 Soledad Reyes
 Gemino Abad
 Edel Garcellano
 Doreen Fernandez
 Priscelina P. Legasto
 Ma. Luisa Torres Reyes
 Edna Z. Manlapaz
SELECTION IN FOCUS:

PUTO-BUMBONG, BIBINGKA,
SALABAT, ATBP.
By Doreen Fernandez
SUMMARY
Focus on Christmas Delicacies:
 Highlights traditional Filipino holiday treats such as
puto-bumbong, bibingka, and salabat.
 Describes their preparation methods and unique
flavors.

Cultural and Religious Significance:


 Links these delicacies to Simbang Gabi (pre-dawn
Christmas Masses).
 Emphasizes their role in fostering community and
familial bonds.
SUMMARY
Symbolism and Nostalgia:
 Food as a representation of Filipino heritage and
identity.
 Evokes memories and traditions passed down
through generations.

Evolution of Traditional Food:


 Discusses modern variations and innovations.
 Highlights how these foods have adapted to
contemporary tastes while maintaining cultural
essence.
SUMMARY
Celebration of Filipino Identity:
 Food as a means of preserving cultural heritage.
 Reinforces the connection between food, memory,
and national pride.
CONTEMPORARY PH LITERATURE

 A plethora of genres reflects the abundance of


local cultures across the archipelago.

 the literary traditions of English and Filipino


continues to thrive.
--End--

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