Chemistry Video Notes

Chem Notes
Redox Reactions

Class 11ᵗʰ
 REDOX REACTIONS Didn’t understand? Watch
the video (Click here)

Redox

Red Ox
Reduction Oxidation
(gain of e−) (loss of e-)

Find the Oxidation State of Following Compounds:

Zn + HCl ZnCl₂+ H₂
WOW!
0 + +2 0
Zn + HCl ZnCl₂+ H₂
Oxidation
Reduction

Oxidation- Zn Oxidising agent- HCl

Reduction- HCl Reducing agent- Zn
Didn’t understand? Watch

How to Find Oxidation State: the video (Click here)

0xidation State of Alkali Metal is always +1

0xidation State of Alkaline Earth Metal is always +2
0xidation State of Fluorine is always -1
0xidation State of all the atom in its elemental form is always 0
Oxidation State of Halogens is generally -1
Oxidation State of Oxygen is :
-2 (max) , -1 (peroxide) , -1/2 (Superoxide) eg: KO₂
Sum of O.S of all atoms in a specie =Total Charge on species

Find the Oxidation State of Following Compounds:

1. S in SO₃: x+(-2)3=0; x=6
-1
2. Cl in ClO₄: x+(-2)4=-1; x=7
-1
3. N in NO₃: x+(-2)3=-1; x=5

4. S in H₂SO₄: 2(1)+x+(-2)4=0; x=6

5. P in PCl₃: x+(-1)3=0; x=3

6. P in H₃PO₄: (1)3+x+(-2)4=0; x=5

Types of Redox Reactions Didn’t understand? Watch
the video (Click here)

Combination Reaction: The chemical combination of two elements of

the same or different type is called a combination reaction. In general,
a combination reaction can be expressed as:
A+B C
0 0 +2 -3 0 0 +1 -1
3Mg (S) + N₂(g) Mg₃N₂(S) 2Na (S) + Cl₂(g) 2NaCl(S)
0 0 +2 -3
Ca (S) + 2C(S) CaC₂(S)

Decomposition Reactions: The reactions involving the breakdown of a

compound into two or more compounds are called decomposition reactions.
In general, a decomposition reaction can be expressed as:
C A+B
1 -2 0 0 +1 -1 0 0
2H₂O(l) 2H₂(g) + O₂(g)
Electric Current
2NaH(S) 2Na(S) + H₂(g)
+1 +5 -2 +1 -1 0
2KCl0₃ 2KCl(S) + 3O₂(g)

Displacement Reactions: The reactions involving the replacement of an

ion or an atom in a compound by the ion or atom of some other element,
are called displacement reactions. In general, a displacement reaction can
be expressed as:
X + YZ XZ + Y

Displacement Reaction
Metal displacement reactions Non-Metal displacement reactions

Disproportionation Reactions: The reactions, in which an element in one

oxidation state is simultaneously oxidised and reduced, are called
disproportionation reactions.
Oxidation

-1 -2 0
2H₂0₂ 2H₂0 + 0₂

Reduction
 Didn’t understand? Watch
Balancing Equations by Ion Electron Method: the video (Click here)

1. Write the given equation in Ionic form

2. Identity elements undergoing Oxidation
3. Break the equation into two halves
i) Oxidation Half
ii) Reduction Half
4. Balance the half equations.
i)Balance all other atoms except O & H.
ii) Balance O by Adding H O to the side in O.
iii) Balance H by Adding H ions
iv) Balance charge by adding electrons
5. Add the too halves such that the electrons in the two halves get cancelled
6. For Basic Medium , add as many OH- to both side as many H+ were added
to to one side.

+2 -2 +3 -3
Q1. Fe + Cr₂0₇ Fe + Cr Video Solution

So:
Oxidation
+2 -2 +3 -3
Fe + Cr₂0₇ Fe + Cr

2(x)+(-2)7=-2
x=6

+2 6 -2 +3 -3
Fe + Cr₂0₇ Fe + Cr
Reduction

REDUCTION HALF OXIDATION HALF

-2 -3 +2 +3
Cr₂0₇ Cr Fe Fe
+ 2- +3
14H + Cr₂0₇ → 2Cr + 7H₂0 +2 +3 -
14-2 = 12 6 [Fe → Fe + 1e]6
12-6e = 6 = 6

+2 2- + +3 +3
6Fe + Cr₂0₇ + 14H → 6Fe + 2Cr + 7H₂O
 -1 -1 -1
Q2. Br + Mn0₄ → BrO₃ + Mn0₂ (basic medium) Video Solution
So: -1 -1 -1
Br + Mn0₄ BrO₃ + Mn0₂

x+(-2)4=-1 x+(-2)3=-1 x+(-2)2=0

x=7 x=5 x=4

Oxidation

-1 +7 -1 +5 -1 +4
Br + Mn0₄ BrO₃ + Mn0₂
Reduction

REDUCTION HALF OXIDATION HALF

-1 -1 -1
MnO₄ MnO₂ Br BrO₃
+ -1 -1 -1 +
4H+ MnO₄→ MnO₂ + 2H₂0 Br + 3H₂0 → BrO₃ + 6H
-1 -1+6= 5
4 + (-1) = 3e 0+0=0
-1 -1 + -
[4H+ MnO₄→ MnO₂ + 2H₂0]2 Br + 3H₂0 → BrO₃ + 6H + 6e
-1 + -1 -1 +
Br + 3H₂O + 8H + 2MnO₄ → BrO₃ + 6H+ 2Mn0₂ + 4H₂0

Q3. Cu + HNO₃ → Cu(NO₃)₂ + NO₂ + H₂O Video Solution

So: Cu + HNO₃ Cu(NO₃)₂ + NO₂ + H₂O

1+x+(-2)3=0 x+(-1)2=0 x+(-2)2=0

x=5 x=2 x=4

2+2x+(-2)6=0
x=5

Oxidation Bindaas Stuff!

5 2 5 4
Cu + HNO₃ Cu(NO₃)₂ + NO₂ + H₂O
Reduction
 REDUCTION HALF OXIDATION HALF
+2
NO₃ NO₂ Cu Cu
- + -1 +2 -
[1e + 2H +NO₃→ NO₂ + H₂0]2 Cu→ Cu + 2e
-1+(-1)=0 0+0=0 0 2+(-2)=0
+ -1 +2

2NO₃ + Cu + 4H + 2NO₃ → Cu + 2NO₂ + 2H₂0 + 2NO₃

Cu + 4HNO₃ → Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2NO₂ + 2H₂0

Didn’t understand? Watch

Oxidation Number Method: the video (Click here)

1. Write the given skeleton redox reaction.

2. Indicate the oxidation numbers of all atoms volved in the
reaction above the respective symbols.
3. Identify the atoms showing a change in oxidation number.
4. Balance the total number of atoms undergoing the change in
oxidation number.
5. Find the total number of electrons gained and lost by the
oxidising and reducing agents respectively.
6. Find the suitable coefficients to balance the electrons gained
by the oxidising agent with those lost by the reducing agent.
7. Multiply oxidising and reducing agents and the corresponding
products with these coefficients.
8. Balance the equation with respect to all other atoms except
hydrogen and oxygen.
9. In case of a molecular equation, hydrogen and oxygen can be
balanced in the usual way.
10. If the given equation is ionic and proceeds in acidic solution,
balance oxygen by adding sufficient number of H O molecules
on the side deficient in oxygen. Now add sufficient number of
H+ ions to balance hydrogen atoms. This gives the final
balanced equation in acidic medium.
11. If the given equation is ionic and proceeds in basic solution,
balance oxygen atoms by adding sufficient number of OH ions
on the side deficient in O atoms. To balance H atoms, add
one molecule of water for each H atom needed on the side
deficient in H atom and add an equal number of OH ions to
the opposite side. This gives the final balanced equation in
basic medium.
 Q1. FeCl₃ + H₂S → FeCl₂ + HCl + S
Video Solution
Change = 1 x 2
Change = 2 X 1

So: FeCl₃ + H₂S FeCl₂ + HCl + S

x+(-1)3=0 2(1)+x=0 x+(-1)2=0 Fantastic 😎

x=3 x=-2 x=2

2FeCl₃ + H₂S 2FeCl₂ + HCl + S

2FeCl₃ + H₂S 2FeCl₂ + 2HCl + S
Q2. Cu + HNO₃ Cu(NO₃)₂ + NO₂ + H₂0 Video Solution
Change = 2 X 1

Change = 1 X 2

So: Cu + HNO₃ Cu(NO₃)₂ + NO₂ + H₂0

1+x+3(-2)=0 x+(-1)2=0 x+(-2)3=0

x=5 x=2 x=6

Cu + 2HNO₃ Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2NO₂ + H₂O

Cu + 4HNO₃ Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2NO₂ + 2H₂O

Q3. K₂Cr₂O₇ + HCl KCl + CrCl₃ + H₂O + Cl₂ Video Solution

Change = 6(6X2-3X2) X 2 ⇒ 3x1

Change = 2 X 6 ⇒ 1x3

K₂Cr₂O₇ + 2HCl KCl + 2CrCl₃ + H₂O + Cl₂

(1)2+2x+7(-2)=0 -1X2=(-2) x+(-1)3=0 0X2=0

x=6 x=3
 K₂Cr₂O₇+ 6HCl KCl + 2CrCl₃ + H₂O + 3Cl₂

K₂Cr₂O₇+ 14HCl 2KCl + 2CrCl₃ + 7H₂O + 3Cl₂

HOMEWORK QUESTIONS
i) KMnO₄ + H₂SO₄ + H₂C₂O₄ → K₂SO₄ + MnSO₄ + CO₂ + H₂O

So:
Change = 5X1
Change = 1X5

KMnO₄ + H₂SO₄ + H₂C₂O₄ → K₂SO₄ + MnSO₄ + CO₂ + H₂O

1+x+4(-2)=0 (1)2+2x+4(-2)=0 x+(-2)=0 x+(-2)2=0

x=7 x=3 x=2 x=4

KMnO₄ + H₂SO₄ + 5H₂C₂O₄ → K₂SO₄ + MnSO₄ + 5CO₂ + H₂O

2KMnO₄ + 3H₂SO₄ + 5H₂C₂O₄ → K₂SO₄ + 2MnSO₄ + 10CO₂ + 8H₂O