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Media and Connectors - Network+

Cours Media and connectors

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lorenzo.bevelacqua
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13 views

Media and Connectors - Network+

Cours Media and connectors

Uploaded by

lorenzo.bevelacqua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Media and Connectors

IEEE 802.3 Standard: Defines the physical layer and data link’s media
access control (MAC) for wired Internet networks
Cooper Media: Default type of cable used in networks for decades
- Twisted Pair Cable : A type of wiring in which two conductors of a
single circuit are twisted together  It’s the preferred method for
transmitting both data and voice signals
o Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) : Composed of pairs of wires
twisted together, without additional shielding being added to
the cable
 Lightweight
 Flexible
 Cost-effective
o Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) : Designed with a layer of
insulation or shielding (protect against IEM)
 More expensive
 Bulkier
 More difficult to install
 UTP cables are easier installation but are more susceptible
to EMI and noise which degrade signal quality.
STP cables are better choice for environments with significant
EMI
o Number of cables :
 CAT 5 : 100 Mbps, Meter max
 CAT 5e : 1000 Mbps per second, 100 meter max, and
contains more twist for reducing crosstalk
 CAT 6 : 1 Gbps, 100 Meter or less, or 10 Gbps, 55 meter
 CAT 6a : 10 Gbps, 100 meter max
 CAT 7 : 10 Gbps, 100 meter max
 CAT 8 : Up to 40 Gbps, 30 meter max
 High-speed transfer and short distance
- Coaxial cable : Consists of a single cooper conductor at its core, with
and insulating layer and a conduction shield covering
o RG-6 ; RG-59
- Direct Attach Copper (DAC) Cable : A form of fixed assembly copper
cabling used to connect switches to router or servers
o DAC active cables : 100 Gbps at 15 meters or less
o DAC passive cables : 100 Gbps at 7 meters or less
- Twinaxial Cable : Often a component of a DAC assemble and is
considered as another specialized from of cabling ; it’s used for
SFP+ and QSFP and are attached between router, switches
o 10 Gbps (100 meters), 25 Gbps, 40 Gbps, 100 Gbps (7 meters)
Summary of cables :
Scanner et mettre la fiche recap faites sur feuille

Copper Network Connections :


- Registered Jack (RJ-X) : A standardized telecommunication network
interface for connecting voice and data equipement to a service
provided by a local exchange carrier or long-distance carrier
X is just a placeholder for the specific standard number (RJ-11, RJ-
45)
o RJ-11 : Standard connector for telephone wiring
 6 position 2-conductor (6P2C) configuration
 Ideal for telephone app
 Not suitable for high-speed data transmission
o RJ-45 : Standard connector for data networks that utilize
copper cables to create ethernet network
 8P8C configuration
 Widely used to connect deviec togther in LAN
 Can support high-speed data transfer
 Used CAT standards
- Radio Guide (RG-X) : Used with coaxial cables for various
applications like high-speed Internet connections, television
connections, and radio communications
RG-6 and RG-59
o RG-6 : A standard for coaxial cables, and predominantly used
in residential and commercial settings
 Higher bandwith
 Higher frequency app
 Digital television transmission
 High-speed Internet services
o RJ-59 : An older specification for coaxial cables that used to be
very common for TV and radio signal transmission
- Connectors for RG-X :
o F-type Connector : Standard for cable television and satellite
connections, and can laso be used for cable internet
connections (Screw-on)
o Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC) Connector : Another type of
coaxial connector that is characterized by its secure bayonet
locking mechanism (Push and twist)

Building a Copper Cable :


- Straight-Through Cable (Patch Cable) : Contains the exact same
pinout on both ends of the cable
- Crossover Cable : Swaps The send and receive pins on the other end
of the cable when the connector and its pinout are created
o Data Terminal Equipement (DTE) : Endpoint devices that
connect to a piece of data communications (laptops, desktops,
servers and routers)
o Data Communication Equipement (DCE) : Include things like
switches, modems, hubs, and bridges

568A AND 568B :

- Straight-through : DTE to DCE/ DCE to DTE (568B – 568B)

- Crossover : DTE to DTE/ DCE to DCE (568A – 568B)


Modern switch support Media Dependent Interface Crossover (MDIX)
=> Automated way to electronically simulate a crossover cable even if
using a straight-through patch cable

Fiber Media : Used to transmit data using light instead of electrical


impulses and is fully immune to the effects of EMI, and enable to
extended distances (instead of copper media).
o Drawback : Cost and complexity

- Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) ; Yellow sheath : Designed for long-distance


communication and features a small glass core typically arount 8.3
to 10 microns in diameter (like a human hair)
o Backbone installations
o Large network
o Connections between different network segments over vast
land areas
o The light take a single path due to the size of cable

- Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) ; Aqua blue or orange sheath : Tailored for


shorter distances because it has a larger fiber core size that ranges
from 50 to 100 microns
o More cheaper than SMF
o Light diffusion due to the size than SMF

Fiber Network Connections :


- Subscriber Connector (SC) : Known for its square shape and push-
pull design that offers a secure and simple connection mechanism
- Lucent Connector (LC) : Distinguished by a compact size that utilizes
a push-pull mechanism similar to the SC but in a much smaller from
factor
- Straight Tip Connector (ST) : Recognizable by its round shape and
twist-lock mechanism that offers a robust and reliable connector
type for use in network
- Mechanical Transfer-Registered Jack (MTRJ) : Features a small,
rectangular design and houses both the transmit and receive fibers
in a single connector
- Multi-Fiber Push On (MPO) : Designed to accommodate multiple
fibers in a single connection to significantly incrrase the capacity
and flexibility of the fiber network
Each type of connector can also be polished or shaped to create more or
less back reflection (= when the machine is trying to send data over the
fiber, but some of that light is actually coming back into the transmitter)

- Physical Contact (PC) : Provide the least effective reduction in back


reflection
- Ultra Physical Contact (UPC) : UPC is an updated and better version
than PC
- Angled Physical Contact (APC) : Polished connectors are often used
in long-haul fiber installations

Transceiver :
 Generalized term for any device that can both transmit and receive
data ; Transceiver can convert or translate the data sent by one protocol
to another protocol (Ethernet to Fiber Channel ; Copper to Fiber, Fiber to
coaxial …) ; Layer 1 in OSI model

Network protocols :
- Ethernet : Family of computer networking technologies commonly
used in LAN, MAN, WAN
- Fiber Channel : High-speed network technology primarly used to
connect computer data storage to servers in storage area networks

Type of Transceiver :
- SFP, SFP+
- QSFP, QSFP+, QSFP28, QSFP56  Much faster than SFP and SFP+

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