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Clarke Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem

The document outlines an experiment to verify Maxwell's Reciprocal Theorem using specific apparatus and procedures. It describes the theoretical basis of the theorem, which states that the deflection at one point due to a load at another point is equal regardless of the load's position. The procedure involves applying loads, measuring deflections, and comparing results to confirm the theorem.

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manoj kumar
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98 views3 pages

Clarke Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem

The document outlines an experiment to verify Maxwell's Reciprocal Theorem using specific apparatus and procedures. It describes the theoretical basis of the theorem, which states that the deflection at one point due to a load at another point is equal regardless of the load's position. The procedure involves applying loads, measuring deflections, and comparing results to confirm the theorem.

Uploaded by

manoj kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aim: To verify Maxwell’s Reciprocal theorem.

Apparatus required:

● Maxwell’s reciprocal theorem apparatus

● Tire weight

● Dial gauge

● Weight Hangers

● Scale

● Vernier caliper

Maxwell’s reciprocal theorem apparatus consists of a rigid frame and a light beam. The beam is provided
with simple end supports over the rigid frame in the form of a hinge at one end and a roller at the other
end. There is a tire rod assembly to load the beam using tire- weights (Weight of this assembly is made
equal to that of one tire —weight). There is also a traveling pedestal to support the dial gauge for
measuring deflections.

Theory: Maxwell theorem in its simplest form states that deflection of any point A of any elastic
structure due to load P at any point B is the same as the deflection of beam due to the same load
applied at A. It is, therefore, easily derived that the deflection curve for a point in a structure is the same
as the deflected curve of the structure when unit load is applied at the point for which the influence
curve was obtained. In the figure,

1
Work done= WA . a
2

When WB is applied it will produce a deflection b at B and an additional deflection σab at A (the latter
occurring in the presence of a ‘now’ constant load WA).

1
Extra work done= WB . b+WA . δ ab
2

1 1
Total work done= W A .a + WB . b+WA .δ ab
2 2

Similarly, if the loads were applied in reverse order and the load WA at A produced an additional
deflection Σba at B, then

1 1
Total work done= W B . b+ W A . a+W B . δ b a
2 2
It should be clear that, regardless of the order in which the loads are applied, the total work done must
be the same. Inspection of the above equations thus shows that

WA . δab=W B . δba

if the two loads are now made equal , themn δab=δ b a

i.e., the deflection at A produced by a load at B equals the deflection at B produced by the same load at
A. This is Maxwell's theorem of reciprocal displacements

Procedure:

I. Apply a load either at the centre of the simply supported span or at the free end of the beam,
the deflected form can be obtained.
II. Measure the height of the beam at a certain distance by means of a dial gauge before and after
loading and determine the deflection before and after at each point separately.
III. Now move a load along the beam at a certain distance and for each position of the load, the
deflection of the point was noted where the load was applied in step 1. This deflection should
be measured at each such point before and after the loading, separately. Repeat the process
after interchanging the positions of the dial gauge and the tire rod assembly
IV. Plot the graph between deflection as ordinate and position of point on abscissa the plot for
graph drawn in step (ii) and (iii). These are the influence line ordinates for deflection of th beam.
V. Compare the deflection under different loads in case (1) with those in case (2). They will be
found to be the same, thus verifying the theorem
VI. Superpose the plot of load Vs deflection or case (I) with that of case (2). They will coincide,
thereby, verifying the theorem again

Observation and Results:


● Load applied at point 1:

load (N) Deflection at Deflection at Deflection at Deflection at


1(mm) 2(mm) 3(mm) 4(mm)
10
20
30

● Load applied at point 2:

load (N) Deflection at Deflection at Deflection at Deflection at


1(mm) 2(mm) 3(mm) 4(mm)
10
20
30

● Load applied at point 3:

load (N) Deflection at Deflection at Deflection at Deflection at


1(mm) 2(mm) 3(mm) 4(mm)
10
20
30

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