LIDETA SUB CITY ADMINISTRATION EDUCATION OFFICE

GRADE 12 HISTORY MODEL EXAMINATIONS

2017E.C/ 2025G.C
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 100 TIME ALLOWED: - 2 HOURS
GENERAL DIRECTIONS
THIS BOOKLET CONTAINS EXAMINATION HISTORY. IN THIS
EXAMINATION, THERE ARE A TOTAL OF 100 MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS.
CAREFULLY SELECT THE BEST ANSWER AND BLACKEN ONLY THE
LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE ON THE SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET
PROVIDED. FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS ON THE ANSWER SHEET
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PLEASE ERASE ALL UNNECESSARY MARKS COMPLETELY FROM
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ANY FORM OF CHEATING OR AN ATTEMPT TO CHEAT IN THE
EXAMINATION WILL RESULT IN AN AUTOMATIC DISMISSAL FROM
THE EXAMINATION HALL AND CANCELLATION OF YOUR SCORE
(S).
PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE WRITTEN ALL THE
REQUIRED INFORMATION ON THE ANSWER SHEET BEFORE YOU
START TO WORK ON THE EXAMINATION.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

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1. After the Industrial Revolution made a breakthrough in western Europe the two major classes
that emerged were
A. working classes and serfs
B. industrial bourgeoise and proletariat
C. colonialist and bourgeoise
D. Peasants and proletariat
2.Which of the following is considered "prehistory "?
A. Events recorded in historical documents
B. The study of human cultures through written texts
C. The period before written records existed
D. The study of the present
3.What does "periodization “refer to in history?
A. The classification of historical events into different period
B. The study of prehistorically periods
C. The study of historical arti facts
D. The interpretation of historical events in single period
4. Which of the following is NOT a source of history?
A. Written records
B. Oral traditions
C. Fictional stories
D. Diary
5. Which of the following is an example of a primary source of history?
A. A history textbook
B. A biography written in the 21st century
C. An ancient manuscript written by a historical figure
D. A modern interpretation of an event
6. What does the term "secondary source "refer to in historical studies
A. Direct evidence from the time period facts
B. Accounts written about the past by someone who was not direct participant
C. Ancient artifacts
D. Oral stories passed down through generations
7. Which of the following was the primary writing material used in Ancient Egypt?
A. Parchment
B. Clay tablets
C. Papyrus
D. Animal skins

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8. Which revival is considered the birth place of Mesopotamia?
A. Indus River Valley
B. Nile River Valley
C. Tigris-Euphrates River
D. Yellow River Valley
9. The primary region where Khoisan languages are spoken corresponds to which of the
following areas?
A. West Africa
B. East Africa
C. Southern Africa
D. North Africans
10. Afro-Asia languages are predominantly spoken in:
A. Central Africa
B. Northern Africa and the Horn of Africa
C. Southern Africa
D. Eastern Africa
11. What period is generally considered to be Middle Ages?
A. 500 AD.-1500 AD
B. 1000 AD-1500 AD
C. 600 AD-1300 AD
D. 800 AD-1600 AD
12. Which institution held significant power during the Middle Ages?
A. Kings
B. The Catholic Church
C. The Guilds
D. The Feudal Lords
13. Which explorer is credited with circumnavigated the globe
A. Christopher Columbus
B. Ferdinand Magellan
C. Vasco da Gama
D. Hernán Cortés
14. What was the primary motivation for early European explorers?
A. Scientific discovery
B. Spreading Christianity
C. Wealth and trade routes
D. Knowledge expansion

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 15. The concept of supply and demand primarily pertains to which economic system
A. Socialism
B. Feudalism
C. Capitalism
D. Mercantilism
16. The Renaissance began in which country?
A. France
B. Italy
C. England
D. Germany
17. Who is widely recognized as the initiator of protestant Reformation
A. John Calvin
B. Martin Luther
C. Henry VIII
D. Ulrich Zwingli
18. Which was a major consequence of the Reformation?
A. The end of the Catholic Church
B. Increased religious unity in Europe
C. The rise of Protestant denominations
D. A complete cessation of religious conflict
19. Which of the following best describes the Paleolithic Age?
A. A recent period characterized by the use of metals.
B. The earliest period of human history known for the development of crude stone
tools.
C. A time period marked by the rise of agriculture and permanent settlements.
D. A short era before the invention of writing.
20. In 1939 a new and effective war methods of fighting of Germany on Poland known as
A. Phoney war
B. Sitzkrieg
C. Bilitzkrieg
D. Sitting war

21. All of the following were the features of fascism except:

A. Violent B. Democracy
C. Aggressive D. Dictatorship
22.The religion of the Persians, founded by Zoroaster, was called:
A. Hinduism B. Zoroastrianism C. Judaism D. Buddhism
23.Which of the following civilizations is considered the first Indian civilization?
A. Shang Dynasty B. Indus Valley Civilization
C. Mesopotamia D. Persian Empire

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24.Adolf Hitler called his Nazi party as National Socialist because he aimed to attract

A. The Jews B. The Weimer republic C. Peasants D. Workers

25.Which religion emerged from Hinduism as a reform movement?
A. Confucianism B. Buddhism C. Zoroastrianism D. Judaism

26.The earliest dynasty in China, known for its bronze works and writing system, was the:
A. Indus Valley Civilization B. Shang Dynasty
C. Zhou Dynasty D. Persian Empire
27.What is the main characteristic of the Chinese writing system?
A. Alphabetic B. Syllabic C. Logographic D. Cuneiform
28.What is a characteristic feature of Mayan architecture?
A. Underground structures
B. Tall pyramids with temples on top
C. Extensive use of glass
D. Buildings carved from rock
29. Which port city served as a key gateway for Islam entering the eastern interior of Ethiopia?
A. Dahlak Islands B. Zeila C. Mogadishu D. Adulis
30. Which empire's capital was Tenochtitlan, located on the site of present-day Mexico City?
A. Mayan Empire B. Inca Empire
C. Aztec Empire D. Spanish Empire
31. What type of writing system did the Aztecs use?
A. Cuneiform B. Logographic
C. Pictographic D. Alphabet
32. Which is not a cultural achievement credited to the ancient Greeks?
A. Invention of drama (theatre)
B. Development of modern medicine
C. Creation of the first alphabet system
D. Writing of detailed historical accounts
33. What was the name given to the most powerful governing body of the Roman Republic?
A. The Assembly B. The Consulate C. The Coliseum D. The Senate
34. What language did the Romans develop that later influenced many European and Latin
American languages?
A. Greek B. Latin C. Etruscan D. Phoenician
35. Where did Christianity originate First?
A. Roman Empire B. Palestine C. Greece D. Egypt
36. What Roman emperor marked a turning point for Christianity by converting and making it
the favored religion?
A. Julius Caesar B. Nero C. Constantine D. Theodosius

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37. When did the Edict of Milan, granting religious toleration to Christians, occur?
A. 54 AD B. 312 AD C. 378 AD D. 392 AD
38. What event in 1054 caused a major split within Christianity?
A. Rise of Islam
B. Reformation movement
C. The Great Schism
D. Persecution by Roman emperors
39. Protestantism emerged from a religious movement that began in:
A. 1st century AD B. 4th century AD C. 11th century AD D. 16th century AD
40.How many major language super families are spoken in Ethiopia and the Horn?
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four
41. What is the name of the most widespread language family within the Afro-Asiatic
superfamily in Ethiopia?
A. Semitic B. Omotic C. Cushitic D. Nilo-Saharan
42. Afar Language belongs to which family
A. Semetic B. Omoti C. Nilo sahara D. Cushitic
43. Which language is an example of an extinct Southern Semitic language
A. Ge'ez B. Harari C. Gafat D. Amharic
44.The Anuak people speak a language belonging to which language family?
A. Eastern Highland Cushitic B. Chari-Nile (Nilo-Saharan)
C. Southern Semitic D. Omotic
45.What is a distinctive feature of indigenous religions in Ethiopia?
A. Belief in multiple gods and goddesses with no supreme being
B. Focus on worshipping ancestors and natural phenomena
C. Strict adherence to a single set of scriptures
D. Rejection of any form of religious rituals or practices
46. What is the name given to the Ethiopian Jewish community?
A. Falasha B. Coptic C. Jesuit D. Waqeffanna
47. When was Christianity first introduced to Ethiopia?
A. Around 1st century AD
B. Around 330 AD
C. Around 12th century AD
D. Around 16th century AD
48. What event led to the expulsion of the Jesuits from Ethiopia in the 17th century?
A. Their success in converting large numbers to Catholicism
B. Their focus on social welfare and education projects
C. Their attempts to change Ethiopian Orthodox religious practices
D. Their collaboration with the Ottoman Empire

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49. How did Protestant missionaries attempt to spread Christianity in Ethiopia?
A. By imposing strict European religious codes
B. By using local languages and adopting familiar terminology
C. By establishing military alliances with local rulers
D. By focusing solely on converting the Ethiopian elite
50. why did the first group of Muslim refugees migrate to Ethiopia?
A. To escape persecution in Mecca
B. To spread Islam to a new land
C. To seek military assistance from the Ethiopian king
D. To establish trade relations with the Aksumite kingdom
51. What factor primarily prevented Islam from spreading to the northern Ethiopian highlands?
A. The presence of established Christian communities
B. The lack of Muslim missionaries in the region
C. The harsh climate of the highlands
D. The distance from major trade routes
52. How did Muslim merchants contribute to the spread of Islam in the Horn of Africa?
A. By conquering and converting local populations
B. By establishing trade routes and interacting with the interior
C. By building grand mosques in major cities
D. By translating Islamic texts into local languages
53. What is an example of a cultural center that developed due to the establishment of Islam in
Ethiopia?
A. The kingdom of Aksum B. The Dahlak Islands
C. The city of Harar D. The port of Zeila
54. What is the primary reason why historians are unsure about the exact location of
Punt?
A. Lack of written records from the time period
B. Absence of archaeological evidence
C. Unclear descriptions in Egyptian hieroglyphs
D. Difficulty in precisely dating ancient trade routes
55. Which one the following Genus Homo is referred the earliest human species migrate from
Africa to North Asia and Europe
A. Homo Habilis
B. Homo Erectus
C. Homo Sapiens
D. Australopithecus

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56. What event marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar?
A. The rise of Islam
B. The life and teachings of Prophet Mohammed
C. The Hejira (Prophet Mohammed's migration to Medina)
D. The death of Prophet Mohammed
57. What term refers to the submission to the will of Allah in Islam?
A. Hejira B. Caliphate C. Islam D. Mosque
58. Which historical figure is NOT associated with the expansion of Islam?
A. Prophet Mohammed B. Osman (Othman) C. Justinian D. Abbasid
59. What marked a turning point in Ottoman expansion in Europe?
A. Conquest of Constantinople
B. Capture of Adrianople
C. Defeat at the Battle of Lepanto
D. Seizing control of Anatolia
60. What was the primary function of the Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire?
A. Trade and commerce
B. Administration and bureaucracy
C. Military force and spreading Islam
D. Religious leadership
61. What was the underlying principle behind the dynastic cycle in China?
A. Power resided with the strongest military leader.
B. Right to rule came from divine approval, which could be lost.
C. Dynasties alternated between powerful and weak rulers.
D. New dynasties emerged through peaceful transitions.
62. What distinguished the development of capitalism from previous economic systems?
A. Increased investment in public works projects.
B. Focus on accumulating wealth for personal gain.
C. Emphasis on expanding production capabilities.
D. Preference for trade over manufacturing.
63. What revived trade in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire?
A. Military conquests by European rulers.
B. Rebuilding of old Roman cities and towns.
C. Discovery of new trade routes to the East.
D. Development of large-scale farming techniques.
64. What factors primarily motivated European exploration and discoveries in the 15th and 16th
centuries?
A. Religious conversion efforts in new territories.
B. Desire to bypass trade blockades and acquire riches.
C. Search for new sources of raw materials for industry.
D. Competition for political dominance over existing empires.

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65. Which explorer is credited with the first European voyage to reach the Americas?
A. Vasco da Gama B. Ferdinand Magellan
C. Christopher Columbus D. Prince Henry the Navigate
66. As a result of the industrial revolution the power of the capitalist class was
A. Weekend slightly
B. Transferred to the working class
C. Increased tremendously
D. Transferred to the landless peasants
67. In 1859 the joint forces of piedmont and France scored bloody victories over Austria
Forces at the battle of
A. Magenta and solferino
B. Sadawa
C. Nice and savoy
D. Crimean war
68. Prussia gained leadership for the unification of Germany because
A. It had a king
B. It was located in center of Germany
C. It had defeated Napoleon in 1893
D. It had a strong army and efficient government
69. At the beginning of the American civil war what were the advantage enjoyed by the south
in the fighting
A. Better generals and fought with grate determination
B. Large resources both human and material
C. Supported by European governments
D. Lack of competent commanders
70. The countries that formed the Balkan League were
A. Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria
B. Yugoslavia, Russia, Poland and Greece
C. Serbia, turkey, Greece and Macedonian
D. Georgia Serbia, Latvia and Estonia
71. Which of the following European colonial powers to take the first measures to being an
end to the “Illegitimate trade” in 1807
A. France
B. Belgium
C. Britain
D. Portugal

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72. Which one of the following is correct about the “Legitimate trade”
A. It was the trans-Atlantic slave’s trade
B. I could not bring significantly improvement to the majority of west Africa
C. Its commodities were human and slaves rather than goods
D. West African states Economically benefited and prosperous
73. One of the following did not contribute towards the partition of Africa
A. King Leopold II of Belgium conquest of the Congo-basin
B. British occupation of Egypt in 1882
C. German’s annexation of colonial territories in Africa
D. American’s involvement the scramble for Africa
74. The country that secured the largest part of Africa during its partition was
A. Britain
B. Portugal
C. Italy
D. Germany
75. One of the following was not a cause of the out brake of the Maji- Maji rebellion in east
Africa
A. The imposition of Christianity upon the Tanganyika people
B. The rebellion broke out in the hinterland of kilwa in 1905
C. It began following the imposition of heavy taxes by Germany
D. The use of forced labor in the cotton growing farm for export
76. Al-Mahdi the leader of the Mahdist rebellion in the Sudan won his first victory over the
colonial forces at the battle of
A. Darfur
B. Aba
C. Omdurman
D. Khartoum
77. Samora Tore of the Mandinka Successfully repulsed the French attach for several years,
but finally surrendered to the French force and exiled to
A. Bure
B. Cameron
C. Gabon
D. Sera Leon
78. In which west Africa countries, the French colonial policy of “assimilation” was fully
applied
A. Ivory cost
B. Benin
C. Senegal
D. Togo

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79. Which of the following was a false statement
A. The British colonial administration Indirectly rule was formulated by Fredric
Luggared
B. French followed a policy of divided and rule
C. Germany perused a colonial administration policy of direct rule like France
D. The French direct rule policy was formulated by Albert Sarrout
80. The main conductors of long-distance trade in the 19th century in Ethiopia were
A. The pirates
B. Caravans’ merchants
C. Local chiefs
D. Local traders

81. The doctrine of dispute about the observance of Saturday as a Sabbath between the house
of Abba Ewostatiwos and the house of Teklehaimanot was resolved in 1450 at the council
of?
A. Debre Metmaq. B. Debre Hayq. C. Debre Eliyas. D. Debredamo
82. The well-known slave auction Market in the 19th century during the long-distance trade in
Ethiopia were?
A. Soddo and Ankober. B. Basso and Asendabo.
C. Yejube and Abdulrusul. D. Bati and Ancharo.
83. Who was general Robert Napier?
A. The British general who sent by Ismael Phasha to negotiate peace with Ethiopia.
B. The commander of the English navy during the Bourgeoise revolution.
C. The leader of the British military expedition in Ethiopia in 1868.
D. The leader of the Catholic missionaries in the 19th century in Ethiopia.
84. Which of the following is not true about the battle of Azuli in 1886?
A. the Shoan forces had six unsuccessful military campaigns to incorporate Arsi.
B. Negus Menelik himself personally took part.
C. The well-armed Shoan forces were led by the uncle of Menilik, Ras Dargee.
D. At the end of the battle, Menilik maintained the hereditary rulers in power in the Arsi
region.
85. Which of the following combination is incorrect?
A. Tato Gaki Seroko--Gamogofa. B. Kawo Tona ..Welayta.
C. Hasen Enjamo—The people of Qebena. D. Imir Abulahi.-Harar.
86. The Dogali Victory of 1887 could be taken as?
A. the first Ethiopian victory over the Mahdists.
B. The first Ethiopian victory over the Italians.
C. The Ethiopian success of establishing good friendship with Italy.
D. The strong Egyptian resistance against Britain.

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87. Which of the following is not correct regarding to the Hiwet (Adwa treaty) of 1884?
A. Yohanes agreed to facilitate to safe evacuation of the Egyptian troops from the
Mahdist.
B. Yohanes sent his General Ras Alula to free the trapped Egyptians.
C. Britain allowed Italy to occupy Massawa.
D. The British kept their promise Massawa as a free port for Ethiopia and the return of
Bogos to Ethiopia.
88. One of the following Wallo Muslims was opposed the council of Borumeda in 1878 and
attempted to resist the forces of emperor Yohanes?
A. Imam Mohamed Ali. B. Imam Amede Liben.
C. Shekh Telha. D. Imam Ali Ibn Dawd.
89. At the council of Borumeda, Emperor Yohanes ordered all the Orthodox Christians to
follow the doctrine of?
A. Qebat (Unccion) B. Tewahedo (union)
C. Yetsega Lej (Grace) D. Catholicism.
90. The Tigran’s princes under Ras Mengesha Yohanes expressed their solidarity with the
Italians in 1891 known as?
A. the Merab convention. B. The convention of neutrality.
C. The treaty of Adwa. D. The treaty of Wuchale.
91. Which articles of the Wuchale treaty gave legal basis for the Italian colonization of
Eritrea?
A. article 3. B. article 17. C. article 5. D. article 20.
92. Who was an Italian general captured at the battle of Adwa?
A. General Albertoni. B. General Armondi.
C. General Dabromeda. D. General Barateri.
93. Which one of the following countries was not a signatory power of the tripartite
agreement of 1906 concerned Ethiopia?
A. Britain. B. French. C. Italy. D. Ethiopia.
94. Among all the measures that Lej Iyasu took the one that was considered by the Shoan
nobility to be a serious threat to their political supremacy was?
A. His friendly relation with Somalia nationalists. B. His diplomatic relation with
Germany.
C. His marriage alliance with Muslim families. D. His crowned his father Ras Mikael
of Tigray and Wallo.
95. During the Diarchy (dualism), in which battle field where Aircraft was used for the first
time in the history of warfare in Ethiopia?
A. Assem. B. Embabo. C. Anchim. D. Tora musk.
96. One of the following individuals was not collaborators (banda) of the Italians during the
1935-41. Italo-Ethiopian War?
A. Ras Haylu Teklehaimanot. B. Dejach Ayalew Biru.
C. Abba Jobir. D. Ras Desta Damtew.
97. The Schlieffen plan put in to operation during WWI was?
A. the German plan to invade Britain by Sea.
B. The German plan to win victory in the end before the West.
C. The German plan to win victory in the West before the East.
D. The French plan to reconquer Alsace and Lorain.

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 98. During WWI Germany Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria were together known as?
A. Entenete powers. B. Central powers.
C. Axis powers. D. Balkan league.
99. The peace treaty which enabled Russia to withdraw from WWI was called the treaty of
A. Brest -litovsk B.Versalliese C. Gamipoli D.Somme
100. The Munich pact of 1938 provided that Germany allowed to annex
A. Sudetan land B. Alsace and loriene C. Austria D. Albania

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