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PME 111 Properties of Reservoir Waters

The document discusses various aspects of oilfield water, including its composition, density, viscosity, and the challenges associated with water production in oil and gas wells. It highlights issues such as the environmental impact of produced water, the need for anti-scaling additives, and the complexities of oilfield water management. Additionally, it covers the thermodynamic properties of brine, including formation volume factor and solubility of gases in water.

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ZUBAID HASAN 1907026
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16 views19 pages

PME 111 Properties of Reservoir Waters

The document discusses various aspects of oilfield water, including its composition, density, viscosity, and the challenges associated with water production in oil and gas wells. It highlights issues such as the environmental impact of produced water, the need for anti-scaling additives, and the complexities of oilfield water management. Additionally, it covers the thermodynamic properties of brine, including formation volume factor and solubility of gases in water.

Uploaded by

ZUBAID HASAN 1907026
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topics

Brine composition and density


Water (brine) compressibility
Formation volume factor and Pb
Viscosity
Mutual solubility's (gas in water, water in gas)
Water Production Issues
• Oil and gas wells produce more water than oil (7 bbl/1 bbl oil in
Texas)

• Composition of co-produced water determines need for anti-


scaling additives

• Regulations limit disposal and beneficial use options

• Environmental impact
Oilfield Water Issues
• Expensive Oilfield Water Management

• Diversity of Oilfield Waters (amount, compositions)

• Corrosion, Scale Control and Plugging

• Microbiological Problems

• Water Quality for Water-flooding, Steam Injection or


Surface Disposal

• Infectivity Decline in Water Injection Wells


Composition of Oilfield Water
• Cations Na+ K + Li + Ca ++ Mg ++ Ba ++ Fe ++ Sr ++
• Anions Cl - SO4 = CO3 = CO3H - NO3 - Br - I –
• Dissolved Solids in Brines NaCl SALTS
Brine Water or Salt Water
• Formation waters have been reported with total solid
concentrations ranging from as littfe as 200 ppm to saturation,
which is approximately
• 300,000 ppm. Seawater contains about 35,000 ppm total solids.
• Parts per million refers to grams of solids per one million grams of
brine.
Bubble-Point Pressure of Oilfield Water
• Pb is the same as the Pb of the coexisting oil due to
thermodynamic equilibrium

Formation Volume Factor of Oilfield Water


- The water formation volume factor represents the change in
volume of the brine as it is transported from reservoir conditions to
surface conditions.
- The units are reservoir barrels per surface barrel at standard
conditions, res bbl/STB.
- As with the oil formation volume factor, three effects are
involved:
Formation Volume Factor of Oilfield Water
i. the evolution of dissolved gas from the brine as pressure is
reduced,
ii. the expansion of the brine as pressure is reduced, and
iii. the contraction of the brine as temperature is reduced.

Fig. 16-4. Typical shape of water formation volume factor as a


function of pressure ai constant Reservoir temperature.
Pressure and Temperature Correction To Bw

Where,
 ∆𝑉𝑤𝑝 is the change in volume during the pressure reduction
and
 ∆𝑉𝑤𝑇 is the change in volume due to the reduction in
temperature
 From Figures 16—6 and 16-7 values of give values of ∆𝑉𝑤𝑝
and ∆𝑉𝑤𝑇 can be obtained as functions of reservoir
temperature and pressure. T
Fig. 16-6. ∆𝑉𝑤𝑇 as a function of reservoir temperature.
Fig. 16-7. ∆𝑉𝑤𝑝 as a function of reservoir pressure and temperature.
Density of Oilfield Water
• The density at reservoir conditions is determined by dividing the
density at standard conditions by the formation volume factor of
the reservoir water at reservoir conditions.
The specific gravity of brine,
𝛾𝑤 , is defined as the ratio of
the density of the brine to
the density of pure water,
both taken at the same
pressure and temperature

Fig. 16-8. Effect of salinity on the density of brine.


Solubility of Natural Gas in Water

Fig. 16—9. Solubility of pure hydrocarbons in pure water.


Solubility of Natural Gas in Water

Fig. 16-10. Solubility of methane in pure water.


Solubility of Natural Gas in Water

Fig. 16—11. Effect of salinity on solubility of natural gas in water.


The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Water

Fig. 16—12, The coefficient of Isothermal compressibility of water.


The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Water

Fig. 16-13, Effect of salinity on the coefficient of isothermal compressibility of water.


The Coefficient of Viscosity of Oilfield Water
• Water viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow exerted
by water

Fig. 16-15. Typical shape of brine viscosity as a function of pressure at constant


reservoir temperature.
Solubility of Water in Natural Gas

Fig. 16-18. Moisture contents of natural gases at low pressures.


Solubility of Water in Natural Gas

Fig. 16-19. Moisture contents of natural gases at high pressures.


Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon Liquid

Fig. 16-21. Solubility of water in hydrocarbon liquids at three-phase equilibria.

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