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    Ir Sensor

    Uploaded by

    Sundari Leora
    This document describes an infrared (IR) sensor project created by Cytron Technologies. The IR sensor consists of an IR emitter and IR receiver. The IR emitter emits infrared light continuously while the IR receiver acts as a voltage divider whose output changes with the intensity of received IR light. A comparator is used to convert the analog voltage output into a digital signal. The document provides an overview of the IR sensor components and circuit, as well as instructions for assembling and testing the sensor on a breadboard without requiring programming or soldering.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ir Sensor

    Uploaded by

    Sundari Leora
    119 views4 pages
    This document describes an infrared (IR) sensor project created by Cytron Technologies. The IR sensor consists of an IR emitter and IR receiver. The IR emitter emits infrared light continuously while the IR receiver acts as a voltage divider whose output changes with the intensity of received IR light. A comparator is used to convert the analog voltage output into a digital signal. The document provides an overview of the IR sensor components and circuit, as well as instructions for assembling and testing the sensor on a breadboard without requiring programming or soldering.

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    IR SENSOR

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document describes an infrared (IR) sensor project created by Cytron Technologies. The IR sensor consists of an IR emitter and IR receiver. The IR emitter emits infrared light continuously while the IR receiver acts as a voltage divider whose output changes with the intensity of received IR light. A comparator is used to convert the analog voltage output into a digital signal. The document provides an overview of the IR sensor components and circuit, as well as instructions for assembling and testing the sensor on a breadboard without requiring programming or soldering.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    119 views4 pages

    Ir Sensor

    Uploaded by

    Sundari Leora
    This document describes an infrared (IR) sensor project created by Cytron Technologies. The IR sensor consists of an IR emitter and IR receiver. The IR emitter emits infrared light continuously while the IR receiver acts as a voltage divider whose output changes with the intensity of received IR light. A comparator is used to convert the analog voltage output into a digital signal. The document provides an overview of the IR sensor components and circuit, as well as instructions for assembling and testing the sensor on a breadboard without requiring programming or soldering.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 4

    PR4

    IR Sensor

    Version 1.1
    May 2010
    Cytron Technologies Sdn. Bhd.
    Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Cytron Technologies Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Cytron Technologies products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Cytron Technologies. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights.

    OVERVIEW
    This document describes the development of Cytron Technologies DIY (Do It Yourself) Project PR4 (IR Sensor). The objective of this project is to introduce the working principle of IR sensor. Circuit schematic is provided.

    FEATURES
    IR SENSOR Input voltage: 5VDC Sensing Range: 5cm Output signal: analog voltage Emitting element: Infrared LED

    SYSTEM OVERVIEW
    Created by Cytron Technologies Sdn. Bhd. All Rights Reserved

    ROBOT . HEAD to TOE PR4 IR Sensor

    GENERAL DESCRIPTION
    IR (Infrared) is the typical light source being used in the sensor for robot to detect opaque object. In this project, no programming, microcontroller and soldering are required.

    LM324

    IR Sensor (IR Receiver and IR Emitter)


    The basic principle of IR sensor is based on an IR emitter and an IR receiver. IR emitter will emit infrared continuously when power is supplied to it. On the other hand, the IR receiver will be connected and perform the task of a voltage divider. IR receiver can be imagined as a transistor with its base current determined by the intensity of IR light received. The lower the intensity of IR light cause higher resistance between collector-emitter terminals of transistor, and limiting current from collector to emiiter. This change of resistance will further change the voltage at the output of voltage divider. In others word, the greater the intensity of IR light hitting IR receiver, the lower the resistance of IR receiver and hence the output voltage of voltage divider will decreased. Usually the IR emitter and IR receiver will be mounted side by side, pointing to a reflective surface. The further distance away between emitter and receiver decrease the amount of infrared light hitting the receiver if the distance between the sensor and a reflective surface is fixed. Since the output voltage from voltage divider varies with the intensity of IR light, and microcontroller is not used in this project, a comparator (LM324) is used to show the changes.

    Figure 1 A LM324 consists of 4 comparators in an chip. It is used to compare voltage pairs. Each comparator has Vref+ and Vref-. Depending on the applications, user may either connect a fixed reference voltage to Vref+ or Vref-.. In this example, the output voltage from voltage divider (IR Receiver) is connected to Vref- and a preset (variable resistor) is being used to generate voltage for Vref+. Vref+ is considered as the threshold voltage for comparator output to change. If Vref- is greater than Vref+, Vout will be low (0V) and vice versa. Hence, the voltage generated by comparator output of LM324 can provide digital logic to microcontroller and in this project it is being use to drive LED.

    HARDWARE
    This project will require following hardware: a. b. c. d. e. IR Receiver IR Emitter LM324 Breadboard Other necessary components

    Please refer to component list in website for related electronic components.

    Created by Cytron Technologies Sdn. Bhd. All Rights Reserved

    ROBOT . HEAD to TOE PR4 IR Sensor

    GETTING STARTED
    IR receiver User can obtain the hardware set for this project (PR4) either by online purchase (www.cytron.com.my) or get it from Cytron Technologies Shop. No PIC microcontroller, programming and soldering required in this project. 1. Once user has the hardware set, user may start plug in the electronic components on the protoboard. Protoboard is a fundamental tool for beginner to develop their mini project, where no soldering is required. Plug the electronic components on breadboard according to the schematic. Voltage regulator 7805 is used to generate 5V from a 9V battery as power source for the circuit. Schematic is provided in Cytron website. When plug the electronic components on breadboard, ensure the components value and polarity is correct. Figure 2 shows the circuit connection on a breadboard for this project. Power indicator LED Infrared Light emitted White paper

    IR transmitter

    LED

    Figure 3

    2.

    9V

    battery

    Figure 4

    4. To ensure that IR emitter is functioning, user


    7805 voltage Figure 2 Warning: Before plug in the battery (Power), make sure the polarity is correct to prevent permanent damage to the circuit. Electrolytic capacitor mounted in wrong polarity may cause small explosion. 3. To see the working principle of IR sensor, use a plain white paper as a reflective surface. The result by moving a white paper over the top of both IR transmitter and receiver is shown in Figure 3.

    regulator

    may capture the infrared light emitted by using a digital camera or a mobile phone with camera since the infrared is beyond human vision range. There should be a pink color light source in the center of the transmitter as shown in Figure 4 if it is working. If the transmitter is working but still the result is failed, please check the other parts of circuit connection.

    WARRANTY
    No warranty will be provided as this is DIY project. Thus, user is advice to check the polarity of each electronic component before mount it onto board and powering up.

    Created by Cytron Technologies Sdn. Bhd. All Rights Reserved

    ROBOT . HEAD to TOE PR4 IR Sensor


    * Cytron Technologies reserved the right to replace the component in the list with component of the same functionality without prior notice.

    Prepared by Cytron Technologies Sdn. Bhd. 19, Jalan Kebudayaan 1A, Taman Universiti, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

    Tel: Fax:

    +607-521 3178 +607-521 1861

    URL: www.cytron.com.my Email: support@cytron.com.my sales@cytron.com.my

    Created by Cytron Technologies Sdn. Bhd. All Rights Reserved

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