Paediatric surgery qp open

1.Determine compatibility. {
= Hematocolpos:-> Collection of blood in the uterus
= Hematochezia:->Bleeding from the lower digestive tract =-> Bleeding from the upper
digestive tract
=-> Collection of blood in the abdominal cavity
=->Bleeding
}
2. Determine compatibility.
= Middle cyst of the neck arises:->From obliteration of the thyroglossal duct = Lateral cysts of
the neck arise:->From the second bronchial arch
=->From the first bronchial arch
=->From the third bronchial arch
=->As a result of malformation of the sublingual bone
}
3. Determine compatibility. {
=Lung abscess:-> Inflammatory infiltrative area and purulent exudate in the lung.
=Pneumotocele:->A thin-walled air cavity in the lung
=-> Collection of air and pus in the pleural cavity
=-> Collection of purulent exudate in the pleural cavity
=-> Total purulent infiltration of the lobe of the lung }
4. Determine radiological evidence for bacterial destruction of the lungs. {
=Purulent lobitis:-> Total darkening of lung lobe and reactive pleurisy.
=Pulmonary abscess:-> A round shape, with clear boundaries, sometimes with a fluid level and
air above it.
=->Darkening in the damaged half of the chest with displacement of the septum to the opposite
side, failure to distinguish the dome of the diaphragm and the pleural sinus.
=->Thin-walled air spaces of various sizes with clear borders in the altered lung tissue.
=->The presence of air above the horizontal fluid level in the pleural cavity, the displacement of
the cardiac shadow to the opposite side.
}
5. Determine compatibility. {
= Hypoplasia of the lung:-> Underdevelopment of the respiratory areas of the lung against the
background of numerous cystic expansions.
= Aplasia of lung:-> Presence of rudimentary main bronchus, absence of lung.
=-> One of the lobes of the lung grows sharply and increases the ventilation.
=-> Absence of lung and main bronchus.
=->A part of the lung is isolated from the bronchial system fed by an anomalous vessel, with
cystic changes
}
6. Determine radiological compliance.

{
=Congenital duodenal obstruction:-> Two fluid levels and no gas in the intestines. = Congenital
obstruction of the small intestine:-> Presence of several fluid levels and no gas below these
levels
=-> Two fluid levels and weak gas filling of intestines, upper and medial location of cecum on
contrast X-ray examination.
=-> Presence of multiple fluid levels in dilated bowel loops.
=-> Delay of contrast medium in dilated stomach from 3 to 24 hours.

}
7. Determine compatibility.
{
=Ureterocele:-> Expansion of the intramural part of the ureter in cystic form. = Megaureter:->
Total dilation of the urethra.
=-> Absence of the external opening as a result of the defect of the distal part of the urethra =-
> Complete or incomplete defect of the front wall of the urethra.
=->Retrocaval location of the ureter
}
8. Determine compliance.
{
=Meckel's diverticulum:-> It is caused by the violation of the process of obliteration of the
proximal part of the yolk-intestinal duct.
=Complete fistula of the umbilicus:-> It is caused by the violation of the complete obliteration
process of the yolk-intestinal flow.
=->Egg yolk-intestine is caused by the disruption of the obliteration process of the distal part of
the intestine
=-> Egg yolk is caused by the disruption of the obliteration process of the middle part of the
intestine.
=-> It is caused by vascular accidents of the small intestine.
}
9. Determine compatibility. {
9. Determine compatibility. {
=Achalasia:-> Narrowing of the cardiac part of the esophagus. = Pylorostenosis:-> Narrowing of
the pyloric part of the stomach.
=-> Deficiency of the cardiac parts of the esophagus
=-> Atresia of the pyloric part of the stomach.
=-> Diaphragm esophageal hiatal hernia }
10. Determine compliance.
{
=Meckel's diverticulum is characteristic:-> Bleeding from the digestive system. = characteristic
of Urachus fistula:-> Constant wetting of the navel.
=-> Bloody urine.
=-> Faecal discharge from the navel.
=->Blood vomiting

11. Determine compliance.

= During embryogenesis, it is formed as a result of disruption of the normal rotation process of

the intestine:- ˃Ledd syndrome
="Foreign type" congenital intestinal obstruction -˃Horseshoe pancreas =-˃Hirschsprung's
disease
=-˃Acute intestinal intussusception
=-˃Pierre-Robin syndrome
}
12. Determine compliance. {
= Passing and riveting of one part of the intestine into another part: - ˃Intussusception
= Obturation of the ileum with "First stool" -˃Meconeal ileus =-˃Fecal stone
=-˃Midgut torsion
=-˃Paetz-Egerts syndrome
}
13. Determine compliance. {
=Vomiting in the form of a "fountain" without a mixture of bile :- ˃ Pylorostenosis
=Atresia of the duct of frothy secretion from the mouth and nostrils in a child at birth
=-˃Pylorospasm
=-˃Esophageal achalasia =-˃Paralytic intestinal colic
}
14. Determine compliance. {
being -˃Food
=Type of obturational intestinal obstruction:- ˃ Coprostasis
= Type of strangulation bowel obstruction: -˃Combination flare bowel obstruction =-˃Encopresis

=-˃Exostosis =-˃Pertes disease

}
15. Determine compliance. {
= Contrast x-ray examination method used in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease:- ˃
Irrigography = X-ray examination method used during rectal atresia:
-˃Wangenst method =-˃Colonoscopy =-˃Duhamel-Bairov method =-˃Rectal examination

16. Determine compliance. {

=Complication of Meckel diverticulum:- ˃Intestinal bleeding =Complication of portal
hypertension:-˃Esophageal bleeding =-˃Hematocolpos
=-˃Numerous vomiting
=-˃Primary peritonitis
}
17. Determine compliance. {
=Early surgical intervention during acute hematogenous osteomyelitis:- ˃ Osteoperforation
= What is placed around for immobilization after early surgical intervention in case of acute
hematogenous osteomyelitis:-˃ Gypsum splint
=-˃Sequesrectomy =-˃Necrectomy =-˃Skeletal traction
}
18. Determine compliance.

=What is the part separated from the parent bone and necrotic during chronic hematogenous
osteomyelitis called:- ˃Sequestration
=What is the name of the part when the parent bone undergoes complete necrosis during
chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis:-˃Total sequestration
=-˃Central sequestration =-˃Aseptic necrosis =-˃Brody abscess
}
19. Define compliance. {
necrotic
=Surgical treatment of chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis:- ˃Sequestrectomy =Early surgical
intervention in acute hematogenous osteomyelitis:- ˃ Osteoperforation =-˃Osteotomy
=-˃Decompressive trepanation
=-˃Plastic of bone defect
}
20. Define compliance. {
=Deformation related to the developmental defects of the coccyx:- ˃"Gift-like" =One of the
forms related to the breastbone deformities:- ˃ =-˃Flat
=-˃Boat-like
=-˃Kyphosis }
21. Define compliance. {
=The most common parasitic cysts of the lungs:- ˃Echinococcus cyst =Congenital lung cysts:-
˃Bronchogenic cyst =-˃Enterocystoma
=-˃Wilms tumor

=-˃Dermoid cyst }
22. Define compatibility. {
= Duct that provides nutrition to the fetus:- ˃Ductus omphaloentericus ˃Uraxus
=-˃Ductus spermaticus =-˃Rectovesical fistula =-˃Wolff body
}
23. Define compliance. {
=Fetal urethra:-
=Symptom of hypertrophic congenital pylorostenosis:- ˃ "Fountain" vomiting =Pylorospasm:-
˃Frequent vomiting of small amounts
=-˃Blood vomiting
=-˃Central flare vomiting
=-˃"Empty" vomiting }
24. Determine compatibility.
{
=Treatment of Pylorostenosis:- ˃Frede-Ramstedt operation
=Treatment of pylorospasm:- ˃Antispasmolytic treatment =-˃Bianchi operation
=-˃Does not require treatment
=-˃Duhamel operation
}
25. Define compatibility.
{
=If the second stage of rotation is disturbed in embryogenesis:- ˃Ladd syndrome

=If the third stage of rotation in embryogenesis is disturbed:- ˃ "Internal fashion" =-˃Embryonic
fashion
=-˃Littre fashion
=-˃Diaphragmatic fashion
}
26. Define compliance.
{
=Diagnostic X-ray method of intussusception:- ˃Irrigography
=Diagnostic X-ray method of anus and rectal atresia :- ˃Wangenst method =-˃Excretory
urography
=-˃Fistulography
=-˃Isotope scintigraphy
}
27. Define compatibility.

=Radical operation in case of esophageal atresia:- ˃Single-stage anastomosis

= Palliative operation during esophageal atresia:- ˃Double esophagostomy =-˃End-to-side
anastomosis
=-˃Winckelmann operation
=-˃Esophagoscopy
}
28. Define compatibility.
{
=First clinical symptom of esophageal atresia:- ˃Frothy discharge from mouth and nose
= Clinical symptom of congenital esophageal stenosis:- ˃ Difficulty swallowing food =-˃Multiple
vomiting
=-˃"Fountain" vomiting
=-˃Blood vomiting

29. Define compatibility.

{
=Surgical treatment of intestinal intussusception:- ˃Desinvagination
=Surgical treatment of anus atresia:- ˃Proctoplasty =-˃Irrigography
=-˃Cheiloplasty
=-˃Nissen operation
}
30. Define compatibility.
{
=Omphalocele:- ˃Omphalocele
=Protrusion of abdominal organs as a result of malformation (without diaphragms):-
˃Gastroschisis =-˃Enterocystoma
=-˃Meckel's diverticulum
=-˃Systocele
}
31. Define compatibility.
{
=Inguinal prolapse:- ˃Non-closure of the bed protrusion of the peritoneum
=Unrelated hydrocele:- ˃Non-closure of the distal part of the peritoneal bed protrusion =-˃Non-
closure of the middle part of the peritoneal bed protrusion
=-˃Unclosure of Urakhus
=-˃Non-closure of the proximal part of the urachus
}
32. Define compatibility.
{
=Cryptorchism:- ˃Stuck in the natural descent path of the testicle
=Ectopia of the testis:- ˃Stuck of the testis outside the natural path of descent

=-˃Undeveloped testicle =-˃Absence of one testicle =-˃Swollen testicle

}
33. Define compatibility.
{
=Ledd syndrome:- ˃Disruption of the intestinal rotation process
=Meconium obstruction:- ˃Fibrocystosis of the pancreas =-˃Intestinal recanalization disorder
=-˃The presence of adhesions in the abdominal cavity
=-˃ Ringworm of the pancreas
}
34. Define compatibility.
{
=Achalasia:- ˃Continuous spasm of cardiac part
=Chalazia:- ˃Presence of cardioesophageal reflux =-˃Shortness of esophagus =-˃Presence of
fistula from trachea to esophagus =-˃Esophageal narrowing
}
35. Define compatibility.
{
=True diaphragmatic hernia:- ˃Intrusion of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity within the
hernial sac
=False diaphragm fashion:- ˃Absence of a hernia sac =-˃High location of the diaphragmatic
dome =-˃Displacement of its septum towards the pathologic process =-˃Wide esophageal
opening
}
36. Define compatibility.

{
=Hirschsprung's disease:- ˃Congenital agangliosis of the colon
= Payr's disease:- ˃ Prolapse of the transverse colon =- ˃ Congenital long colon
=-˃Secondary enlargement of the rectum
=-˃Hypomotor dyskinesia of the colon
}
37. Define compatibility.
{
=An inertogram is performed in Wanginsten's case:- ˃In rectal atresias without fistula
=Fistulography is performed:- ˃In rectal atresias with fistulas =-˃In teratomas of the umbilical
region
=-˃In atresias of the small intestine
=-˃In meconium impermeability
}
38. Define compatibility.
{
=Inguinal prolapse:- ˃Non-closure of the bed protrusion of the peritoneum
=Unrelated hydrocele:- ˃Non-closure of the distal part of the peritoneal bed protrusion =-˃Non-
closure of the middle part of the peritoneal bed protrusion
=-˃Unclosure of Urakhus
=-˃Non-closure of the proximal part of the urachus
}
39. Define compliance.
{
= Intussusception causes:- ˃ Peyerts-Egers syndrome
=Obturation causes:- ˃Phyto and trichobezoars =-˃Internal tears

=-˃Post-operative adhesions =-˃Caroli's disease

}
40. Define compliance.
{
=Treatment of cystic lymphangioma of the neck:- ˃ Cyst puncture and bleomycin
=Treatment of neck hemangioma:- ˃Treatment with Propranolol drug =-˃Cystine puncture
=-˃Antibiotic therapy
=-˃Marsupilization of cyst
}
41. Define compliance.
{
=Treatment of cystic lymphangioma of the neck:- ˃ Cyst puncture and bleomycin
=Treatment of neck hemangioma:- ˃Treatment with Propranolol drug
=-˃Cyst puncture
=-˃Antibiotic therapy
=-˃Marsupilization of cyst