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PAHAL ARTS BATCH

Climate / tyok;q DPP-02

1. What does the word ‘Monsoon’ imply? 5- if'peh fo{kksHk D;k gSa\ os Hkkjr esa 'khrdky ds nkSjku
fdu Hkkxksa esa o"kkZ djrs gSa\
2. Explain what is meant by ‘Jet Stream’.
6- *yw* 'kCn ls vki D;k le>rs gS\a
3. State three dominant characteristics of the Indian
monsoons.
7- *ekulwu foLQksV* okD;ka'k dk D;k vFkZ gS\
4. How many seasons can be recognised in India?
8- xzh"edkyhu ekulwuh o"kkZ dh rhu eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡
crkb,A
5. What are western disturbances? In what parts do
they cause precipitation during winter in India?
9- Hkkjr ds lcls BaMs fgLls dkSu ls gSa vkSj D;ksa\
6. What do you understand by the term ‘Loo’?
10- Hkkjr ds lcls xeZ Hkkx dkSu ls gSa\ mUgsa ,slk D;k
7. What is meant by the phrase ‘Monsoon Burst’? cukrk gS\

8. Give three main characteristics of summer monsoon

rainfall.

9. Which are the coldest parts of India and why?

10. Which are the hottest parts of India? What makes

them so?

1- *ekulwu* 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ gS\

2- *tsV LVªhe* dk D;k vFkZ gS le>kb;sA

3- Hkkjrh; ekulwu dh rhu çeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A

4- Hkkjr esa fdruh _rqvksa dks igpkuk tk ldrk gS\

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Answer Key
1. (Refer to sol.)
2. (Refer to sol.)
3. (Refer to sol.)
4. (Refer to sol.)
5. (Refer to sol.)
6. (Refer to sol.)
7. (Refer to sol.)
8. (Refer to sol.)
9. (Refer to sol.)
10. (Refer to sol.)
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Hints and Solutions

1. The word ‘Monsoon’ is said to be derived from the (iv) The Season of Retreating Monsoons - Mid
Arabic word ‘Mausim’ meaning season. This word September to November.
was first applied to the winds blowing over the
Arabian Sea. Monsoon implies seasonal reversal of 5. The general circulation of winds system is disturbed
the wind pattern over the year. Monsoon winds are by some atmospheric disturbances. Western
those seasonal or periodic winds which change their disturbances are low pressure systems which
direction with the season. These winds blow from originate in west Asia and the regions near
sea to land for six months during summer and from Mediterranean Sea. These travel eastwards across
land to sea for months during winter. Thus with the Iran and Pakistan and reach India during the winter
change of season the pattern of winds, temperature season. The westerly Jet stream steers these
and rainfall changes. disturbances towards India. These are active in
winter in northern India. On an average, four or five
2. Jet Streams are high velocity winds at high such depressions visit India each month. These give
altitudes. A jet stream is a narrow tubular shaped rainfall in areas of J & K, Punjab, Himachal
flow of wind along the troposphere. These have a Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. These give
velocity of 500 kms. per hour and are located at snowfall in N.W. Himalayas. The amount of rainfall
altitude of 5 to 12 kms. with an average location decreases towards the east. The rainfall is of great
between 20°S to 40°N latitudes. The Himalayas importance to the Rabi crops especially wheat. The
divide the jet stream into two parts-Northern and average rainfall varies from 20 mm to 50 mm.
Southern. Monsoons are controlled to some extent
by Easterly jet stream in winter. 6. ‘Loo’ is a local wind. It is a very hot and dry wind
which blows during the day time in Northern India.
3. The Indian monsoons have the following dominant Loo increases the dry temperatures ranging between
characteristics: 40°C and 50°C. The hot and dry winds are
(i) Change in direction of winds; Monsoons imply unbearable. These result in ‘heat wave’ causing
the seasonal reversal of the wind pattern during many deaths.
winter and summer.
(ii) Uncertain and variable rainfall leading to 7. The monsoon winds blow in south-west direction on
droughts and floods. the West coast. These are highly charged with water
(iii) Monsoons, despite regional diversities, provide vapour. It advances rapidly over West coast. The
the basic climatic unity of the subcontinent. rains begin rather suddenly in the first week of June.
This sudden onset of rain is often termed as
4. The meteorologists divide the calendar year into ‘Monsoon Burst’. The rainfall is heavily
four main seasons as recognised in Indian weather. accompanied by thunder and lightning. The rain is
(i) The Cold Weather season - December to so sudden and heavy that it appears as if a balloon of
February water has been burst.
(ii) The Hot Weather season - March to Mid June
(iii) The Rainy Season - Mid June to Mid
September.
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8. Main Characteristics: 2- tsV LVªhe {kksHkeaMy ds lkFk gok dk ,d ladh.kZ

(i) It is a seasonal rainfall. Most of the rain comes Vîwcyj vkdkj dk çokg gSA budk osx 500
in summer. fdyksehVj çfr ?kaVk gS vkSj ;s 20° nf{k.k ls 40°
(ii) The rainfall is uncertain and variable. mÙkjh v{kka'kksa ds chp vkSlr LFkku ij 5 ls 12
(iii) The amount of rain decreases away from the fdyksehVj dh Åapkà ij fLFkr gSaA fgeky; tsV LVªhe
coast. In northern plain, it decreases westward dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr djrk gS& mÙkjh vkSj nf{k.khA
up the Ganges valley, for example - Kolkata lÆn;ksa esa iwoÊ tsV LVªhe }kjk ekulwu dks dqN gn rd
119 cms, Patna 105 cms, Prayagraj 100 cms fu;af=r fd;k tkrk gSA
and Delhi 65 cms.
(iv) S.W. monsoons have ‘breaks’ or spells of dry 3- Hkkjrh; ekulwu dh fuEufyf[kr çeq[k fo'ks"krk,a gS%a
weather. The rain does not fall continuously.
¼i½ gokvksa dh fn'kk esa ifjorZu( ekulwu lÆn;ksa vkSj
(v) The intensity and amount of rain is increased
by jet stream and depressions.
xÆe;ksa ds nkSjku gok ds iSVuZ esa ekSleh cnyko
(vi) Tamil Nadu and Deccan plateau remain dry as
dks n'kkZrk gSA
these are rain shadow areas. ¼ii½ vfuf'pr vkSj ifjorZu'khy o"kkZ ds dkj.k lw[kk
vkSj ck<+ vkrh gSA
9. The Trans-Himalayan region consisting of Ladakh ¼iii½ {ks=h; fofoèkrkvksa ds ckotwn ekulwu miegk}hi
and Himachal Pradesh are the coldest part of India. dh cqfu;knh tyok;q ,drk çnku djrk gSA
The minimum temperatures of –50°C are recorded
at Dras or Kargil (Ladakh). This is due to the fact 4- ekSle foKkuh Hkkjrh; ekSle dh ekU;rk ds vuqlkj
that this place lies at a great altitude. These regions
dSysaMj o"kZ dks pkj eq[; _rqvksa esa foHkkftr djrs gSaA
get snowfall during winter and temperature remains
¼i½ 'khr _rq dk ekSle & fnlacj ls Qjojh
below freezing point.
¼ii½ xzh"e _rq dk ekSle & ekpZ ls eè; twu rd
¼iii½ o"kkZ _rq & eè; twu ls eè; flracj rdA
¼iv½ ekulwu dh okilh dk ekSle & eè; flracj ls
10. The highest temperatures are found in the western
uoacj rdA
parts of Rajasthan. Barmer is the hottest place where
summer temperatures of 50°C are recorded. The 5- dqN ok;qeaMyh; fo{kksHkksa ds dkj.k iou ç.kkyh dk
high temperatures are due to: lkekU; ifjlapj.k xM+cM+k tkrk gSA if'peh fo{kksHk
(i) This place has an inland location, and is located de ncko okyh ç.kkfy;k¡ gSa tks if'pe ,f'k;k vkSj
away from the Indian Ocean. The continental Hkweè; lkxj ds ikl ds {ks=ksa esa mRiUu gksrh gSaA ;s
effect raises the summer temperature. Ãjku vkSj ikfdLrku ls gksrs gq, iwoZ dh vksj ;k=k
(ii) Hot dusty winds - Loo raises the temperature of djrs gSa vkSj lÆn;ksa ds ekSle esa Hkkjr igq¡prs gSaA
this area. if'peh tsV LVªhe bu fo{kksHkksa dks Hkkjr dh vksj ys
(iii) The temperatures remain high due to sandy tkrh gSA ;s mÙkj Hkkjr esa 'khr _rq esa lfØ; gksrs gSaA
soils and lack of humidity. Hkkjr esa gj eghus vkSlru pkj ;k ikap ,sls volkn
vkrs gSaA ;s tEew&d'ehj] iatkc] fgekpy çns'k]
1- ,slk dgk tkrk gS fd *ekulwu* 'kCn vjch 'kCn gfj;k.kk vkSj jktLFkku ds {ks=ksa esa o"kkZ nsrs gSaA ;s mÙkj
*ekSfle* ls fy;k x;k gS ftldk vFkZ ekSle gksrk gSA if'pe fgeky; esa cQZckjh nsrs gSaA iwoZ dh vksj o"kkZ dh
;g 'kCn lcls igys vjc lkxj ds Åij pyus okyh ek=k de gks tkrh gSA jch dh Qly fo'ks"kdj xsgwa ds
gokvksa ds fy, ç;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA ekulwu dk fy, o"kkZ dk cgqr egRo gSA vkSlr o"kkZ 20 feyhehVj
rkRi;Z o"kZ Hkj esa gok ds iSVuZ esa ekSleh cnyko ls gSA ls 50 feyhehVj rd gksrh gSA
ekulwuh gok,¡ os ekSleh ;k vkofèkd gok,¡ gSa tks ekSle
ds lkFk viuh fn'kk cnyrh gSaA ;s gok,¡ xÆe;ksa ds 6- *yw* ,d LFkkuh; iou gSA ;g cgqr xeZ vkSj 'kq"d gok
nkSjku Ng eghus rd leqæ ls t+ehu dh vksj vkSj gS tks mÙkjh Hkkjr esa fnu ds le; pyrh gSA yw ls
lÆn;ksa ds nkSjku eghuksa rd t+ehu ls leqæ dh vksj 'kq"d rkieku 40°C vkSj 50°C ds chp c<+ tkrk gSA
pyrh gSaA bl çdkj _rq ifjorZu ds lkFk gokvks]a xeZ vkSj 'kq"d gok,¡ vlguh; gksrh gSaA buds
rkieku vkSj o"kkZ dk iSVuZ cny tkrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i *ghV oso* mRiUu gksrh gS ftlls dà ekSras
gksrh gSaA
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7- if'peh rV ij ekulwuh gok,¡ nf{k.k&if'pe fn'kk esa 9- Vªkal&fgeky;h {ks= ftlesa yík[k vkSj fgekpy çns'k
pyrh gSaA ;s tyok"i ls vR;fèkd vkosf'kr gksrs gSaA 'kkfey gSa] Hkkjr dk lcls BaMk fgLlk gSaA ækl ;k
;g if'peh rV ij rsth ls vkxs c<+rk gSA twu ds dkjfxy ¼yík[k½ esa U;wure rkieku &50°C ntZ fd;k
igys lIrkg esa ckfj'k vpkud 'kq: gks tkrh gSA ckfj'k tkrk gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd ;g LFkku dkQh
dh bl vpkud 'kq#vkr dks vDlj *ekulwu foLQksV* Åapkà ij fLFkr gSA bu {ks=ksa esa lÆn;ksa ds nkSjku
dgk tkrk gSA xjt vkSj fctyh ds lkFk Hkkjh o"kkZ cQZckjh gksrh gS vkSj rkieku fgekad Çcnq ls uhps jgrk
gksrh gSA ckfj'k bruh vpkud vkSj rst+ gks tkrh gS fd gSA
,slk yxrk gS tSls ikuh dk xqCckjk QwV x;k gksA
10- jktLFkku ds if'peh Hkkxksa esa lokZfèkd rkieku ik;k
8- eq[; fo'ks"krk,a% tkrk gSA ckM+esj lcls xeZ LFkku gS tgk¡ xÆe;ksa esa
¼i½ ;g ekSleh o"kkZ gSA vfèkdka'k o"kkZ xzh"e _rq esa rkieku 50°C ntZ fd;k tkrk gSA mPp rkieku dk
gksrh gSA dkj.k gS%
¼ii½ o"kkZ vfuf'pr vkSj ifjorZu'khy gSA ¼i½ ;g LFkku varnsZ'kh; LFkku ij gS] vkSj Çgn
¼iii½ rV ls nwj o"kkZ dh ek=k de gks tkrh gSA mÙkjh egklkxj ls nwj fLFkr gSA egk}hih; çHkko ls xeÊ
eSnku esa] ;g if'pe dh vksj xaxk ?kkVh rd dk rkieku c<+ tkrk gSA
?kVrh tkrh gS] mnkgj.k ds fy, & dksydkrk 119 ¼ii½ xeZ èkwy Hkjh gok,¡ & yw ls bl {ks= dk rkieku
lseh] iVuk 105 lseh] ç;kxjkt 100 lseh vkSj c<+ tkrk gSA
fnYyh 65 lsehA ¼iii½ jsrhyh feêh vkSj ueh dh deh ds dkj.k rkieku
¼iv½ nf{k.k if'pe ekulwu esa *fojke* ;k 'kq"d ekSle vfèkd jgrk gSA
ds nkSj vkrs gSaA ckfj'k yxkrkj ugÈ gksrhA
¼v½ tsV LVªhe vkSj volknksa ls o"kkZ dh rhozrk vkSj
ek=k c<+ tkrh gSA
¼vi½ rfeyukMq vkSj nôu ds iBkj 'kq"d jgrs gSa D;ksafd
;s o"kkZ Nk;k {ks= gSaA

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