MATHS LAB 20 QUES

1. Plot sine and cosine curves.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(-10, 10, 0.001)
y1 = np.sin(x)
y2=np.cos(x)
plt.plot(x,y1,x,y2)
plt.title("sine curve and cosine curve")
plt.xlabel("Values of x")
plt.ylabel("Values of sin(x) and cos(x)")
plt.grid()
plt.show()

2. Find angle between r=4(1+cost) and r=5(1-cost)

from sympy import *

r,t =symbols('r,t')

r1=4*(1+cos(t));
r2=5*(1-cos(t));
dr1=diff(r1,t)
dr2=diff(r2,t)
t1=r1/dr1
t2=r2/dr2
q=solve(r1-r2,t)
w1=t1.subs({t:float(q[1])})
w2=t2.subs({t:float(q[1])})
y1=atan(w1)
y2=atan(w2)
w=abs(y1-y2)
print('Angle between curves in radians is %0.3f'%(w))
3. Find radius of curvature r=4(1+cost) at t==pi/2

from sympy import *

t=Symbol( 't ')
r=4*(1+cos(t))
r1=Derivative(r,t).doit()
r2=Derivative(r1,t).doit()
rho=(r**2+r1**2)**(1.5)/(r**2+2*r1**2-r*r2);
rho1=rho.subs(t,pi/2)
print('The radius of curvature is %3.4f units'%rho1)

4. Prove that mixed partial derivatives Uxy = Uyx for u=exp(x)(xcos(y)-ysin(y))

from sympy import *

x,y =symbols('x y')

u=exp(x)*(x*cos(y)-y*sin(y))
dux=diff(u,x)
duy=diff(u,y)
duxy=diff(dux,y)
duyx=diff(duy,x)
duyx=diff(u,y,x)
if duxy==duyx:
print('Mixed partial derivatives are equal')
else:
print('Mixed partial derivatives are not equal')
5. If u=x+3y^2-z^3, v=4x^2yz, w=2z^2-xy
Then prove that at (1,-1,0) , J= 20

from sympy import *

x,y,z=symbols('x,y,z')
u=x+3*y**2-z**3
v=4*x**2*y*z
w=2*z**2-x*y
dux=diff(u,x)
duy=diff(u,y)
duz=diff(u,z)

dvx=diff(v,x)
dvy=diff(v,y)
dvz=diff(v,z)

dwx=diff(w,x)
dwy=diff(w,y)
dwz=diff(w,z)

J=Matrix ([[dux,duy,duz] ,[dvx,dvy,dvz] ,[dwx,dwy,dwz]]);

print("The Jacobian matrix is ")

display (J)

Jac=Determinant(J).doit()
print('\n\n J = \n')
display(Jac)

J1= J.subs([(x,1), (y,-1), (z,0)])

print("\n\n J at (1,-1,0):\n")

Jac1=Determinant(J1).doit()
display(Jac1)
6. Find maxima and minima of f(x,y) = x^2 +y^2+3x-3y+4

import sympy
from sympy import Symbol, solve, Derivative, pprint
x=Symbol( 'x')
y=Symbol('y')
f=x**2+y**2+3*x-3*y+4
d1=Derivative(f ,x). doit()
d2=Derivative(f ,y). doit()
criticalpoints1=solve(d1)
criticalpoints2=solve(d2)
s1=Derivative(f,x,2).doit()
s2=Derivative(f,y,2).doit()
s3=Derivative(Derivative(f,y),x).doit()
print('function value is ')

delta=s1*s2-s3**2

if(delta>0 and s1<0):

print(" f takes maximum ")
elif (delta>0and s1>0):
print(" f takes minimum")
if (delta<0):
print("The point is a saddle point")
if (delta==0):
print("further tests required")
7. Expand sin(x) as taylor series about x= pi/2 upto 3rd degree term. Find sin(100°)

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from sympy import *
x=Symbol( 'x')

y=sin(1*x)
format
x0=float(pi/2)
dy=diff(y,x)
d2y=diff(y,x,2)
d3y=diff(y,x,3)
yat=lambdify(x,y)
dyat=lambdify(x,dy)
d2yat=lambdify(x,d2y)
d3yat=lambdify(x,d3y)
y=yat(x0)+((x-x0))*dyat(x0)+((x-x0)**2/2)*d2yat(x0)+((x-x0)**3/6)*d3yat(x0)
print(simplify(y))
yat=lambdify(x,y)
print("%.3f" % yat(pi/2+10*(pi/180)))
def f(x):
return np.sin(1*x)

x = np.linspace(-10, 10)

plt.plot(x, yat(x), color='red')

plt.plot(x, f(x), color='green')
plt.ylim([-3, 3])
plt.grid()
plt.show()+
8. Find maclaurin series expansion of sin(X) +cos(x) upto 3rd degree term ,
calculate sin(10) +cos(10)

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from sympy import *
x=Symbol('x')

y=sin(x)+cos(x)
format
x0=float(0)
dy=diff(y,x)
d2y=diff(y,x,2)
d3y=diff(y,x,3)
yat=lambdify(x,y)
dyat=lambdify(x,dy)
d2yat=lambdify(x,d2y)
d3yat=lambdify(x,d3y)
y=yat(x0)+((x-x0)/2)*dyat(x0)+((x-x0)**2/6)*d2yat(x0)+((x-x0)**3/24)*d3yat(x0)

print(simplify(y))
yat=lambdify(x,y)
print("%.3f" % yat(10*(pi/180)))

def f(x) :
return np.sin(1*x)+np.cos(x)

x = np.linspace(-10, 10)

plt.plot(x, yat(x), color='red')

plt.plot(x, f(x), color='green')
plt.ylim([-3, 3])
plt.grid()
plt.show()
9. Solve dP(t)/dt = r

from sympy import *

init_printing ()
t,r = symbols('t,r')
P = Function('P')(t)
C1= Symbol('C1')
print("\nDifferential Equation")
DE1=Derivative(P, t, 1)-r
display(DE1)

print("\nGeneral Solution")

GS1=dsolve(DE1)
display(GS1)

print("\nParticular Solution")
PS1=GS1.subs({C1:2})
display(PS1)

10. Solve dy/dt=-ky with parajmeter k =0.3 and y(0) =5

import numpy as np
from scipy.integrate import odeint
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def model(y,t):
k=0.3
return -k*y
y0=5
t=np.linspace(0,20)
y= odeint(model,y0,t)

plt.plot(t,y)
plt.title('Solution of dy/dt=-ky; k=0.3, y(0)=5')
plt.xlabel('time')
plt.ylabel('y(t)')
plt. show()
11. Check whether system of homo
x1+2x2-x3=0, 2x1+x2+4x3=0, x1-x2+5x3=0

import numpy as np
A=np.matrix ([[1,2,-1], [2,1,4], [1,-1,5]])
B=np.matrix ([[0],[0],[0]])
r=np.linalg.matrix_rank(A)
n=A.shape [1]
if (r==n):
print("System has trivial solution")
else:
print("System has", n-r, "non-trivial solution(s)")

12. Check whether system of homo linear eqn has trivial soln
X1+2x2-x3=1 , 2x1+x2+4x3=2, 3x1+3x2+4x3=1

A=np.matrix([[1,2,-1],[2,1,4],[3,3,4]])
B=np.matrix( [[1],[2],[1]])
AB=np.concatenate((A,B), axis=1)
rA=np.linalg.matrix_rank(A)
rAB=np.linalg.matrix_rank(AB)
n=A.shape [1]
if (rA==rAB):
if (rA==n):
print("The system has unique solution")
print(np.linalg.solve(A,B))
else:
print("The system has infinitely many solutions")
else:
print("The system of equations is inconsistent")
13. Solve using gauss seidel method
20x+y-2z=17, 3x+20y-z=-18, 2x-3y+20z=25

from numpy import *

def seidel(a, x, b):
n = len(a)
for j in range(0, n):
d = b[j]
for i in range(0, n):
if (j != i):
d -= a[j][i] * x[i]
x[j] = d / a[j][j]

return x
a = array([[20.0, 1.0, -2.0], [3.0, 20.0, -1.0], [2.0, -3.0, 20.0]])
x = array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
b = array([17.0, -18.0, 25.0])
for i in range(0, 25):
x = seidel(a, x, b)

print(x)
 14. Solve by gauss seidel iteration method
x+2y-z=3, 3xy+2z=1, 2x-2y+6z=2

f1 = lambda x,y,z: (1+y-2*z)/3

f2 = lambda x,y,z: (3-x+z)/2
f3 = lambda x,y,z: (2-2*x+2*y)/6

x0, y0, z0 = 0, 0, 0

e = float(input('Enter tolerable error: '))

print('\t Iteration \t x \t y \t z\n')
for i in range(0, 25):
x1 = f1(x0, y0, z0)
y1 = f2(x1, y0, z0)
z1 = f3(x1, y1, z0)

print('%d\t%0.4f\t%0.4f\t%0.4f\n' % (i, x1, y1, z1))

e1 = abs(x0 - x1)
e2 = abs(y0 - y1)
e3 = abs(z0 - z1)

x0 = x1
y0 = y1
z0 = z1

if e1 > e and e2 > e and e3 > e:

continue
else:
break
print ('\nSolution : x=%0.3f, y=%0.3f and z= %0.3f\n'% (x1,y1,z1))

output: Enter tolerable error: 0

Iteration x y z

0 0.3333 1.3333 0.6667

1 0.3333 1.6667 0.7778

2 0.3704 1.7037 0.7778

3 0.3827 1.6975 0.7716

4 0.3848 1.6934 0.7695

5 0.3848 1.6924 0.7692

Solution : x=0.385, y=1.692 and z= 0.769

 6 −2 2
15. Compute numerically largest eigen value of p=[−2 3 −1] by power method
2 −1 3
import numpy as np
def normalize(x):
fac= abs(x) .max()
x_n = x / x.max()
return fac, x_n
x = np.array([1, 1,1])
a= np.array([[6,-2,2],[-2,3,-1], [2,-1,3]])

for i in range(10):
x = np. dot (a, x)
lambda_1, x = normalize(x)

print ('Eigenvalue: ',lambda_1)

print ('Eigenvector: ',x)

1 1 3
16. Compute numerically largest eigen value of p=[1 5 1] by power method
3 1 1
import numpy as np
def normalize(x):
fac= abs(x) .max()
x_n = x / x.max()
return fac, x_n
x = np.array([1, 1,1])
a= np.array([[1,1,3],[1,5,1], [3,1,1]])
for i in range(10):
x = np. dot (a, x)
lambda_1, x = normalize(x)

print ('Eigenvalue: ',lambda_1)

print ('Eigenvector: ',x)

17. Find GCD of (614,124)

def gcd1(a,b):
c=1
if b < a:
t=b
b=a
a=t
while (c > 0):
c = b%a
print(a,c)
b=a
a=c
continue
print('GCD =',b)
gcd1( 614,124)
 18. Prove that 163 and 512 are relatively prime

def gcd1(a,b):
c=1;
if b <a:
t=b;
b=a;
a=t;
while ( c>0):
c=b%a;
print(a,c);
b=a;
a=c;
continue
print('GCD= ',b);
gcd1(163,512)

19. Show that the linear congruence 6x≡5 (mod 15) has no soln

from sympy import gcd

a=int( input('enter integer a'));
b=int( input('enter integer b'));
m=int( input('enter integer m'));
d=gcd(a,m)
if (b%d!=0):
print('the congruence has no integer solution');
else:
for i in range(1,m-1):
x=(m/a)*i+(b/a)
if(x//1==x):
print('the solution of the congruence is ',x)
break
output : enter integer a 6
enter integer b 5
enter integer m 15
the congruence has no integer solution
 20. Find the inverse of 5 mod 13

from sympy import gcd

a=int( input('enter integer a'));
b=int( input('enter integer b'));
m=int( input('enter integer m'));
d=gcd(a,m)
if (b%d!=0):
print('the congruence has no integer solution');
else:
for i in range(1,m-1):
x=(m/a)*i+(b/a)
if(x//1==x):
print('the solution of the congruence is ',x)
break
output : enter integer a 5
enter integer b 1
enter integer m 13
the solution of the congruence is 8.0