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Losses in a Transformer

The document discusses various types of losses in transformers, including iron losses (which are further divided into hysteresis and eddy current losses), copper losses, stray losses, and dielectric losses. Hysteresis losses arise from the alternating magnetization of the core, while eddy current losses are caused by induced currents in the core material. Copper losses are linked to the resistance of the windings, and stray and dielectric losses are less significant but still impact efficiency.

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25 views3 pages

Losses in a Transformer

The document discusses various types of losses in transformers, including iron losses (which are further divided into hysteresis and eddy current losses), copper losses, stray losses, and dielectric losses. Hysteresis losses arise from the alternating magnetization of the core, while eddy current losses are caused by induced currents in the core material. Copper losses are linked to the resistance of the windings, and stray and dielectric losses are less significant but still impact efficiency.

Uploaded by

anamnawaz577
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Losses in a Transformer

There are various types of losses in the transformer such as iron losses, copper losses, hysteresis
losses, eddy current losses, stray loss, and dielectric losses. The hysteresis losses occur because
of the variation of the magnetisation in the core of the transformer and the copper loss occur
because of the transformer winding resistance. The various types of losses are explained below
in detail.
Contents:
 Iron Losses
 Hysteresis Loss
 Eddy Current Loss
 Copper Loss Or Ohmic Loss
 Stray Loss
 Dielectric Loss

Types of Losses in the Transformer

Iron Losses
Iron losses are caused by the alternating flux in the core of the transformer as this loss occurs in
the core it is also known as Core loss. Iron loss is further divided into hysteresis and eddy current
loss.

Hysteresis Loss
The core of the transformer is subjected to an alternating magnetising force, and for each cycle
of emf, a hysteresis loop is traced out. Power is dissipated in the form of heat known as
hysteresis loss and given by the equation shown below
Where
 KȠ is a proportionality constant which depends upon the volume and quality of the material of
the core used in the transformer.
 f is the supply frequency
 Bmax is the maximum or peak value of the flux density

The iron or core losses can be minimised by using silicon steel material for the construction of
the core of the transformer.

Eddy Current Loss


When the flux links with a closed circuit, an emf is induced in the circuit and the current flows,
the value of the current depends upon the amount of emf around the circuit and the resistance of
the circuit. Since the core is made of conducting material, these EMFs circulates currents within
the body of the material. These circulating currents are called Eddy Currents. They will occur
when the conductor experiences a changing magnetic field. As these currents are not responsible
for doing any useful work, and it produces a loss (I2R loss) in the magnetic material known as
an Eddy Current Loss.

The eddy current loss is minimized by making the core with thin laminations.The equation of the
eddy current loss is given as

Where,

 Ke – co-efficient of eddy current. Its value depends upon the nature of magnetic material like
volume and resistivity of core material, thickness of laminations
 Bm – maximum value of flux density in wb/m2
 T – thickness of lamination in meters
 F – frequency of reversal of magnetic field in Hz
 V – volume of magnetic material in m3

Copper Loss Or Ohmic Loss


These losses occur due to ohmic resistance of the transformer windings. If I1 and I2 are the
primary and the secondary current.R1 and R2 are the resistance of primary and secondary winding
then the copper losses occurring in the primary and secondary winding will be I12R1 and
I22R2 respectively.
Therefore, the total copper losses will be

These losses varied according to the load and known hence it is also known as variable losses.
Copper losses vary as the square of the load current.

Stray Loss
The occurrence of these stray losses is due to the presence of leakage field. The percentage of
these losses are very small as compared to the iron and copper losses so they can be neglected.

Dielectric Loss
Dielectric loss occurs in the insulating material of the transformer that is in the oil of the
transformer, or in the solid insulations. When the oil gets deteriorated or the solid insulation get
damaged, or its quality decreases, and because of this, the efficiency of transformer is effected.

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