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Cie 121 Lesson 4

This document discusses the relative equilibrium of liquids under various motion conditions, including rectilinear translation and rotation. It presents several situations involving fluid dynamics in moving vessels, detailing calculations for forces, pressures, and accelerations. The document includes practical examples and problems to illustrate the concepts of fluid behavior in accelerated and rotating systems.

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Liezel Pimentel
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29 views21 pages

Cie 121 Lesson 4

This document discusses the relative equilibrium of liquids under various motion conditions, including rectilinear translation and rotation. It presents several situations involving fluid dynamics in moving vessels, detailing calculations for forces, pressures, and accelerations. The document includes practical examples and problems to illustrate the concepts of fluid behavior in accelerated and rotating systems.

Uploaded by

Liezel Pimentel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 4

RELATIVE EQUILIBRIUM OF
LIQUID
INTRODUCTION
Under certain conditions, the particles of a f;uid mass may have no
relative motion between each other yet the mass itself may be in motion.
If a mass of fluid is moving with a constant speed (uniform velocity), the
conditions are the same as in fluid statics (as discussed in previous
chapters). But if the body is subjected to acceleration (whether
translation or rotation), special treatment is required, and this will be
discussed in this chapter.
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
(MOVING VESSEL)
HORIZONTAL MOTION
Consider a mass of fluid moving with a linear
acceleration a as shown in the figure. Considering
a particle in the surface, the forces acting are the
weight (W = Mg) and the fictitious inertia force
(reversed effective force, REF) which is equal to
Ma, and the reaction N which must be normal to
the surface.
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
(MOVING VESSEL)

Therefore; the surface and all planes of equal hydrostatic pressure


must be inclined at this angle θ with the horizontal.
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
(MOVING VESSEL)
INCLINED MOTION From the force polygon shown:
Consider a mass of fluid being accelerated
upwards at an inclination α with the horizontal so
that and .

Use (+) sign for upward motion


and (-) sign for downward
motion.
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
(MOVING VESSEL)
VERTICAL MOTION
Consider a mass of fluid accelerated upward or
downward with an acceleration of a as shown in
the figure. The forces acting at a point h below
the liquid surface are the weight of the liquid
above the point yV, the inertia force, Ma, and the
pressure force F=pA, then,
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
(MOVING VESSEL)

Use (+) sign for upward motion


and (-) sign for downward
motion.
Note: a is positive for acceleration and
negative for deceleration.
SITUATION 1
An open rectangular tank mounted on a
truck is 5 m long, 2 m wide and 2.5 m high
is filled with water to a depth of 2 m.
1. Determine the maximum horizontal
acceleration that can be imposed on
the tank without spilling any water?
2. Determine the acceleration force on
the liquid mass in kN.
3. If the acceleration is increased to 6
m/sq.s, how much water is spilled
(cu.m) out?
SITUATION 2
A closed horizontal cylindrical tank 1.5 m
in diameter and 4 m long is filled with
gasoline (s.g. 0.82) and accelerated
horizontally at 3 m/sq.s
1. Find the total force acting on the rear
wall in kN
2. Find the total force acting on the front
wall in kN
3. Find the acceleration force on the
liquid mass, in kN
SITUATION 3
A vessel 3.05 m in diameter containing 2.44 m of water is
being raised.
1. Find the pressure (kPa) at the bottom of the vessel when
the velocity is constant.
2. Find the pressure (kPa) at the bottom of the vessel when
it is accelerating 0.6 m/sq.s upward.
3. Find the pressure (kPa) at the bottom of the vessel when it
is accelerating 0.6 m/sq.s downward.
4. Find the pressure (kPa) at the bottom of the vessel when it
is decelerating 0.4 m/sq.s upward.
5. Fine the pressure (kPa) at the bottom of the vessel when it
is accelerating 0.4 m/sq.s downward.
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
(MOVING VESSEL)
ROTATION (ROTATING VESSELS)
When a liquid mass is rotated about a vertical axis at a constant angular speed of
ω (in radians per second), every particle experiences a normal acceleration of ,
which is equal to where x is the particle’s distance form the axis of
rotation. This acceleration causes an inertia force (centrifugal force or reversed
normal effective force) which is equal to or .
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
(MOVING VESSEL)
From the force polygon shown:
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
(MOVING VESSEL)
From Calculus,

Integrating both sides:


RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
(MOVING VESSEL)
For cylindrical container of radius r resolved
about its vertical axis, the height h of
paraboloid is:

Where: ω is the angular speed in radians per second.


Note: 1 rpm = π/30 rad/sec
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
(MOVING VESSEL)
In the figure, the relationship between any two points in the
parabola can is given by (squared property of parabola):
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
(MOVING VESSEL)
VOLUME OF PARABOLOID OF REVOLUTION
LIQUID SURFACE CONDITION
For open cylindrical containers more than half-full of liquid, rotated about its
vertical axis (h > H/2
LIQUID SURFACE CONDITION
For closed cylindrical containers more than half-full of liquid, rotated about its
vertical axis (h > H/2):
SITUATION 4
An open cylindrical tank 1 m in diameter and 1.6
m high contains water 1 m deep. If the tank is
rotated about its vertical axis, what speed should
have so that:
1. The water would just reach the rim of the
tank in rpm.
2. The depth of the water at the center is zero,
in rpm.
3. There is no water at the bottom within 0.3 m
from the vertical axis, in rpm.
SITUATION 5
An open cylindrical tank, 0.3 m in diameter and
0.8 m tall is filled with water and revolved about
its own vertical axis at constant angular speed.
1. What angular speed (rpm) will cause 1.4
liters if water to spill?
2. What will be the depth of water (m) in the
tank when it is brought to rest from an
angular speed if 240 rpm?
3. What angular speed (rpm) will just zero the
pressure at the bottom?
Thank you

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