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11th Lecture

The document discusses the impact of human activities and natural forces on forests, highlighting issues such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, and climate change. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable forest management and community involvement in conservation efforts, including extractive reserves and social forestry. Recommendations for saving forests include halting destruction, prioritizing public interest, and involving local communities in decision-making.

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akshatpandey0602
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13 views

11th Lecture

The document discusses the impact of human activities and natural forces on forests, highlighting issues such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, and climate change. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable forest management and community involvement in conservation efforts, including extractive reserves and social forestry. Recommendations for saving forests include halting destruction, prioritizing public interest, and involving local communities in decision-making.

Uploaded by

akshatpandey0602
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Environment and

Sustainability
How do human
activities and
natural forces
impact the forest?
What is the
impact of
deforestation?
• Exposes soil and shade species to wind,
sunlight, evaporation, and erosion
• Soil fertility goes down
• Topsoil is eroded causing siltation in dams,
rivers and costal zones
• No regulation of river flow
o Causing droughts and floods
• Biodiversity loss- particularly, migratory
birds
• Global warming
• Loss of sources- food, fuel, medicines and
livestock grazing
What is the relationship between forest and
climate change?

• Forests hold more than 50% of carbon that


is stored in terrestrial vegetation and soil
organic matter
o Deforestation leads to net CO2
emission
• Forests react sensitively to a climate
change.
• Climate change causes more forest fires
• Forests have potential to absorb about one-
tenth of global carbon emissions and store
for centuries
Roles of forest fires
• Wildfires – started by lightning
• Combustion of trees
o Frees minerals in organic matter
o Mineral-rich ashes helpful for plant
growth
• Removes plant cover and expose the soil
o Stimulate germination of seeds
• Helps to control pathogens and harmful
insects

• Intentional or accidental human induced


fire
What is sustainable forest management ?
• UN FAO defines SFM as the stewardship and use of forests and
forest lands in a way, and at a rate , that maintains their biodiversity,
productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality, and their potential to
fulfil, now and in the future, relevant ecological, economic, and
social functions, at local, national, and global levels, and that does
not cause damage to other ecosystems.
• According to FRA 2010, mixed progress towards SFM
o Significant progress has been made in further developing an
enabling framework for SFM
o A large number of forest policies and laws have been created
and updated
o National forest programmes now cover close to 75% of world's
forest
o 52% of total forest area had been designated as permanent
forest estate or its equivalent.
How can local communities be
involved in forest conservation?

• Due to population and poverty, people


migrated to forest areas
• When govt. Declare forest area as
protected area, local people was viewed
as enemies of the forest and tried to
prevent them to enter. These result illegal
use of resources and conflicts
What are extractive
reserves?

• Protected area
• Local communities are allowed
to harvest products like fruits,
nuts, oil, rubber, fibres and
medicines in ways that do not
harm the forest
• Objective is to improve the lives
of the people while conserving
the biodiversity
• Communities living in or near the forest

How are • Joint forest management and social forestry


• In JFM, local communities are involved in the planning

communities
of conservation programme. They are allowed
controlled access to the forest areas and permitted to
harvest the resources in a sustainable manner.

involved in forest in o Gurardias of the forest


o JFM were started in Indian National Forest

India?
Policy 1988 by central govt.
How are communities involved in forest in
India?
• Social forestry refers to
the planting trees,
often with the
involvement of local
communities, in
unused and fallow
land, degraded
governmental forest
areas, in and around
agricultural fields,
along railway lines,
roadsides, rivers and
canal banks, village
common land,
wasteland and
panchayat land.
o First used in 1976
What should we do to save the world's forest?
• Recommendation of 1999 report of World Commission On Forest
And Sustainable Development (WCFSD)
• Stop destruction of forest
• Use of forest resources to improve lives of poor
• Public interest first and involve people in decisions making
• Right value or forest products
Water resources

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