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2. Integration by Substitution

The document explains the method of integration by substitution, which involves changing the variable to simplify the integral for easier evaluation. It outlines a step-by-step procedure for finding the value of indefinite integrals and provides several examples with their corresponding answers. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice, emphasizing the importance of studying hard.

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guirren2006
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6 views

2. Integration by Substitution

The document explains the method of integration by substitution, which involves changing the variable to simplify the integral for easier evaluation. It outlines a step-by-step procedure for finding the value of indefinite integrals and provides several examples with their corresponding answers. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice, emphasizing the importance of studying hard.

Uploaded by

guirren2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integration by Substitution

Some integrals cannot be evaluated readily by direct application of the standard


integration formulas. The technique for evaluating such integrals leans heavily on what is
known as the method of substitution. This method that involves a change of variable, say from
x to another variable u. The purpose of substituting a new variable is to bring the problem to
a form for which a standard formula can be applied.

Procedure in finding the value of the indefinite integral.

1. Write the appropriate standard formula to be applied in evaluating the integral


problem.
2. Let u = any function of f(x), then differentiate both sides.
3. Write the problem and transform it into a form for which a standard formula can be
applied. If the problem does not transform to standard formula, repeat procedure 1
or/and 2.
4. Transform y=F(u) + C into y = f(x) + C.

( 𝑥+2)3
Example 1:∫( 𝑥 + 1)2 dx Answer: + C
3
3
2( 𝑥+5)2
Example 2:∫ √𝑥 + 5dx Answer: + C
3

𝑑𝑥
Example 3:∫ ln (𝑥𝑥 ) Answer: ln⃓ ln x ⃓ + C

𝑥3
Example 4: ∫(𝑐𝑜 2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) 𝑥 2 + 4 dx Answer: + 4x + C
3

(𝑡𝑎𝑛2 x +1)
Example 5: ∫ dx Answer: x + C
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

8 sin 2𝑥
Example 6:∫ 4 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 dx Answer: 4x + C

3
( 𝑥 2 +2𝑥)2
Example 7:∫(√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 )( x + 1) dx Answer: + C
3

4𝑥 + 6
Example 8:∫ 𝑥2 + 3𝑥+6 dx Answer: 2 ln (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 6) + C
Exercise 3

Evaluate the following indefinite integrals:

𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥
1.∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥dx Answer: +C
4

1
𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2(1+5𝑒 𝑥 )2 𝑥
2.∫ Answer: +C
√1+5𝑒 𝑥 3

2𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 −3
3.∫ Answer: +C
( 𝑥+2)4 ( 𝑥−1 )4 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥−2)3

64−𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
4.∫ 𝑥2 +4𝑥+16 Answer: 4x - 2 + C

3
2( 2−3𝑥)2
5.∫ √2 − 3𝑥dx Answer: - +C
9

3
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥2
6.∫ Answer: +C
√𝑥 3

tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
7.∫ 3 Answer: 1 + C
( 1+ln cos 𝑥)2 ( 1+ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)2

1
8.∫ cot 𝑥 (ln sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 Answer: 2 (𝑙𝑛2 sin 𝑥) + C

1
sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ( 3+4 sec 𝑥)2
9.∫ 1 Answer: 2
+ c
(3+4 sec 𝑥)2

𝑙𝑛3 ( 1+ 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑛4 (1+ 𝑥 3 )


10.∫ Answer: +c
𝑥 −2 ( 1+𝑥 3 ) 12

4𝑒 2𝑥
11.∫ 𝑒2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 Answer: ln[ (𝑒 2𝑥 + 1)2 ] + C

Study Hard Even Harder!


Exercise 4

Study Hard Even Harder!


Note: Please Refer to Differential and Integral Calculus by Feliciano and Uy for the answers
to odd number problems.

Study Hard Even Harder!

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