LASER SECURITY

SYSTEM USING
ESP8266 NODEMCU
 INDEX

CONTENTS

Numbers

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Present status in India

1.3 Novelty of the work

2 CONFIGURATION Of THE SYSTEM

2.1 Circuit diagram

2.2 Components used in the system

2.3 Working principle

3 applications of the system

3.1 advantages

3.2 Disadvantages

3.3 Applications

4 hardware implementation

5 CONCLUSION
PROJECT SUBMITTED BY :

1.ANIL KUMAR
23555A0201
2.THARUN KUMAR
23551A0206
3.K V VAMSI KRISHNA
24555A0201
 INTRODUCTION
ABSTRACT:
Laser security systems are a high tech technology
that used to be a part of home security only available to the wealthy.
It is manually switch dependent sensors and a basic alarm unit.
Laser security system a person moves in front of the motion sensor,
that person's body heat triggers the system's alarm.
The need for home security alarm systems nowadays is a serious
demand. As the number of crimes are
increasing day by day. There has to be something that will keep us
sage. We are all aware of the high and
security systems present in the market but they are not easily
available to everyone. We therefore intend to
provide a solution by constructing a cost efficient electronic system
that has the capability of sensing the motion
of the intruders and setting off the alarm. The basic idea behind this
project is that all the bodies generate some
heat energy in the form of infrared which is invisible to human eyes.
But it can be detected by electronic motion
sensor.
Keywords: Node MCU, sensor, LDR
Today world need of security is the
basic necessity of any individual. The feeling that we are safe and
everything around us all right is imperative for a peaceful living.
Now a day’s unsafe world, when crime, terror and threats are on
their peak, how can one achieve that sense of security?
New trending laser security system
provides us with a solution and for this reason many people are
installing them in order to stay safe and secure.
 A variety of electronic security
systems can be used at home and other essential working places
for security and safety purposes.
Laser Security alarm is a device
used for security purposes.It has a broad application in fields of
security and defense opening from the security of simple house
hold material to a very high esteemed material of an organization.
Owing to cost cutting and fast
technological advancements, this form of security system is
becoming more practical Lasers differ from other light sources in a
few significant ways.
There are two features that are
important for security systems. Unlike a light bulb or flashlight, laser
light doesn't spread out, it is a narrow beam. And laser light is
basically a single color.
Because laser light doesn't spread much, it can be sent it a long
way and still have enough energy in a small area to trigger the
security system detector.Since it's a single wavelength, it can put a
jamming filter on the detector to let laser light through without
leasing conditions light onto the detector.
Laser light travels in a directly line.
For instance, to protect the front of the yard, putting the laser at one
comer and the detector at the other corner would do the job .That's
not a very practical design, though. More typically, if it is needed to
protect the perimeter of atom, or at least the enhances. So laser
security systems start with a laser pointing to a small mirror
CONFIGURATION OF THE SYSTEM:
COMPONENTS USED IN THE SYSTEM :
1.NODEMDU ESP8266 MODULE

The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with a

built-in microcontroller, commonly used in Internet of Things (IoT)
applications. It's developed by Espressif Systems and is popular for
projects requiring wireless connectivity due to its small size, ease of
use, and affordability. The ESP8266 is typically used for simple Wi-
Fi-enabled devices like home automation systems, remote
monitoring, and sensor networks.
Key features of the ESP8266:
Wi-Fi Connectivity: It can connect to Wi-Fi networks and
communicate over the internet.
Microcontroller: It has a built-in processor (Tensilica Xtensa) that
can run code, making it programmable.
Low Power Consumption: It’s designed to consume very little
power, making it suitable for battery-powered projects.
GPIO Pins: The ESP8266 offers several general-purpose
input/output (GPIO) pins for connecting sensors, relays, and other
peripherals.Development Environment: It can be programmed using
the Arduino IDE or other platforms, which makes it accessible for
both beginners and advanced users. Cost-Effective: The
boardinexpensive, which makes it a popular choice for prototyping
and hobby projects.
There are several development boards that feature the ESP8266,
such as the NodeMCU and Wemos D1 mini, which come with USB
connectors, making it easier to interface with a computer for
programming.

2.BREAD BOARD

A breadboard is a versatile tool used in the prototyping and

testing of electronic circuits, and in a laser protection security
system, it can serve several important functions:Simulating Security
System Features: During the development of a laser protection
system, the breadboard can be used to simulate various features,
such as laser beam interruption, triggering alarms, or activating
visual indicators like LEDs. This allows developers to verify that
each part of the system is functioning as intended before moving on
to a final build.Integrating Components: In some cases, the
breadboard might be used to integrate various parts of the system,
such as connecting a laser sensor to a microcontroller, or linking a
buzzer to an alarm circuit. It helps ensure that all the components
can be interconnected properly before the final setup is made on a
more permanent circuit board.
3.LASER MODULE

A laser sensor module is an electronic

device that uses laser technology to detect objects, measure
distances, or monitor specific parameters in its environment. These
sensors typically operate by emitting a laser beam and detecting
the reflection or interruption of the beam. Depending on the
sensor's design and purpose, it can measure various parameters
like distance, speed, or position with high precision.
4.RESISTOR(100 Ohm):

100 ohm resistors are used in many electronic circuits,

including consumer electronics, automotive electronics, and
industrial control systems. They are used for a variety of purposes,
such as limiting current, dividing voltage, and protecting circuits.
Uses in consumer electronics Biasing amplifiers and oscillators,
Scaling voltage ratios for feedback and instrumentation, Wave-
shaping and timing elements, and Protecting signal lines from ESD
damage. Uses in automotive electronics Sensor interfacing, Signal
termination, Isolation, LED current control for interior lighting, and
Surge protection of data communication buses.Uses in industrial
control Interfacing with analog sensors like strain gauges Signal
termination in PLC (programmable logic controller) systemsPull
up/down resistors for digital logic circuitsTime constant components
for monostable timersOther uses Breadboard prototyping, Pull-up
and pull-down resistors, and Current limiters. 100 ohm resistors are
durable and versatile, making them a preferred choice for engineers
and technicians.
You can identify a 100 ohm resistor by its
color code, which is brown-black-brown-gold for a four band
resistor, or brown-black-black-black-gold for a five band resistor.
 5. LED BULB:

In a laser protection security system, LED

bulbs are often used as part of an alert or visual indicator
mechanism. They may serve the following roles:

Warning Indicator: LED lights can be

integrated into the system to alert personnel or security staff when a
laser beam is being tampered with, or when an intruder triggers a
laser-based security sensor. The LEDs will glow or flash, providing
a clear, immediate visual warning.

Signal for Laser Detection: LEDs can

act as part of the detection system. For example, when a laser
beam is interrupted or detected, an LED may turn on, signaling the
presence of an object in the laser’s path. This is especially useful in
perimeter security systems
7. LASER MODULE 650nm

Discover a wide selection of Laser

Modules in our dedicated category. We offer various types of laser
modules, including the 650nm cross-red line, straight line, and laser
dot modules. These modules emit a visible red laser beam with a
wavelength of 650nm, ensuring clear visibility.

The cross-red line module creates a

crosshair pattern, making it useful for alignment and positioning
tasks. The straight-line module projects a single, precise laser line,
perfect for applications that require accuracy. If you need to pinpoint
specific targets, the laser dot module emits a focused laser dot.
8.JUMPER WIRES

A jumper wire is an electric wire that

connects remote electric circuits used for printed circuit boards. By
attaching a jumper wire on the circuit, it can be short-circuited and
short-cut (jump) to the electric circuit

Though jumper wires come in a variety of colors, the colors don’t

actually mean anything. This means that a red jumper wire is
technically the same as a black one. But the colors can be used to
your advantage in order to differentiate between types of
connections, such as ground or power.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
Working Principle:

1. Laser Beam Transmission

A laser module emits a continuous laser beam towards an
LDR/Photodiode placed at a fixed position.
2. Light Detection by LDR/Photodiode:
When the laser beam continuously falls on the LDR, it has low
resistance, and the voltage across it remains at a preset threshold.
3. Beam Interruption Detection:
If an object or person crosses the laser beam, the LDR resistance
increases, causing a voltage change at the analog input of the
ESP8266.
4. Microcontroller Processing (ESP8266):
The ESP8266 reads the voltage level from the LDR.
If the voltage crosses a threshold (indicating an interruption), it
triggers an alarm or sends an alert.

5. Alert Mechanism:
The ESP8266 can activate a buzzer, send a notification via WiFi
(using MQTT or Firebase), or turn ON a relay to trigger another
system (e.g., CCTV, siren, etc.).
 laser security system uses a laser beam to detect unauthorized
entry into a protected area. The system works by sending a laser
beam through the air, and then detecting when the beam is blocked
by an object. When the beam is blocked, the system activates an
alarm.
1.A laser emits a narrow beam of light
2.The beam travels through the air until it hits an object
3.The object reflects the beam back to a detector
4.The detector measures the amount of light that reflects back
5.If the amount of light changes, the detector triggers an alarm
Components
1.Laser: A concentrated light source that emits a single color of light
2.Detector: A light-sensitive device that outputs a voltage when it
light
3.Sensing electronics: A device that detects changes in the voltage
output from the detector and activates an alarm
While a laser security system using ESP8266 has many
advantages, it also comes with some disadvantages:
ADVANTAGES :
1. Wireless Connectivity
The ESP8266 provides Wi-Fi capabilities, allowing remote
monitoring and alerts through the internet.
Can be integrated with IoT platforms like Blynk, MQTT, or Firebase
for real-time notifications.
2. Low Cost and Energy Efficient
ESP8266 is affordable compared to traditional security systems.
Consumes low power, making it suitable for battery-powered
applications.
3. High Accuracy and Fast ResponseLaser-based detection is
highly precise and can detect even minor interruptions.
Fast response time ensures immediate action in case of intrusion.
4. Easy Integration and Automation
Can be integrated with smart home systems (Alexa, Google
Assistant)
Allows automation using IFTTT to trigger alarms, lights, or
notifications.
5. Scalable and Customizable
Can be expanded to multiple laser sensors for full-area security.
Can be customized to send SMS alerts, emails, or push
notifications.
6. Works in Various Conditions
Unlike motion sensors, laser security systems are not affected by
temperature or humidity.
Ideal for both indoor and outdoor security applications.
7. Simple Circuit and Maintenance
Uses basic components like ESP8266, LDR (Light Dependent
Resistor), and a laser diode.
Minimal maintenance required compared to CCTV or infrared
sensors.
DISADVANTAGES :
1. Line-of-Sight Dependency: The laser beam must have a clear,
uninterrupted path between the transmitter and receiver.Any
physical obstruction (dust, smoke, or objects) can cause false
alarms.
2. Sensitivity to Environmental Factors:Bright sunlight or artificial
lights may interfere with the laser detection.
In outdoor applications, fog, rain, or dust can reduce accuracy.
3. Power Supply Requirement : The ESP8266 requires a stable
3.3V power supply; fluctuations can cause connectivity issues.
Battery-operated systems may require frequent charging or a
backup power source.
4. Wi-Fi Reliability Issues: If Wi-Fi is unstable, remote monitoring
and alerts may fail.Requires a good internet connection for IoT-
based notifications.
5. Limited Detection Range:The range of the laser depends on its
power and alignment.Long-distance detection may require high-
power laser diodes, which can be unsafe for direct exposure.
6. Alignment and Calibration Challenges :Precise alignment of the
laser and LDR (or photodiode) is necessary for reliable
detection.Over time, vibrations or environmental changes may
misalign the system, requiring recalibration.
7. Security Vulnerabilities: ESP8266 can be vulnerable to hacking if
not properly secured.If an intruder knows the system, they may
bypass it by redirecting the laser with a mirror.
8. Limited Functionality in Complex Security: Needs Cannot
differentiate between authorized and unauthorized intrusions like
RFID-based systems.
APPLICATIONS: Applications of Laser Security System Using
ESP8266

A laser security system with ESP8266 can be used in various fields

due to its wireless connectivity, real-time alerts, and IoT integration.
Here are some key applications:

1. Home and Office Security

Protects doors, windows, and perimeters from unauthorized entry.

Sends instant alerts via Wi-Fi to a mobile app or email.

Can be integrated with CCTV cameras for enhanced surveillance.

2. Industrial and Warehouse Security

Secures factories, warehouses, and restricted zones from intruders.

Detects unauthorized access to machinery and storage areas.
Can be linked to alarms, lights, or sirens for immediate response.

3. Bank and ATM Security

SPECIFICATIONS :
ESP8266 NODEMDU
1. General Specifications

Microcontroller: Tensilica Xtensa LX106 (32-bit)

Clock Speed: 80 MHz (can be overclocked to 160 MHz)

Operating Voltage: 3.3V

Power Consumption: ~80mA (varies with Wi-Fi usage)

Flash Memory: 512 KB to 4 MB (varies by model)

SRAM: 32 KB for instructions + 80 KB for data

2. Wi-Fi Capabilities

Standard: 802.11 b/g/n (2.4 GHz)

Modes: Station (STA), Soft Access Point (AP), and both (AP+STA)

Encryption: WPA/WPA2
Max Connections: 5 (SoftAP mode)

3. GPIO and I/O Features

GPIO Pins: Up to 17 (depending on module type)

ADC (Analog Input): 1 channel (10-bit resolution, 0–1V input)

PWM: Supported on all GPIOs

I2C, SPI, UART: Available for communication with other devices

4. Power and Energy Efficiency

Deep Sleep Mode: ~10µA (ultra-low power)

Light Sleep Mode: ~0.5mA

Modem Sleep Mode: ~15mA

5. Popular ESP8266 Modules

ESP-01: Basic version, 2 GPIOs, small size

ESP-12E/F: More GPIOs, used in NodeMCU boards

NodeMCU: Development board with built-in USB-to-Serial

CONCLUSION:
The ESP8266-based laser security system is an efficient, low-cost, and easy-
to-deploy solution for intrusion detection and automation. It provides wireless
monitoring, fast response time, and low power consumption, making it ideal
for home security, industrial safety, and IoT applications. However, its line-of-
sight dependency, environmental sensitivity, and Wi-Fi reliability issues need
to be addressed for improved performance.

Future Scope

1. AI & Machine Learning Integration

Implementing AI-powered motion detection to differentiate between real
threats and false alarms.
Using machine learning to analyze intrusion patterns and optimize security.

2. Advanced Communication Protocols

Adding LoRa, Zigbee, or Bluetooth for better connectivity in remote areas.
Integrating with 5G networks for faster and more reliable alerts.

3. Multiple Sensor Integration

Combining PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors with lasers for enhanced detection.
Using CCTV cameras with ESP8266 for real-time image capture.

4. Cloud-Based Security Monitoring

Storing event logs in cloud databases for remote access and analysis.
Enabling real-time notifications via IoT platforms like Blynk, Firebase, or AWS
IoT.

5. Self-Powered Security Systems

Integrating solar-powered ESP8266 modules for uninterrupted operation.
Using energy-harvesting techniques to extend battery life
6. Smart Home & Industrial Automation
Integrating with Alexa, Google Assistant, or IFTTT for smart home
applications.
Using ESP8266-based automation to trigger alarms, lights, or door locks.