NOUN

A noun is a part of speech that names a person, place, thing, idea, action or quality.

PRONOUN
A pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase. Pronouns refer to either a noun that has
already been mentioned or to a noun that does not need to be named specifically. The main
possessive pronouns are mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs..

VERB
A word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a
sentence, such as hear, become, happen, etc.

ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns: enormous, doglike, silly, yellow,
fun, fast. They can also describe the quantity of nouns: many, few, millions, eleven.
What is a Part of Speech?
We can categorize English words into 9 basic types called "parts of speech" or "word classes". It's quite
important to recognize parts of speech. This helps to analyze sentences and understand them. It also helps to
construct good sentences.

part of function or "job" example words example sentences

speech

Verb action or state (to) be, have, do, like, EnglishClub is a web site.
work, sing, can, must I like EnglishClub.

Noun thing or person pen, dog, work, This is my dog. He lives in my house.
music, town, London, We live in London.
teacher, John

Adjective describes a noun good, big, red, well, My dogs are big. I like big dogs.
interesting

Adverb describes a verb, quickly, silently, well, My dog eats quickly. When he
adjective or adverb badly, very, really is very hungry, he eats really quickly.

Pronoun replaces a noun I, you, he, she, some Tara is Indian. She is beautiful.

Preposition links a noun to another to, at, after, on, but We went to school on Monday.
word

Conjunction joins clauses or and, but, when I like dogs and I like cats. I like
sentences or words cats and dogs. I like dogs but I don't like
cats.

1
 part of function or "job" example words example sentences
speech

Interjection short exclamation, oh!, ouch!, hi!, well Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How are
sometimes inserted into you? Well, I don't know.
a sentence

Parts of Speech Examples

Here are some examples of sentences made with different English parts of speech:
verb

Stop!

noun verb

John works.

noun verb verb

John is working.

pronoun verb noun

She love animals.

s

nou verb noun adverb

n

Tara speaks Englis well.

h

noun verb adjective noun

Tara speak good English.

s

pronoun ver preposition determine noun adverb

b r

She ran to the station quickly.

pron. verb adj. noun conjunction pron. verb pron.

2
 She likes big snake but I hate them.
s

QUIZ
1. I bought a beautiful dress at the mall.
preposition
adjective
noun
2. What did she ask you to do?
conjunction
preposition
pronoun
3. I left my shoes under the kitchen table.
adjective
preposition
pronoun
4. If we finish our work quickly we can go to the movies.
adverb
conjunction
verb
5. On Saturdays I work from nine to five.
verb
preposition
adverb
6. I want to go to a university in the United States.
adjective
preposition
noun
7. I'm sure I've met your girlfriend before.
verb
preposition
interjection
8. Well, I don't think I'll be home before 6.

3
 interjection
preposition
pronoun

9. Andy knocked on the door but nobody answered.

adverb
adjective
conjunction
10. After lunch let's go out for a coffee.
pronoun
preposition
verb

TENSE

Tense is the form of a verb that shows the time something happened, or is going to happen.

Verb Tenses

Verbs come in three tenses: past, present, and future.

The past is used to describe things that have already happened (e.g., earlier in the day, yesterday, last week, three years ago).

The present tense is used to describe things that are happening right now, or things that are continuous.

The future tense describes things that have yet to happen (e.g., later, tomorrow, next week, next year, three years from now).

The following table illustrates the proper use of verb tenses:

Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future

I will read as much as I can this year.

I read nearly every day. Last night, I read an entire novel.

Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous

I am reading Shakespeare at the I will be reading Nathaniel Hawthorne soon.

I was reading Edgar Allan Poe last night.
moment.

Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

I have read so many books I can’t keep I had read at least 100 books by the time I was
count. twelve. I will have read at least 500 books by the end of the

4
 year.

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous

I have been reading since I was four I had been reading for at least a year before my I will have been reading for at least two hours before
years old. sister learned to read. dinner tonight.

Simple present and present continuous

a) I work from 9am to 5pm ( s.p)
I’m currently working on a new project.
b) Mark studies English every day.
Mark is studying English these days.

c) They always talk to their boss in the morning.

They are talking to him now.

d) Does it usually rain in the winter?

No, but it’s raining now. Take an umbrella.

These words can help you know if the sentence needs simple present or present continuous.

SIMPLE PRESENT PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Always Now
Usually Right now
Often At the moment
Sometimes Currently
Never This (week/month/year)
Every day (day/night/year/summer/winter) Today

1) Amanda and Oscar always _______ to the gym.

a) go b) are going

2) Rita ____________how to ride a bike.

a) Doesn’t know b) isn’t knowing

3) How often_______ your house?

a) Do you clean b) are you cleaning

4) Cousin never _______ me a birthday present.

a) Gives b) is giving

5) My colleagues normally _______ lunch in the office.

a) Don’t eat b) aren’t eating
5
6) How many children _______ ?
a) Do you have b) are you having

7) Please turn down the music ________ to study.

a) I’m trying b) I try

8) Where’s mom?
“ _________ a shower”
a) She’s taking b) she takes

9) “ Yes , I can talk now ________”.

a) I’m not driving b) I don’t drive

10) Jane is cold because _________ a jacket.

a) She’s not wearing b) she doesn’t wear.

11) Watch out !your son ________ into the street !

a) Is running b) runs

12) My husband ______ tennis three times a week .

a) Plays b) is playing

13) “ where _______?”

“ To my grandmother’s house – see you later !”
a) Are you going b) do you go?

14) “ What _______?”

“ She’s baking a cake”.
a) She’s doing b) she does

15) He normally _________ every weekday , but today ________ because it’s a holiday.
a) Works / he’s not working
b) Working / he doesn’t work
c) Work / he not working.