WRITING

TASK 1,2 (VOL 1)

Giới thiệu
Mind-map IELTS Writing task 1,2 là ấn phẩm được đội ngũ chuyên gia luyện thi
IELTS tại hệ thống Trung Tâm Anh Ngữ WISE English biên soạn với mục đích giúp
người học nắm được một cách bao quát về toàn bộ lượng kiến thức CẦN PHẢI CÓ
về kĩ năng IELTS Writing. Đồng thời, tài liệu cũng cung cấp nhiều phương án để luyện
tập hoặc ôn lại trực tiếp thông qua Mind-map. Nội dung chính của sách là toàn bộ
lượng kiến thức được minh hoạ dưới dạng các Mind-map bao gồm:

 Các ví dụ mẫu theo từng chủ đề

 Các công thức/cấu trúc câu thường gặp
 Các chiến thuật/công thức làm bài IELTS Writing
 Các dạng bài thường gặp theo thừng chủ đề và ví dụ

Mind-map IELTS Writing task 1,2 là sản phẩm trí tuệ của đội ngũ chuyên gia luyện
thi IELTS tại hệ thống Trung Tâm Anh Ngữ WISE English. Các hành vi sao chép dưới
mọi hình thức mà không có sự đồng ý bằng văn bản từ phía hệ thống Trung Tâm
Anh Ngữ WISE English đều là những hành vi vi phạm bản quyền và luật sở hữu trí
tuệ.

1
Hướng dẫn sử dụng sách
Để sử dụng tài liệu đạt hiệu quả cao nhất, người đọc nên tuân theo các bước sau:

Bước 1: Đọc kĩ phần tổng quan

(task 1) hoặc chiến lược/công
thức (task 2) để nắm nội dung
tổng thể

Bước 2: Đọc các ví dụ theo

từng chủ đề (task 1) hoặc cấu
trúc câu (task 2) để nắm được
các phương pháp viết bài

Bước 3: Tìm các bài mẫu có

chủ đề tương tự và áp dụng
những nội dung vừa học

2
 answer the given questions a. Task achievement:

your writing makes sense, logically b. Coherence and cohesion:

organised.
MARKING CRITERIA

use a wide range of vocabulary accurately, spell c. Lexical resource:

correctly

use many different sentence structures, error-free d. Grammatical range and accuracy:
sentences.

One sentence. Paraphrase the 1st paragraph: Introduction

question

the overall trend, smallest numbers and compare the 2nd paragraph: Overview
biggest changes
Outline

describe the details 3rd + 4th paragraph: Body

a report of 150 words in 20 minutes

The Chart/ graph/ table shows/ indicates/ illustrates

the amount of / the number of…/ the proportion of... WRIT ING TASK 1
GENERAL INFORMATION / HOW
OVERVIEW
TO WRITE AN INT RODUCTION

the number of visitors "the number of + plural noun"

"the amount of + uncountable noun" Change introductory expressions

the amount of money

"the proportion of + countable/ uncountable

the proportion of people nouns"

the figure for visitors to the UK "the figure for + plural noun"

ATTENTION

Best friend
TECHNIQUES TO WRITE AN
a group of words without a subject and a verb A phrase INTRODUCTION

Needing help
Difference between Phrase and Clause

She is hungry.

a group of words with a subject and a verb. A clause

I am feeling well today

Introduction: The bar charts show data about Question: T he graphs below give information
computer ownership as a percentage of the about computer ownership as a percentage of
population between 2002 and 2010, and by level of the population between 2002 and 2010, and by
education for the years 2002 and 2010. level of education for the years 2002 and 2010

Example: the graph gives information about how

many people were employed in India..

using “HOW + clause ”

Example: The graph shows how much money

was earned by three bakeries in London.

Paraphrasing

Example: The number of peope smoking in number of = quantity of

Vietnam is so high in 2022

Example: Spending on appliances nowadays

spending = expenditure
expriences an upward trend

Example: The percentage of people playing video rate = percentage

games in Vietnam is dropping

using synonyms
Example: The proportion of boys playing video ratio = proportion
games in Vietnam is dropping

Example: The number of games increased during a change = increase, decrease

period of 10 years

Example: Our company is leading the market share share = portion

Example: The restaurant is placed in the corner of place = site

the park

Example: The table shows consumption rates from

2001 to 2004.

from 1985 to 1995 = between 1985 and 1995

in 1985 = in the year 1985
in 1985 and 1995 = in 1985 and 1995 respectively

Example: The graph shows consumption rates in

2012 and 2015 respectively.

3
 Now it’s obvious that:
• Sweden experienced a downward trend
• Finland experienced an upward trend
• both countries showed fluctuations
• Initially Finland had a lower rate, but in 2015
Finland outraced Sweden

Bar graph

Example: Overall, Sweden experienced a

downward trend, while Finland showed an upward
trend throughout the period. Both countries’ divorce
rates had some fluctuations. Although Finland
initially had a lower rate, it outraced Sweden at the
end of the period.

Analysis:
- The number of households who own cars generally
went up from 1971 to 2007.
- Household with two cars showed a big increase.
- The number of households without a car went down

Line graph

Any significant difference from the general trend?

Example: Overall, car ownership in Britain

increased between 1971 and 2007. In particular, the The highest and lowest items overall?
number of households with two cars rose, while the
number of households without a car fell.
What do the data do from the start to the finish?

Dynamic chart
Do they generally go up or down or do they
fluctuate?

Analysis Overview
- The data fluctuate but generally increase over the It is clear that the proportion of elderly people
EXAMPLE periods. increases in each country between 1940 and 2040.
There are two main options to describe key - Japan shows the biggest change in elderly Japan is expected to see the most dramatic changes
features of the pie chart population. in its elderly population
a. find the biggest and smallest slices of each pie
chart
b. find which slices became bigger/smaller or didn't Selecting features
change

Pie chart
Any significant difference from the general trend?
Example: It is clear that overall customer
satisfaction increased considerably from 2005 to Any similarities?
2010. While most hotel guests rated customer
service as satisfactory or poor in 2005, a clear
What are the most noticeable differences?
majority described the hotel’s service as good or
excellent in 2010.
What are the highest/lowest values?

Static chart Any significant exceptions?

Analysis:
Now it’s obvious that: Overview
Overview for each type OVERVIEW The most noticeable difference: the UK spent more
- Food/Drinks/Tobacco has the highest percentage Overall, the UK spent more money on consumer
money on consumer goods than France
of consumer expenditure goods than France in the period given. Both the
Similarities and the highest values: Both the British
EXAMPLE British and the French spent most of their money on
- The leisure/education category has the lowest and the French spent most of their money on cars
percentage in the table cars whereas the least amount of money was spent
The lowest values: People in the UK spent the least
on perfume in the UK compared to cameras in
amount of money on perfume. French people spent the
France.
least amount of money on camera.
Table

Example: It is clear that the largest proportion of

consumer spending in each country went on food,
drinks and tobacco. On the other hand, the
leisure/education category has the lowest Don't put any numbers in your overview
percentages in the table.

It is clear from the graph/ table that…

It can be seen from the graph/ table that…

Technique
Start your overview with a simple phrase As the graph/ table shows,

As is shown by the graph/ table,

Example: It can be seen that the most significant

feature is that oil production will increase sharply
among the countries shown.

If the task is to describe a process diagram, you can

mention the total number of stages in the process and say Write two/three sentences
where or how the process begins and ends.

Process

Example: There are four stages in the process,

beginning with the collection of information about
the weather. This information is then analysed,
prepared for presentation, and finally broadcasted
to the public

If the task is to describe a map, you state how many

changes were made, summarise what type of
changes they were (e.g. three changes: parking, bus
stops, roundabouts)

Map
Example: It is clear that the village grew as the
transport infrastructure was improved. Four periods
of development are shown on the map, and each of
the populated areas is near to the main roads, the
railway or the motorway.

4
Example: The price of oil has fallen by $5 a barrel Present Perfect
every week since July

Example: Oil prices have been decreasing

since July. Present Perfect Continuous

TENSES

Example: The price of oil will have reached $300 LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE TRENDS
Future Perfect
a barrel by 2020.

Example: The price of oil fell from $150 in Jan

2014 to $50 in Jan 2015. Past Simple

considerably/ dramatically/ gradually/ marginally/ negligibly/ rapidly/

remarkably/ sharply/ significantly/ / slightly/ steadily/ strikingly

DYNAMIC
Verbs and adverbs
CHARTS

SUBJECT + VERB + ADVERB Example: The price of oil rose gradually

Example: There was a gradual rise in the price of

There + was/ were + adj + N + in + noun phrase oil.

Adjectives and nouns

Example: The price of oil witnessed a sharp drop

S + witnessed/ saw/ observed/ underwent + adj + N from 2000 to 2008.
MODEL ANSWER

at / between /on / in / by / from - to/ of/ over / Example: There was an increase in the
Common prepositions
during population after 1998

Using prepositions correctly

The line graph compares the percentage of people

aged 65 or more in three countries over a period of
100 years. Prepositions for date / time ranges in / over / during / between / at. Example: Car production increased sharply
It is clear that the proportion of elderly people between 2010 and 2012.
increases in each country between 1940 and 2040.
Japan is expected to see the most dramatic changes
in its elderly population.
In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or
over, compared to about 7% of Swedish people and
5% of Japanese people. The proportions of elderly
people in the USA and Sweden rose gradually over
the next 50 years, reaching just under 15% in 1990.
By contrast, the figures for Japan remained below
5% until the early 2000s.
Looking into the future, a sudden increase in the
percentage of elderly people is predicted for Japan,
with a jump of over 15% in just 10 years from 2030
to 2040. By 2040, it is thought that around 27% of
the Japanese population will be 65 years old or
more, while the figures for Sweden and the USA
will be slightly lower, at about 25% and 23%
respectively.

5
 Leopards are faster than tigers.
busier
Comparatives (compare 2 things) -er

more comfortable
more/less

The leopard is the largest of the four big cats.

Superlatives (compare one thing against a group of the + adjective + -est/-iest the busiest
others)
The most/ the least + adjective The most comfortable
higher

Graph with a single time frame (one year, one

Words with one syllable high
month) or have no time reference

the highest
describe how things are similar or different, bigger
or smaller
GENERAL INFORMATION
more productive/ less productive
Words with two syllables
can be bar charts, pie charts or tables productive
or
more
the most productive/ the least productive

wealthier
Words ending in –y wealthy
the wealthiest

hotter
Short words ending with a hot
consonant/vowel/consonant The hottest
the percentage/proportion of women in the
workforce has risen

better
PERCENTAGE LANGUAGE good
the best
Account for/ make up/ take up /comprise + number or How to form comparative and superlative
Fossil fuel emissions accounted f or the majority
percentage. adjectives
of greenhouse gases.

Paper and cardboard amounted to 21% of the Amounted to (v) worse

Useful
total household waste. bad
vocabulary
the worst
The population of Vietnam stood at 90 million at Stand at
the turn of the century.
The consumption of fossil fuels reached the WRITING TASK 1 - ST AT IC CHART COMPARE AND CONTRAST LANGUAGE
Reach: farther/further
highest levels in recent years
far
Irregular the farthest,
the furthest

less
little
the least

elder/ older

Model answer old the eldest/

the oldest

more

many/
much

the most

The pie charts show the principle ways of finding out the
news in two different countries, the UK and Brazil. The two
nations show broadly similar patterns, though there are some The figures for 2012 were very similar to
differences, both significant and minor. Similar (to) the figures for 2013.
Overall, it can be said that the high levels of internet use in
Brazil mean that other methods such as radio and print are
used less in comparison with the UK. Comparisons with similar or same or as …
One of the most prominent features of this data is that, while
in the UK over a third of people access the news online, in The percentage of females who studied at
Brazil the figure is more than half, at 53%. It is apparent that Same as … as university in 2011 was almost exactly the same as
viewing the TV news is popular in both countries, with about in 2012
two fifths of the UK population favouring this module of
delivery and only 3% fewer in Brazil. One major difference
between the UK and Brazil is that over twice as many people
read the news in print in the former, compared with the latter.
The figures are 15% and 6% respectively. Similarly, Prices in the UK are high compared to (prices in)
listening to the news on the radio is preferred by three times Clause + compared to/ as apposed to/ in
comparison with + Noun/ noun phrase. Canada and Australia.
more people in the UK than in Brazil.

There are only 3 million in France, while there

Clause, whereas/ while + clause are 4 million miles of train lines in the UK

x is not as +adjective + as y Coffee in France is not as expensive as in the UK.

Comparisons with not as …

The most popular form of holiday among the

Welsh was self-catering with over 60% choosing to
In contrast cook for themselves. In contrast, only 5 % of the
English chose this form of vacation and hotel
accommodation was much more popular at 48%.

Almost 50% of the English, Scots and Northern

Irish chose to stay in a hotel for their holiday. In
comparison, staying in self-catering
In comparison
accommodation was much less popular with
around 10% of people choosing this

The general pattern was for hotel accommodation

to be the most popular with around half the
Other conjunctions
However people choosing it. The majority of the Welsh,
however, chose to stay in self-catering
accommodation

It is clear that a majority of the British chose to

stay in hotel for their holiday. On the other
On the other hand hand, there was an exception to this because over
50% of the Welsh opted for self-catering
accommodation

Although 15% of the French read novels, only 5%

Although of the British do.

Almost 25% of French females study maths with a

But private tutor, but nearly 60% study English
with one.

6
 - Introduction: 02 sentences
Opinion: Paraphrase the topic + State your opinion
- Body 1: 05 sentences
- Body 2: 05 sentences Essay structure Discussion: Paraphrase the topic
- Conclusion: 01 sentence
Discussion and Opinion: Paraphrase the topic + State
Introduction your opinion

Causes/Problems and Solutions: Paraphrase the topic

- Planning: 5-10 minutes
- Introduction: 5 minutes 2-part Question: Paraphrase the topic
- Body 1: 10 minutes Timing
- Body 2: 10 minutes
- Conclusion and checking: 5 minutes
Basic information
Opinion: Discuss about the side that you agree with

Discussion: Discuss one side

- Minimum number of words: 250.
- Suggested number of words: 270-280. Number of words Discussion and Opinion: Discuss the opposite side
Body 1
- Suggested lines of words: 27-28 (you do not support)

Causes/Problems and Solutions: Causes/Problems

2-part Question: Answer to Question 1

- No contractions (e.g. don’t, he’s, it’s, …)
- No spoken English (e.g. kind of, okay, pretty much, Writing style
absolutely, …)
- Choose appropriate phrasal verbs Essay structure

Opinion: Discuss about the side that you agree with

Discussion: Discuss the opposite side

Grammatical range and accuracy
Planning Discussion and Opinion: State your opinion + Discuss
Lexical resource Body 2
Marking criteria about the side that you agree with
Coherence and cohesion
Task response Causes/Problems and Solutions: Solution

2-partQuestion: Answer to Question 2

Opinion: Paraphrase the topic + State your opinion

Discussion: Paraphrase the topic

Discussion and Opinion: Paraphrase the topic + State

Conclusion your opinion
Topic: “Some people think that it is more effective
for students to study in groups, while others
Causes/Problems and Solutions: Paraphrase the topic
believe that it is better for them to study alone.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.”
2-part Question: Paraphrase the topic

Stage 1: Brainstorm, note down any ideas you

have.
Step 1: Underline key words in the topic question. The question asks you to “discuss” and “give
your own opinion”, therefore you need to write a Discussion and Opinion essay
Stage 2: Develop ideas in detail, keep asking
yourself “Why? Why? Why?” to obtain
explanations.

Plan ideas

Step 2: Plan the Structure. This is a Discussion and Opinion type of essay, then the structure
should be: Stage 3: Think of examples to support your ideas.
• Introduction: Paraphrase the topic + State your opinion
• Body 1: Benefits of studying alone
• Body 2: Benefits of group study (I agree with this idea)
• Conclusion: Paraphrase the topic + State your opinion
Stage 4: Group related ideas by numbering them

EXAMPLE PLANNING
- Concentrate better. Because of no distractions. Easier to focus on a task.
Example: I concentrated more, did faster when studying alone at university.
- Study at your own pace. Do not need to wait for others.
Example: When revising for exam time, time is limited.
- It is a good way to be independent. Because they have to brainstorm to finish
their task on their own.
Example: When I do a task myself, I am often more initiative.

Step 3: Plan ideas

- More ideas.
Group mates share.
Ex:ample: Group presentation about finance at university.
- Learn from each other. Develop skills (teamwork, problem-solving, …).
Example: I resolved a quarrel between members when doing a presentation
at university.
- Sense of competition. Because members in a team have responsibility for
their duty.
Example: I feel motivated and desire to prove my excellence to others.
- More motivation. Because of responsibility to the group.
- Share knowledge, gather more information.

7
 Example: Question: The graphs below give
Introduction: The bar charts show data about
information about computer ownership as a
computer ownership as a percentage of the
Change introductory expressions percentage of the population between 2002 and
population between 2002 and 2010, and by level of
2010, and by level of education for the years 2002
education for the years 2002 and 2010.
and 2010.

Example:
Original sentence: Exercise is the key to health.
Paraphrased sentence: Physical training is the most important factor for a
Replacing words with their synonyms healthy body.
Synonyms:
exercise = physical training
the key = the most important factor
health = a healthy body

•1st sentence: Introduce the topic (Paraphrase the

topic sentence).
Example: "Smoking is a major cause of serious illness and death throughout the
• 2nd sentence: Thesis statement
world today. In the interest of the public health, governments should ban cigarettes
Totally agree: Use the structure “I (totally) agree/I
and other tobacco products. Do you agree or disagree?"
believe/I would argue…” Opinion
==> Nowadays, because of the serious health risk of smoking, it is widely argued Example:
Totally disagree: Use the structure “I (completely)
that products from tobacco should be made illegal by the authorities. I completely Original sentence: Paraphrasing is one of the key skills needed to get a high
disagree/do not agree/I do not believe…”
disagree with this point of view. Changing the order of words and phrases score in IELTS.
Agree or disagree to some extent: Use the structure
Paraphrased sentence: Paraphrasing is one of the skills needed to get a high
“I partly agree…
score in IELTS that is key

Example:
Original sentence: Teenagers play violent video games today. (Active
T urning from active voice into passive voice voice)
Paraphrased sentence: Violent video games are played by teenagers today.
(Passive voice)

• 1st sentence: Introduce the topic (Paraphrase the

Example: “Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful topic sentence).
career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school. Discuss both views.” • 2nd sentence: Thesis statement PARAPHRASE Common techniques for paraphrasing
Example:
==> After finishing school, teenagers often wonder whether they should continue studying further or not. - DO NOT include your opinion. Discussion Original sentence: Many people are unhealthy because they fail to eat well
While many people think that it is a smart choice to get a job immediately, there are also good reasons - Use the structure: While/Whereas (there are some Changing the form of
and exercise.
why it might be beneficial to enter higher education benefits)…………………(1 side), (there are also words
Paraphrased sentence: Many people have poor health because they are
some drawbacks) ………………(the other side). failing to eat well and are not exercising enough.

Example:
Original sentence:
Paraphrased sentence: Some people believe that the Internet creates
Using dummy subjects many problems.
Paraphrased sentence: It is believed that the Internet creates many
problems.

Example: “Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful • 1st sentence: Introduce the topic (Paraphrase the topic INT RODUCTION
educational tool. Others, however, believe that videos games are having an adverse sentence).
effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games • 2nd sentence: Thesis statement
outweigh the benefits?" - MUST include your opinion. Discussion + Opinion Example:
==>Many people, and children in particular, enjoy playing computer games. While I - Use the structure: While/Whereas …………………(1 People who do not graduate from university may find it challenging
accept that these games can sometimes have a positive effect on the users, I believe that side), I believe/would argue that ……………… (the to get a good job.
they are more likely to have a harmful impact. other side). Using antonyms in negative form In this sentence: challenging > < easy
Paraphrased sentence: It may not be easy for people without a
university degree to get a good job.

Example:
Original sentence: The number of foreign and domestic tourists in
the Netherlands rose above 42 million in 2017
Break the information into separate Paraphrased sentence: According to the national statistics office, the
sentences Netherlands experienced a dramatic growth in tourist numbers in
2017. More than 42 million tourists travelled to or within the
Example: “In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What • 1st sentence: Introduce the topic (Paraphrase the Netherlands that year.
problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that topic sentence).
could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.” • 2nd sentence: Thesis statement
==> It is true that nowadays people can expect to live longer than ever before. - Use the structure: While/Whereas/Although…… Causes/ Problems + Solutions
Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, …………… (causes/problems), ………………
societies can take steps to resolve these potential problems. (solutions/measures/steps to resolve/tackle/mitigate
the problems).

• 1st sentence: Introduce the topic (Paraphrase the - 1st sentence: Introduce the topic.
Example: “Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of topic sentence). (In this sentence, you are going to paraphrase the
technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? • 2nd sentence: Thesis statement statement in the topic sentence)
Has this been a positive or negative development?” - Use the structure: …………………(answer the 2-part Question - 2nd sentence: Thesis statement.
==> It is true that new technologies have had an influence on communication between people. first question in general), and (In this sentence, you are going to answer the
Technology has affected relationships in various ways, and in my opinion there are both ………………(answer the second question in question(s) in a general manner or state your main
positive and negative effects general). idea in the essay)

Step 1: Identifying
- Task type: Opinion.
- Statement: Universities should accept equal
numbers of male and female students in every
STRAT EGY subject.
- Question: Agree or disagree?

Step 2: Paraphrase the statement:

•universities = the higher education
Example 1: •should accept equal numbers of male and female students = the same
Step 1: Identify the task type, statement and the
Universities should accept equal numbers of male numbers of students from different genders should be accepted
question.
Step 2: Paraphrase the statement (sentence 1). and female students in every subject. To what Sentence 1: It is believed that the same numbers of students from different
Step 3: Answer the question (sentence 2). extent do you agree or disagree? genders should be accepted in every subject by the higher education.

Step 3: State the main idea:

Sentence 2:
If you agree with the point, write: I totally agree with this view.
If you disagree with the point, state: I personally disagree with this point of view.
If you have a balanced view, write down: In my opinion, I partly agree with this view.

8
 If there is only 1 big idea in a body paragraph:
1/ Topic sentence (Main idea)
Case 1: There is only 1 big idea in a body
2/ Explanation
paragraph
3/ Example
4/ Concession (if necessary)

STRATEGY

If there are 2-3 ideas in a body paragraph:

1/ Topic sentence (Main idea)
2/ Supporting idea 1.
2.1/ Explanation for idea 1.
2.2/ Example for idea 1. Case 2: There are 2-3 big ideas in a body
2.3/ Concession (if necessary). paragraph
3/ Supporting idea 2.
3.1/ Explanation for idea 2.
3.2/ Example for idea 2.
3.3/ Concession (if necessary).

First/Firstly/To begin with, Second/Secondly,

Third/Thirdly,..., Last/Lastly/Finally/Last but not
least, At the same time/ While, Next/Then/After
that,…

In addition/Additionally, Furthermore, Moreover,…

Use structural and functional vocabulary

Step 1: Underline keywords in the topic question. Therefore/Hence/Thus, As a result,
The question asks whether you “agree” or Consequently/As a consequence,…
“disagree”, therefore you need to write an Opinion
essay

Step 2: Plan the Structure. This is an Opinion type

of essay, and then the structure should be: For example/For instance, such as, …
• Introduction: Paraphrase the topic + State your
opinion
• Body 1: Discuss the side that you agree/disagree However, Nevertheless, While, But, On the other
with hand, Although, Despite, In spite of, Even though,…
• Body 2: Discuss the side that you agree/disagree
with
• Conclusion: Paraphrase the topic + State your
opinion ESSENTIAL TIPS
My opinion: Agree. get acquire, obtain, gain, …
Example: “Some people believe that unpaid
community service should be a compulsory part of
high school programmes (for example working for a
EXAMPLE OPINION ESSAY
charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching
sports to younger children). To what extent do you have experience, possess, undergo, …
agree or disagree?)
Body 1:
- Topic sentence: Education should not be limited to strictly academic pursuits and give provide, present, offer, supply, contribute, …
those in education should also develop life skills, such as teamwork, empathy and
selfdiscipline, and one of the best ways to hone these aptitudes is through community
service.
- Explanation: Serving those less fortunate than ourselves teaches us many lessons
including how to work with people from other backgrounds and the value of hard do perform, be involved in, participate, engage to, …
WRITING TASK 2
work. BODY: OPINION, DISCUSSION
- Example: For example, I personally volunteered to spend 6 weeks in Africa teaching
Use some advanced words
disadvantaged children and this led to a much higher work ethic when I returned to my
studies. support, assist, give someone a hand to, lend
help
someone a hand to, …
Step 3: Plan ideas

Body 2:
- Topic sentence: Many colleges and companies are also increasingly looking for this make create, build, construct, cause, produce, …
type of experience. Most school leavers have the same grades and charitable works
can help set you apart from the herd.
- Example: For example, Cambridge and Oxford receive thousands of applications
from straight-A students every year and can only accept a small percentage of way method, technique, means, approach, manner, …
applicants.
- Explanation: What you have done outside the classroom is often the thing that
differentiates you from everyone else and gets you that coveted spot.
concur, be of the same mind (about
agree
somebody/something) …

bad harmful, be detrimental to, unpleasant, damaging…

Step 1: Underline keywords in the topic question.
The question asks you to “discuss both views”,
therefore you need to write a Discussion essay. useful, helpful, beneficial, effective, valuable,
good
advantageous, …
Step 2: Plan the Structure
This is a Discussion type of essay, and then the
structure should be: think believe, suppose, deem, be of the opinion that…
• Introduction: Paraphrase the topic
• Body 1: Discuss one side
• Body 2: Discuss the opposite side
• Conclusion: Paraphrase the topic serious dangerous, severe, strict, risky…

Example: “Some people believe that studying at

Body 1: university or college is the best route to a
- Topic sentence: Working straight after graduation is beneficial in some ways. successful career, while others believe that it is EXAMPLE DISCUSSION ESSAY
- Supporting idea 1: Firstly, young people are able to earn money as soon as possible. better to get a job straight after school. Discuss
- Explanation for idea 1: If they finish high school, they will be mature enough to live - carbon dioxide = greenhouse gases
both views.”
independently on their own income. It is common sense that having a job can prove - climate change
one’s maturity. - the greenhouse effect
- Supporting idea 2: Secondly, a person who chooses to get a job instead of studying - average global temperatures
higher is likely to progress rapidly in their career. - deforestation = forest clearance Example:
- Explanation for idea 2: This may bring about a good chance to obtain a lot of real - ozone layer depletion - Governments need to promote public campaigns
experience and skills for their chosen profession. - the melting of the polar ice caps about the repercussions of food waste via a variety
- sea levels of channels, such as social media, newspapers,
Step 3: Plan ideas ENVIRONMENT - power plants = power stations magazines and leaflets.
- extreme weather conditions - One of the most pressing environmental issues
- put heavy pressure on … which is posing a serious threat to the world is
- wildlife habitats global warming
- the extinction of many species
- introduce laws to …
raise public awareness
- promote public campaigns
Body 2: - posing a serious threat to
- Topic sentence: On the other hand, there are a variety of reasons why people have a
tendency of choosing to continue education after high school.
- Explanation for idea 1: First, a college education will provide young people with
more qualifications, which is what most employers expect these days. Topic vocabulary
- Supporting idea 1: University graduates will probably get a much higher salary than
those without a university education.
- Supporting idea 2: Furthermore, the job market is becoming more and more
competitive.
- Explanation for idea 2: In fact, people would be well-advised to get a degree, as
hundreds of applicants often chase the top jobs. It is an obvious advantage for - technology advances = technology developments
university graduates. - keep in touch with = keep in contact with Example:
- Example for idea 2: For example, graduate engineers in Vietnam are highly paid and - as a way of communication - Social networking sites have made it much easier for us to
find it easy to get a top job. - do multiple tasks at the same time keep in contact with our loved ones, regardless of
- surf/browse the Internet geographic locations.
TECHNOLOGY
- interact through computers rather than face to face - While distance is great problem for face-to-face
- face-to-face communication/meetings communication, with emails and online chat, we can send
- online meetings = virtual meetings our message instantly to anyone, anywhere in the world.
- improve the quality of life
- give someone access to information/the Internet

9
 Step 1: Underline keywords

Step 2: Plan the Structure

Body 1: Discuss the first viewpoint DISCUSSION + OPINION

Step 3: Plan ideas

Body 2: Discuss the 2nd viewpoint

Step 1: Underline keywo rds

Step 2: Plan the Structure

CA USES/PROBLEM S A ND SOLUTIONS

Body 1: Causes
Planning
Step 3 : Plan ideas

Body 1: Solutions

Step 1: Underline keywords

Step 2: Plan the Structure

TWO-PA RT Q UESTIO NS
Body 1: Answering the 1st question

Step 3: Plan ideas

Body 2: Answering the 2nd question

Example: However, in my opinion a global scale

apocalypse will not happen.

- kindergarten

In my opinion, …
- university = higher education = tertiary education

To state the opinion • I strongly agree/disagree with the idea that…

- vocational course
EDUCATION
• My opinion is that …
- distance learning course
• In my view, …
Examp le: One benefit of taking distance learning
course is the timetable will be flexible, which Example: Grateful to him, she was likewise
means you can study whenever and wherever you anxious to leave the island before the beast
want returned and flew off the handle.

Useful Vocabulary
• Similarly,…
T o sho w the co mparison
• Likewise…

• Unlike/Compared to …
- suffer from various health issues
• At the same time, …
- anxiety disorder

HEALTH Example: On the one hand, it is argued that

speculators are affected only by the absolute
- rapid weight gain variations in price, while on the other hand it is
contended that a movement of one " point," say, is
less influential when the price is about 8d.
- have an unhealthy/imbalanced diet

To show co ntrast • On the other hand, …

Example: Fast foods, in most of the cases, contain • On the contrary, …

ingredients which are harmful for our body and
• On the flip side, …
cause rapid weight gain.
• Whereas…

Example: A few simple precautions can be taken,

for example ensuring that desks are the right height.

- drive to work = travel/go/commute to work by car

(Body: Dicussion & Opinion, Problems & • As an example/evidence, …
Essential phrases
Solutions, Two -part Questions)
To show an example
- commuting costs • For example/instance, …

• To show an example, …
- run a red lights TRA NSPO RT
• An example is …

- cycle lanes = bike lanes

Example: Furthermore, they claim that any such
interference is completely ineffective.

To introduce more ideas/examples

• Furthermore, …
Example: The governments have to encourage • In addition, …
people to use public transport by improving the
infrastructure or by reducing the commuting cost

Example: Obviously, they've had sponsorship from

some big companies.

• It goes without saying that …

To make a point stronger
• Obviously/Apparently, …

• There can be no doubt that …

Step 1: Underline keywords in the topic question.

The question asks you to “discuss both views” and
“give your opinion”, therefore you need to write a
Discussion + Opinion essay. Example: Perhaps the major cause of this is that
the exam is too difficult.

Step 2: Plan the Structure

This is a Discussion + Opinion type of essay, and
then the structure should be: • A major cause of … is …
• Introduction: Paraphrase the topic + State your
opinion
• Body 1: Discuss the opposite side (that you do To introduce the causes
• Perhaps the major/main/primary cause of this is
not support)
…
• Body 2: State your opinion + Discuss the side that
you agree with
• Conclusion: Paraphrase the topic + State your
opinion
My opinion: It is better to live in a vertical city • An additional cause of … is …

Body 1: Discuss the first viewpoint – Living in a horizontal city

- Topic sentence: On the one hand, it is beneficial for residents to live in a horizontal
city because of its advantages. Example: it is a good idea for us to take an
- Supporting idea 1: Firstly, people have to pay less for building services. umbrella with us when we go out.
Example:“Some people think that it is best to live
- Explanation for supporting idea 1: If residents settle in a private house, they may in a horizontal city while others think of a vertical
save a great deal of money since they do not have to spend a sum on any charges for city. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
building services.
• … should take measures to …
- Supporting idea 2: Secondly, it is safer for inhabitants when emergencies occur. To suggest solutions
- Example for supporting idea 2: For example, if there is a fire starting in a house, they • … ought to take steps to …
EXAM PLE D ISCUSSION + OPINION
can quickly escape from dangerous areas because the building is not too high and it
would not take much time to leave • It might be a good idea for us to …
Step 3: Plan ideas

Body 2: Discuss the 2nd viewpoint – Living in a vertical city + State your opinion -
Topic sentence: On the other hand, it seems to me that living in a vertical city is the
best choice.
- Supporting idea 1: A city with skyscrapers could have more spaces for public usage.
- Explanation for supporting idea 1: In particular, there will be less land used for
residential areas due to the construction of high buildings. As a result, the government
could take advantage of land to build hospitals, schools or places for entertainment.
- Supporting idea 2: Furthermore, it is much more convenient for residents to live in an
apartment in a tall building.
- Explanation for supporting idea 2: This is simply because a wide range of goods and
services are often included in high buildings thanks to shopping malls and service
chains on lower floors

Step 1: Underline keywords in the topic question.

The question asks you to identify “the causes” and
“the effects”, therefore you need to write a Causes
and Problems essay.

Step 2 : Plan the Structure

This is a C auses and Problems type of essay, and
then the structure should be:
• Introduction: Paraphrase the topic EXAMPLE
• Body 1: Causes
• Body 2: Problems
• Conclusion: Paraphrase the topic

Body 1: Causes
- Topic sentence: To begin with, there are several reasons why a number of individuals
want to have children later in their life.
- Supporting idea 1: Firstly, this choice allows them to have more time to enjoy life
when they are young.
- Example for supporting idea 1: For example, it is easier for a young couple to travel Example“Nowadays, more and more people decide
when they do not have a baby to nurture. to have children later in their life. What are the
causes? What are the effects on society and family EXAMPLE CA USES/PROBLEM S AN D
- Supporting idea 2: Secondly, people who are at the early stage of their career usually SO LUTION S
life?"
have lower income compared to when they are older.
- Expansion for supporting idea 2: Therefore, many people decide to start raising a
family after having enough money to ensure a better life for their children
Step 3: Plan ideas

Body 2: Problems
- Topic sentence: However, this tendency might bring about some negative effects on
both family life and society.
- Supporting idea 1: The first impact is that having children later will cause a significant
age gap between two generations.
- Expansion for supporting idea 1: This makes it harder for parents to understand and
communicate with their offspring.
- Supporting idea 2: Additionally, if people give birth when they are too old, the babies
being born might be less physically healthy.
- Explanation for supporting idea 2: This might adversely affect the quality of the future
workforce if too many people decide to follow this trend.

Step 1 :Underline keywords in the topic question.

This question asks you about “why you need
music” and whether “the traditional music is more
important than the international music”, therefore
you need to write a Two-part Questions essay.

Step 2: Plan the Structure

This is a Two-part Questions type of essay, and
then the structure should be:
• Introduction: Paraphrase the topic
• Body 1: Answering the 1st question
• Body 2: Answering the 2nd question
• Conclusion: Paraphrase the topic

Exampl ““There are many different types of music

Body 1: Answering the 1st question in the world today. Why do we need music? Is the
- Topic sentence: Music is something that accompanies all of us throughout our lives. traditional music of a country more important than
- Supporting idea 1: As children, we are taught songs by our parents and teachers as a the international music that is heard everywhere EXA MPLE 2 PART QUESTIONS
means of learning language, or simply as a form of enjoyment. nowadays?”
- Expansion for supporting idea 1: Children delight in singing with others, and it would
appear that the act of singing in a group creates a connection between participants,
regardless of their age.
- Supporting idea 2: Later in life, people’s musical preferences develop, and we come to
see our favourite songs as a part of our life stories.
- Explanation for supporting idea 2: Music both expresses and arouses emotions in a
way that words alone cannot. Step 3: Plan ideas

Body 2: Answering the 2nd question

- Topic sentence: In my opinion, traditional music should be valued over the
international music that has become so popular.
- Supporting idea 1: International pop music is often catchy and fun, but it is essentially
a commercial product that is marketed and sold by business people.
- Supporting idea 2: Traditional music, by contrast, expresses the culture, customs and
history of a country.
- Example for supporting idea 2: Traditional styles, such as cheo, tuong, cai luong
connect us to the past and form part of our cultural identity.

10
 •Step 1: Use a concluding phrase.
•Step 2: Restate the thesis statement in different
STRATEGY words.
•Step 3: Restate your personal recommendations
(if necessary)

•Grammar: Tenses, Subject –

greement, connective words, articles, …
•Spelling: Proper nouns, word formation, HOW TO CHECK YOUR ESSAY?
contraction, …

Conclusion: In conclusion (Concluding phrase), I

Introduction: It is true that nowadays parents have a strongly concur that children are influenced by a
“Boys are most influenced by their fathers and girls great influence on their children. Some people hold parent of the same gender (Restate the thesis
OPINION ESSAY are most influenced by their mothers. Do you agree the opinion that the same sex is the major statement). Therefore each parent should be aware
or disagree?” determination of influencing parents. I personally of his or her own behaviours to set a good example
agree with this idea. for the offspring (Give personal recommendations).

CONCLUSION & CHECKING Conclusion: In conclusion (Concluding phrase), a

“Some people think that museums should be Introduction: It is widely thought that museums are good museum should be able to offer an interesting,
DISCUSSION ESSAY enjoyable places to entertain people, while others built with the main aim of educating people. At the enjoyable and educational experience so that
believe that the purpose of museums is to educate. same time, some people argue that these buildings people can both have fun and learn something at the
Discuss both views.” should be considered as a means of entertainment same time. (Restate the thesis statement).

Is used when you introduce a person or thing for the

Example: There is a park near my house Indefinite articles (a, an)
first time.

WRITING A CONCLUSION FOR EACH

TYPE OF ESSAY
Introduction: Many individuals would rather go Conclusion: To sum up (Concluding phrase),
“Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the through life staying the same while other people
same things and avoiding change. Others, however, despite differing views on whether change is
DISCUSSION AND OPINION ESSAY like the idea of facing new challenges. This essay beneficial, I think that change is important for
think that change is always a good thing. Discuss agrees that change is beneficial to our lives because
both views and give your opinion.” developing an open mind and experiencing new
we can expand our worldview and gain new things (Restate the thesis statement)
experiences.
HOW TO USE ARTICLES?

Example: There is a park near my house. The Is used to refer to a person or thing that has already
park is big and has a lot of trees. been mentioned
“In the developed world, average life expectancy is Introduction: It is true that people in industrialised Conclusion: In conclusion (Concluding phrase),
increasing. What problems will this cause for nations can expect to live longer than ever before. various measures can be taken to tackle the
CAUSES/PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS individuals and society? Suggest some measures Although there will undoubtedly be some negative problems that are certain to arise as the populations
Definite article (the) ESSAY that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing consequences of this trend, societies can take steps of developed countries grow older (Restate the
Example: The government of Vietnam is trying to Is used to refer to a person or thing which is the populations.” to mitigate these potential problems. thesis statement).
prevent the explosion of COVID19. one and only.

Example: For Durkheim, comparison was the

Is used in superlative comparison.
most important method of analysis in sociology.

Conclusion: In conclusion (Concluding phrase),

“There are many different types of music in the music is a necessary part of human existence, and I
world today. Why do we need music? Is the Introduction: It is true that a rich variety of musical believe that traditional music should be given more
2-PART QUESTION traditional music of a country more important than styles can be found around the world. Music is a importance than international music (Restate the
the international music that is heard everywhere vital part of all human cultures for a range of thesis statement). At the same time, international
nowadays?” reasons, and I would argue that traditional music is music still should be well considered due to its
more important than modern, international music. entertaining and artistic value (Give personal
opinion).

11
 MIND-MAP IELTS WRITING
TASK 1,2 (VOL 1)

Table of Contents
General Information & Introduction……………………………………………...3
Overview…………………………………………………………………………….4
Dynamic Charts…………………………………………………………………….5
Static charts……………………………………………...........................................6
Planning……………………………………………………………………………7
Introduction..………………………………………………………………………8
Body: Opinion – Dicussion..………………………………………………………9
Body: Dicussion & Opinion, Problems & Solutions, Two-part Questions ……..10
Conclusion & Checking..…………………………………………………………11
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