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dampers

The document discusses the importance of damping in vibration and wave theory, highlighting its role in energy dissipation and vibration control. It outlines various types of damping mechanisms, including internal, structural, and fluid damping, as well as the use of vibration dampers to protect structures from seismic forces. Additionally, it details different types of seismic dampers, such as viscous and friction dampers, and their function in enhancing structural performance during dynamic disturbances.

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Ahmed Kareem
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3 views

dampers

The document discusses the importance of damping in vibration and wave theory, highlighting its role in energy dissipation and vibration control. It outlines various types of damping mechanisms, including internal, structural, and fluid damping, as well as the use of vibration dampers to protect structures from seismic forces. Additionally, it details different types of seismic dampers, such as viscous and friction dampers, and their function in enhancing structural performance during dynamic disturbances.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Kareem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

In many applications of vibration and wave theory the magnitudes of the


damping forces are small in comparison with the elastic and inertia forces.
These small forces may, however, have very great influence under certain
special circumstances. Damping arises from the removal of energy by
radiation or dissipation. It is generally measured under conditions of cyclic
or near-cyclic motion. The nature of some important damping mechanisms
is discussed and an indication is given of how the damping depends on the
amplitude and frequency of the Cyclic motion. Damping is of primary
importance in controlling vibration response amplitudes under conditions
of steady-state resonance and stationary random excitation.
Damping is the removal of energy from a vibratory system. The energy lost
is either transmitted away from the system by some mechanism of radiation
or dissipated within the system.

Types of Damping
There is some form of mechanical energy dissipation in any dynamic
system. In the modeling of systems, damping can be neglected if the
mechanical energy that is dissipated during the time duration of interest is
small in comparison to the initial total mechanical energy of excitation in
the system. Even for highly damped systems, it is useful to perform an
analysis with the damping terms neglected, in order to study several crucial
dynamic characteristics, e.g., modal characteristics (undamped natural
frequencies and mode shapes). Several types of damping are inherently
present in a mechanical system. If the level of damping that is available in
this manner is not adequate for proper functioning of the system then
external damping devices may be added either during the original design
or during subsequent design modifications of the system. Three primary
mechanisms of damping are important in the study of mechanical systems.
They are:
1. Internal damping (of material)
2. Structural damping (at joints and interfaces)
3. Fluid damping (through fluid–structure interactions)
Internal (material) damping results from mechanical energy dissipation
within the material due to various microscopic and macroscopic processes.
In vibrating systems, if the energy dissipation is generated by the material
which has its own internal friction or hysteresis characteristics due to its
molecular structure. It depends upon the amount of internal energy that is
lost as a structure is deformed.
Structural damping is caused by mechanical energy dissipation resulting
from relative motions between components in a mechanical structure that
has common points of contact, joints or supports. Fluid damping arises
from the mechanical energy dissipation resulting from drag forces and
associated dynamic interactions when a mechanical system or its
components move in a fluid.

Vibration dampers:
Damper systems are designed and manufactured to protect structural
integrities, control structural damages, and to prevent injuries to the
residents by absorbing seismic energy and reducing deformations in the
structure.
Seismic dampers permit the structure to resist severe input energy and
reduce harmful deflections, forces and accelerations to structures and
occupants. There are several types of seismic dampers namely viscous
damper, friction damper, yielding damper, magnetic damper, and tuned
mass damper.
A vibration damper is an auxiliary system composed of an inertia element
and a viscous damper that is connected to a primary system as a means of
vibration control. Vibration dampers are used in situations where vibration
control is required over a range of frequencies. They control vibration
through direct dissipation of the vibration energy of the primary (vibrating)
system. As a result, however, there will be substantial heat generation, and
associated thermal problems and component wear.
Types of dampers
There are several types of seismic dampers namely
1. viscous damper
2. friction damper
3. yielding damper
4. magnetic damper
5. tuned mass damper
viscous damper
Damping is one of many different methods that have been proposed for
allowing a structure to achieve optimal performance when it is subjected
to seismic, wind storm, blast or other types of transient shock and vibration
disturbances. During strong motions, such as earthquakes, conventional
structures usually deform well beyond their elastic limits, and eventually
fail or collapse. Therefore, most of the energy dissipated is absorbed by
the structure itself through localized damage as it fails. The concept of
supplemental dampers added to a structure assumes that much of the
energy input to the structure from a transient will be absorbed, not by the
structure itself, but rather by supplemental damping elements.

Viscous damping is often used in mechanical systems because the addition


of viscous damping leads to a linear term in the governing differential
equation. Viscous damping is the dissipation of energy that occurs when a
particle in a vibrating system is resisted by a force that has a magnitude
proportional to the magnitude of the velocity of the particle and direction
opposite to the direction of the particle.

The fluid viscous damper is consisting of oil cylinder, piston, piston rod ,
orifice , pin head ,two champers of liquid and other main parts. The piston
could make reciprocating motion in the oil cylinder. The piston is equipped
with damping structure and the oil cylinder is full of fluid damping
medium.

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