CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY LAB MANUAL

1.Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value ‘Hello world’. The
program should XOR each character in this string with 0 and displays the result.
#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<string.h>

int main()

char str[]="Hello World";

char str1[11];

int i,len;

len=strlen(str);

for(i=0;i<len;i++)

str1[i] = str[i]^0;

printf("%c",str1[i]);

printf("\n");

OUTPUT:-

Hello World
2. Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value ‘Hello world’. The
program should AND or and XOR each character in this string with 127 and display the result.
#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<string.h>

int main()

char str[]=" Hello World ";

char str1[11];

char str2[11];

char str3[11];

int i,len;

len = strlen(str);

for(i=0;i<len;i++)

str1[i] = str[i]&127;

printf("%c",str1[i]);

printf("\n");

for(i=0;i<len;i++)

str3[i] = str2[i]^127;

printf("%c",str1[i],str2[i],str3[i]);

printf("\n");

Output:-

Hello World

Hello World
3. Write a Java program to perform encryption and decryption using the following
algorithms a. Ceaser cipher b. Substitution cipher c. Hill Cipher
a. Ceaser cipher
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CeaserCipher
{
static Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
System.out.print("Enter any String: ");
String str = br.readLine();
System.out.print("\nEnter the Key: ");
int key = sc.nextInt();
String encrypted = encrypt(str, key);
System.out.println("\n Encrypted String is: " +encrypted);
String decrypted = decrypt(encrypted, key);
System.out.println("\n Decrypted String is: "+decrypted);
System.out.println("\n");
}
public static String encrypt(String str, int key)
{
String encrypted = " ";
for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++)
{
int c=str.charAt(i);
if (Character.isUpperCase(c))
{
c=c+(key % 26);
if (c >'Z')
c=c+26;
}
else if(Character.isLowerCase(c))
{
c=c+(key % 26);
if(c>'z')
c=c-26;
}
encrypted += (char) c;
}
return encrypted;
}
public static String decrypt(String str, int key)
{
String decrypted = " ";
for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++)
{
int c = str.charAt(i);
if(Character.isUpperCase(c))
{
c = c - (key % 26);
if (c < 'A')
c = c+26;
}
else if (Character.isLowerCase(c))
{
c = c - (key % 26);
if (c < 'a')
c = c + 26;
}
decrypted += (char) c;
}
return decrypted;
}
}
b. Substitution cipher
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class SubstitutionCipher
{
static Scanner sc =new Scanner(System.in);
static BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
String a = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
String b = "zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba";
System.out.print("Enter any string: ");
String str = br.readLine();
String decrypt = " ";
char c;
for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++)
{
c=str.charAt(i);
int j = a.indexOf(c);
decrypt = decrypt+b.charAt(j);
}
System.out.println("The encrypted data is: " +decrypt);
}
}
c. Hill Cipher
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class HillCipher{
static float[][] decrypt=new float[3][1];
static float[][] a=new float[3][3];
static float[][] b = new float[3][3];
static float[][] mes = new float[3][1];
static float[][] res=new float[3][1];
static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
static Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<1;j++)
for(int k=0;k<3;k++)
{
res[i][j]=res[i][j]+a[i][k]*mes[k][j];
}
System.out.print("\nEncrypted string is:");
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
System.out.print((char)(res[i][0]%26+97));
res[i][0]=res[i][0];
}
inverse();
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<1;j++)
for(int k=0;k<3;k++)
{
decrypt[i][j]=decrypt[i][j]+b[i][k]*res[k][j];
}
System.out.print("\nDecrypted string is:");
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
System.out.print((char)(decrypt[i][0]%26+97));
}
System.out.print("\n");
}
public static void getkeymes() throws IOException
{
System.out.println("Enter 3x3 matrix for key(It should be inversible):");
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
a[i][j]=sc.nextFloat();
System.out.print("\nEnter a 3 letter string:");
String msg=br.readLine();
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
mes[i][0]=msg.charAt(i)-97;
}
public static void inverse()
{
float p,q;
float[][] c =a;
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
//a[i][j]=sc.nextFloat();
if(i==j)
b[i][j]=1;
else
b[i][j]=0;
}
for(int k=0;k<3;k++)
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
p=c[i][k];
q=c[k][k];
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
if(i!=k)
{
c[i][j]=c[i][j]*q-p*c[k][j];
b[i][j]=b[i][j]*q-p*b[k][j];
}
}
}
}
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
b[i][j]=b[i][j]/c[i][i];
}
System.out.println("");
System.out.println("\n Inverse Matrix is:");
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
System.out.print(b[i][j]+" ");
System.out.print("\n");
}
}
}
4.Write a C/JAVA program to implement the DES algorithm logic.
import javax.swing.*;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.util.Random ;

class DES {
byte[] skey = new byte[1000];
String skeyString;
static byte[] raw;
String inputMessage,encryptedData,decryptedMessage;

public DES() {
try {
generateSymmetricKey();

inputMessage=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"Enter message to
encrypt");
byte[] ibyte = inputMessage.getBytes();
byte[] ebyte=encrypt(raw, ibyte);
String encryptedData = new String(ebyte);
System.out.println("Encrypted message "+encryptedData);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Encrypted Data
"+"\n"+encryptedData);

byte[] dbyte= decrypt(raw,ebyte);

 String decryptedMessage = new String(dbyte);
System.out.println("Decrypted message "+decryptedMessage);

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Decrypted Data
"+"\n"+decryptedMessage);
}
catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}

}
void generateSymmetricKey() {
try {
Random r = new Random();
int num = r.nextInt(10000);
String knum = String.valueOf(num);
byte[] knumb = knum.getBytes();
skey=getRawKey(knumb);
skeyString = new String(skey);
System.out.println("DES Symmetric key = "+skeyString);
}
catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
private static byte[] getRawKey(byte[] seed) throws Exception {
KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
SecureRandom sr = SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG");
sr.setSeed(seed);
 kgen.init(56, sr);
SecretKey skey = kgen.generateKey();
raw = skey.getEncoded();
return raw;
}
private static byte[] encrypt(byte[] raw, byte[] clear) throws Exception {
SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "DES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(clear);
return encrypted;
}

private static byte[] decrypt(byte[] raw, byte[] encrypted) throws Exception {

SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "DES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);
byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
return decrypted;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
DES des = new DES();
}
}
5. Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Blowfish algorithm logic.
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.CipherOutputStream;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Base64;

public class BlowFish {

public static void main(String[] args) {

if (args.length != 2) {
System.out.println("Usage: java BlowFish <inputFile> <outputFile>");
return;
}

String inputFile = args[0];

String outputFile = args[1];

try {

KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("Blowfish");

 keyGenerator.init(128, new SecureRandom());
SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("Blowfish/CFB/NoPadding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
byte[] iv = cipher.getIV();
if (iv != null) {
System.out.println("Initialization Vector of the Cipher: " +
Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(iv));
}

// File handling with try-with-resources

try (FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
CipherOutputStream cout = new CipherOutputStream(fout, cipher)) {

int input;
while ((input = fin.read()) != -1) {
cout.write(input);
}
}
System.out.println("\nContent of " + inputFile + ":");
readFileContent(inputFile);
System.out.println("\nContent of " + outputFile + ":");
readFileContent(outputFile);

} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
 private static void readFileContent(String fileName) {
try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName))) {
String line;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Error reading file " + fileName + ": " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
6. Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Rijndael algorithm logic.

import java.security.*;
import javax.crypto.*;
import javax.crypto.spec.*;
import java.io.*;
public class AES
{
public static String asHex (byte buf[])
{
StringBuffer strbuf = new StringBuffer(buf.length *2);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < buf.length; i++)
{
if (((int) buf[i] & 0xff) < 0x10)
strbuf.append("0");
strbuf.append(Long.toString((int) buf[i] & 0xff, 16));
}
return strbuf.toString();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
String message=" Hello AES still rocks!!";
KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
kgen.init(128);
SecretKey skey = kgen.generateKey();
byte[] raw = skey.getEncoded();
SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal((args.length == 0 ? message :args[0]).getBytes());
System.out.println("encrypted string: " +asHex(encrypted));
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,skeySpec);
byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
String originalString = new String(original);
System.out.println("Original string: " +originalString + " " + asHex(original));
}
}
7. Write the RC4 logic in Java Using Java cryptography; encrypt the text “Hello world”
using Blowfish. Create your own key using Java key tool.
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

/**
* This program demonstrates how to encrypt/decrypt input
* using the Blowfish Cipher with the Java Cryptograhpy.
*
*/
public class BlowfishCipher {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

KeyGenerator keygenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("Blowfish");
SecretKey secretkey = keygenerator.generateKey();
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("Blowfish");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretkey);
String inputText = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Input your message: ");
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(inputText.getBytes());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretkey);
byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(JOptionPane.getRootFrame(),
"encrypted text: " + new String(encrypted) + "\n" +
"decrypted text: " + new String(decrypted));
System.exit(0);
}
}
8. Write a Java program to implement RSA algorithm.
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class RSA
{
static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.print("Enter a Prime number: ");
BigInteger p = sc.nextBigInteger();
System.out.print("Enter another prime number:");
BigInteger q = sc.nextBigInteger();
BigInteger n = p.multiply(q);
BigInteger n2 = p.subtract(BigInteger.ONE).multiply(q.subtract(BigInteger.ONE));
BigInteger e = generateE(n2);
BigInteger d = e.modInverse(n2);
System.out.println("Encryption keys are: " + e + ", " + n);
System.out.println("Decryption keys are: " + d + ", " + n);
}
public static BigInteger generateE(BigInteger fiofn)
{
int y, intGCD;
BigInteger e;
BigInteger gcd;
Random x = new Random();
do
{
y = x.nextInt(fiofn.intValue()-1);
String z = Integer.toString(y);
e = new BigInteger(z);
gcd = fiofn.gcd(e);
intGCD = gcd.intValue();
}
while(y <= 2 || intGCD != 1);
return e;
}
}
9. Implement the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange mechanism using HTML and JavaScript.
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.DHPublicKeySpec;

public class DiffeHellman{

public final static int pValue = 47;

public final static int gValue = 71;

 public final static int XaValue = 9;

public final static int XbValue = 14;

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

BigInteger p = new BigInteger(Integer.toString(pValue));
BigInteger g = new BigInteger(Integer.toString(gValue));
BigInteger Xa = new BigInteger(Integer.toString(XaValue));
BigInteger Xb = new BigInteger(Integer.toString(XbValue));

createKey();

int bitLength = 512; // 512 bits

SecureRandom rnd = new SecureRandom();
p = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitLength, rnd);
g = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitLength, rnd);

createSpecificKey(p, g);
}

public static void createKey() throws Exception {

KeyPairGenerator kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DiffieHellman");

kpg.initialize(512);
KeyPair kp = kpg.generateKeyPair();
KeyFactory kfactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("DiffieHellman");

DHPublicKeySpec kspec = (DHPublicKeySpec)

kfactory.getKeySpec(kp.getPublic(),DHPublicKeySpec.class);
System.out.println("\nPublic key is:"+kspec);
}

public static void createSpecificKey(BigInteger p, BigInteger g) throws Exception {

KeyPairGenerator kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DiffieHellman");

DHParameterSpec param = new DHParameterSpec(p, g);

kpg.initialize(param);
KeyPair kp = kpg.generateKeyPair();

KeyFactory kfactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("DiffieHellman");

DHPublicKeySpec kspec = (DHPublicKeySpec) kfactory.getKeySpec(kp.getPublic(),

DHPublicKeySpec.class);
System.out.println("\nPublic key is:"+kspec);
}
}
10. Calculate the message digest of a text using the SHA-1 algorithm in JAVA.
import java.security.*;
public class SHA1
{
public static void main(String[] a)
{
try
{
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
System.out.println("Message digest object info: ");
System.out.println(" Algorithm = " +md.getAlgorithm());
System.out.println(" Provider = " +md.getProvider());
System.out.println(" ToString = " +md.toString());
String input = "";
md.update(input.getBytes());
byte[] output = md.digest();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("SHA1(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));
input = "abc";
md.update(input.getBytes());
output = md.digest();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("SHA1(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));
input = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
md.update(input.getBytes());
output = md.digest();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("SHA1(\"" +input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));
System.out.println("");
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println("Exception: " +e);
}
}
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] b)
{
char hexDigit[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
for (int j=0; j<b.length; j++)
{
buf.append(hexDigit[(b[j] >>4) & 0x0f]);
buf.append(hexDigit[b[j] & 0x0f]);
}
return buf.toString();
}
}
11. Calculate the message digest of a text using the MD5 algorithm in JAVA.
import java.security.*;
public class MD5
{
public static void main(String[] a)
{
try
{
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
System.out.println("Message digest object info: ");
System.out.println(" Algorithm = " +md.getAlgorithm());
System.out.println(" Provider = " +md.getProvider());
System.out.println(" ToString = " +md.toString());
String input = "";md.update(input.getBytes());
byte[] output = md.digest();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("MD5(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));
input = "abc";
md.update(input.getBytes());
output = md.digest();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("MD5(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));
input = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
md.update(input.getBytes());
output = md.digest();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("MD5(\"" +input+"\") = "+bytesToHex(output)); System.out.println("");
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println("Exception: " +e);
}
}
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] b)
{
char hexDigit[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
for (int j=0; j<b.length; j++)
{
buf.append(hexDigit [(b[j] >> 4) & 0x0f]);
buf.append(hexDigit [b[j] & 0x0f]);
}
return buf.toString();
}
}