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Preliminary Test

The document outlines various forensic tests used to detect blood stains, including the Benzidine, Phenolphthalein, Guaiacum, Leucomalachite Green, and Luminol tests. Each test has specific reagents and procedures, with varying sensitivity and specificity for blood detection. The Luminol test is particularly notable for its ability to detect blood that is not visible to the naked eye by producing a luminescent reaction in dark conditions.

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Deliva Atienza James Carl
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3 views

Preliminary Test

The document outlines various forensic tests used to detect blood stains, including the Benzidine, Phenolphthalein, Guaiacum, Leucomalachite Green, and Luminol tests. Each test has specific reagents and procedures, with varying sensitivity and specificity for blood detection. The Luminol test is particularly notable for its ability to detect blood that is not visible to the naked eye by producing a luminescent reaction in dark conditions.

Uploaded by

Deliva Atienza James Carl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Deliva, James Carl A.

Forensic 3
3BSC-5D

Preliminary Test – This test will determine if the stain contains a blood or other substance.
Benzidine Test – A sensitive test that can be apply to a blood stain, and the color of the
blood if it gets positive it will turn to blue with the concentration of hemoglobin this color
changed after 2 to 10 minutes to a brown red.
* Reagent – Benzidine solution ( small amount of powdered benzidine dissolved on glacial
acetic acid and 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide)

Phenolphthalein Test – This is a alternative test to benzidine test. this test can be detect
blood in a dilution of 1:80,000,000 part, a positive result with this test is highly indicative
of blood. The negative result is , therefore, valuable an conclusive as to the absence of
blood.
* Reagent – Phenolphthalein solution ( 1-2 grams of phenolphthalein to 100 mL of solution
of hydrogen peroxide)
* Positive Result – Develops a rose/pink color or permanganate color

Guaiacum Test – In this test a positive result gets a blue color that appear immediately but
it may not react to very old stains. This test also reacts with saliva, pus, bile, milk, rust,
iron, salts, cheese, gluten, potatoes, perspiration, etc.,.
* Reagent - Fresh tincture of guaiac resin (few lumps of this to 95 % alcohol, then filter)
and 3 % of hydrogen peroxide or few drops of turpentine.

Leucomalachite Green Test – This test is not as sensitive as the benzidine test. It is a
catalytic test that is based on peroxide. The positive result in this is a malachite green or
bluish green color. The procedure here is place a small piece of the stained fabric on a filter
paper, and add a drop of Leucomalachite green solution; and after a few seconds add a
drop of 3% hydrogen peroxide.

* Reagent - Leucomalachite Green solution (1 gram Leucomalachite green dissolved in 48


mL glacial acetic acid and diluted to 250 mL water) and 3% hydrogen peroxide.

Luminol Test – It is a based solution capable of detecting up to 10,000 times, once it


comes contact with blood to floresce a pale blue color. By spraying luminal reagent unto a
suspected item, large areas can be quickly screened for the presence of blood stains. The
sprayed object must be located in a darkened area while being viewed for the emission of
light (Luminescence). This is use limited only to seeking out a blood that invisible to the
naked eye.

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