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Embedded Systems_cat_01

The document contains a series of practical C programming questions focused on embedded systems, specifically for RIMS. Each question includes a brief description of the task and a corresponding C code implementation. The tasks range from creating a binary counter, smart light control, door lock system, to more complex applications like a traffic light controller and car parking assistant.

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Gabriel Gitonga
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9 views4 pages

Embedded Systems_cat_01

The document contains a series of practical C programming questions focused on embedded systems, specifically for RIMS. Each question includes a brief description of the task and a corresponding C code implementation. The tasks range from creating a binary counter, smart light control, door lock system, to more complex applications like a traffic light controller and car parking assistant.

Uploaded by

Gabriel Gitonga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GABRIEL

GITONGA 21/08375

Embedded Systems

Cat 01

Practical C Programming Questions (RIMS-Based)

1. LED Binary Counter

Write a C program for RIMS that counts from 0 to 15 in binary using LEDs connected to
B3..B0 as outputs. The counter should increment every 500ms and restart after reaching 15.

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>

int main() {
DDRB = 0x0F;
uint8_t count = 0;

while (1) {
PORTB = (PORTB & 0xF0) | (count & 0x0F);
_delay_ms(500);
count = (count + 1) % 16;
}
}

2. Smart Light Control System

Develop an embedded C program that simulates a smart light system. The system should:

 Turn on a light (B0 = 1) only if it is nighttime (A0=1) and motion is detected


(A1=1).
 Otherwise, the light should be off.

#include <avr/io.h>
int main() {
DDRB |= (1 << PB0);
DDRA &= ~((1 << PA0) | (1 << PA1));
while (1) {
if ((PINA & (1 << PA0)) && (PINA & (1 << PA1))) \
PORTB |= (1 << PB0); // Turn on light
else
PORTB &= ~(1 << PB0); // Turn off light
}
}
3. Door Lock System with Passcode
Implement an electronic door lock where:

 A four-button keypad (A3..A0) allows the user to enter a 4-bit passcode.


 If the correct passcode 1101 is entered, the door unlocks (B0=1).
 Otherwise, it remains locked (B0=0).

#include <avr/io.h>
int main() {
DDRB |= (1 << PB0);
DDRA &= 0xF0; // Set A3..A0 as inputs

while (1) {
if ((PINA & 0x0F) == 0x0D)
PORTB |= (1 << PB0);
else
PORTB &= ~(1 << PB0);
}
}

4. Overflow Handling in an 8-bit Counter

Write a program that implements an 8-bit counter using RIMS. The counter should:

 Increment B by 1 every 200ms.


 If B exceeds 255, it should reset to 0.
 Display the current value of B in hexadecimal.

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
int main() {
DDRB = 0xFF;
uint8_t counter = 0;
while (1) {
PORTB = counter;
_delay_ms(200);
counter = (counter + 1) % 256;
}
}

5. Traffic Light Controller

Simulate a traffic light system using B2..B0:

 B2 = Green, B1 = Yellow, B0 = Red.


 The sequence should be: Green (5s) → Yellow (2s) → Red (5s), then repeat.

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
int main() {
DDRB = 0x07; // B2..B0 as output
while (1) {
PORTB = 0x04; _delay_ms(5000); // Green
PORTB = 0x02; _delay_ms(2000); // Yellow
PORTB = 0x01; _delay_ms(5000);
}
6. 7-Segment Display for a Temperature Sensor

A temperature sensor is connected to A3..A0 and outputs values 0-9.

 Display the corresponding 7-segment pattern on B6..B0.


 Example: If A=3, set B to 01111001 (displaying the number 3).

#include <avr/io.h>
uint8_t seg_map[10] = {0x3F, 0x06, 0x5B, 0x4F, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x7D, 0x07, 0x7F, 0x6F};
int main() {
DDRB = 0x7F;
DDRA &= 0xF0;
while (1) {
PORTB = seg_map[PINA & 0x0F];
}
}

7. Motion Sensor Alarm

Create an alarm system that:

 Triggers a buzzer (B0 = 1) if motion is detected (A0=1) for more than 3 seconds
continuously.
 Resets if no motion is detected for 2 seconds.

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
int main() {
DDRB |= (1 << PB0);
DDRA &= ~(1 << PA0);
uint8_t motionTime = 0;
while (1) {
if (PINA & (1 << PA0)) {
motionTime++;
if (motionTime >= 15) PORTB |= (1 << PB0);
} else {
motionTime = 0;
PORTB &= ~(1 << PB0);
}
_delay_ms(200);
}
}

8. Bitwise Masking - Extracting Specific Bits

Write a function that:

 Reads an 8-bit value from A.


 Extracts bits 3 to 0 and outputs them to B.
 All other bits in B should be set to 0.
#include <avr/io.h>
int main() {
DDRB = 0x0F;
DDRA = 0x00;
while (1) {
PORTB = PINA & 0x0F;
}
}

9. Car Parking Assistant

A parking lot has 8 parking spaces, each with a sensor connected to A7..A0:

 A 1 means a car is present; 0 means the space is empty.


 If all spaces are full, set B0 = 1 (Parking Full LED On).
 Display the number of available spaces in B7..B5.

#include <avr/io.h>
int main() {
DDRB = 0xE1;
DDRA = 0x00;
while (1) {
uint8_t occupied = PINA;
uint8_t free_spaces = 8 - __builtin_popcount(occupied);
PORTB = ((free_spaces & 0x07) << 5) | ((free_spaces == 0) ? 1 : 0);
}
}

10. Bit Manipulation – Swapping Nibbles

Write a function that:

 Reads an 8-bit value from A.


 Swaps the upper nibble (A7..A4) with the lower nibble (A3..A0).
 Outputs the swapped value to B.

#include <avr/io.h>
int main() {
DDRB = 0xFF;
DDRA = 0x00;
while (1) {
uint8_t value = PINA;
PORTB = (value << 4) | (value >> 4);
}
}

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