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The document discusses control systems, focusing on the differences between open loop and closed loop systems. It highlights key characteristics such as feedback presence, response speed, reliability, design complexity, maintenance, implementation, and cost. Examples of each system type are also provided, along with references for further study.

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9 views24 pages

Screenshot 2025-01-03 at 9.44.14 PM

The document discusses control systems, focusing on the differences between open loop and closed loop systems. It highlights key characteristics such as feedback presence, response speed, reliability, design complexity, maintenance, implementation, and cost. Examples of each system type are also provided, along with references for further study.

Uploaded by

kfv2tbykz6
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Control Systems

Unit I
• SISO vs MIMO system
Linear system: Satisfy superpostion and
homogeneity
Resistor as linear component:
• Time-invariant system: Output of the system is independent of the time at which the input is
applied
Non anticipative: It does not try to figure out what inputs may come to
the system in the near future and take action right now.
Open loop vs Closed loop system

Figure 2- Closed loop control system


Difference Open Loop Control System Closed Loop Control System

A control system in which there is The control system in which


no feedback path is provided is there is a feedback path present
Definition
called an open loop control is called a closed loop control
system. system.

Open loop control system is also Closed loop control system is


Also called called non-feedback control also called a feedback control
system. system.

In open loop control system, the In closed loop control system, the
Control action control action is independent of control action is dependent on
the output of the overall system. the output of the system.
The design and
Closed loop control system
construction of an open
Design complexity has comparatively complex
loop control system is quite
design and construction.
simple.
The main components of a
The major components of closed loop control system
an open loop control are − Controller, plant or
Main Components
system are − controller and process, feedback element
plant. and error detector
(comparator).
Open loop control system The response of the closed
has fast response because loop control system is slow
Response
there is no measurement due to presence of
and feedback of output. feedback.
The reliability of open loop The closed loop control
Reliability
control system is less. system is more reliable.
The design and construction of Closed loop control system has
Design complexity an open loop control system is comparatively complex design
quite simple. and construction.

The main components of a


The major components of an closed loop control system are
Main Components open loop control system are − − Controller, plant or process,
controller and plant. feedback element and error
detector (comparator).

Open loop control system has


The response of the closed
fast response because there is
Response loop control system is slow due
no measurement and feedback
to presence of feedback.
of output.
Comparatively more
Open loop control system
Maintenance maintenance is needed in
requires less maintenance.
closed loop control system.
The implementation of a
Open loop control system is
Implementation closed loop control system is
easy to implement.
relatively difficult.
The cost of the closed loop
Open loop control system is
Cost control system is relatively
less expensive.
high.
In closed loop system, the
Open loop control system
Noise internal noise in the system
has more internal noise.
is less.
Common practical examples
Examples of closed loop
of open loop control systems
control systems include:
are − automatic traffic light
Examples ACs, fridge, toaster, rocket
system, automatic washing
launching system, radar
machine, immersion heater,
tracking system, etc.
etc.
Automatic control closed loop system
Human control closed loop system
Automatic controlled close loop control system
References:

• 1) NPTEL Course material: Control Engineering(IIT Madras) by Dr.


Ramkrishna
• 2) NPTEL Course material: Control Systems(IIT Madras) by Prof.
Shankar Ram
• 3)Tutorialspoint.com

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