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Phys 9 unit 3 third

Friction is a contact force that opposes motion when two solids rub against each other, influenced by factors such as surface roughness and normal force. The frictional force is proportional to the normal force, expressed as Ff = μ FN, where μ is the coefficient of friction dependent on surface texture. Exercises are provided to calculate normal force and frictional force in various scenarios, including frictionless surfaces and inclined planes.

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6 views2 pages

Phys 9 unit 3 third

Friction is a contact force that opposes motion when two solids rub against each other, influenced by factors such as surface roughness and normal force. The frictional force is proportional to the normal force, expressed as Ff = μ FN, where μ is the coefficient of friction dependent on surface texture. Exercises are provided to calculate normal force and frictional force in various scenarios, including frictionless surfaces and inclined planes.

Uploaded by

amanuel tesfaye
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Frictional forces

Friction occurs whenever two solids rub against each other. It is contact force and it always tends
to act in a direction opposing motion.

Factors affecting the force of friction

There are several factors affecting the force of friction between objects. Perhaps the most
obvious are
i. Roughness
It is a measure of the degree of the texture of a surface.
The rougher the surface, the greater the friction will be. In simple terms the bumps on the surface
are bigger or more frequent. This causes them to lock together more easily or more often
ii. Normal force(FN)
It is a force that is directed perpendicular to the two surfaces in contact, usually represented with
Fn/FN. It makes sense that the force is perpendicular to the surface since the normal force is
what prevents solid objects from passing through each other.

To solve the FN, following the procedure we get,


Acceleration vertical (ay) =Σ Fy/m 0= FN – W
FN=mg

Relation of Ff and FN

A heavier object will push down harder on the surface locking the bumps together harder and it
turns out to be increasing the force of friction. This is generally true but actually, it is the contact
force that affects the friction. So frictional force is proportional to the normal force, we have

Ff~ FN

Ff=μ FN , where: Ff is the frictional force . μ is a constant called the coefficient of friction,
which depends on the roughness of the two surfaces.
Frictional force on level surface

Frictional force on inclined plane

FN=mgcosθ

Exercises: Force
1. A person puts a 1kg box across a frictionless table. What is the normal force exerted on
the box by the table?
2. A person is pushing a 1.0 kg box across a frictionless table with a downward diagonal
force F = 10 N at an angle of θ = 30o as seen below. What is the normal force exerted on
the box by the table?

3. If it pulled by additional same force and angle, what will be FN?


4. If that 1 kg box slides on an inclined plane with an angle of θ = 30o, what will be the FN
and acceleration of the box.

5. Do all the questions if friction exists.

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