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ACTIVITY 9

The document explains the functions and types of electrical components such as circuit breakers, relays, contactors, and push buttons, highlighting their roles in controlling electrical circuits and protecting systems from faults. It also describes the refrigeration process, detailing the cycle of heat transfer using refrigerants and the components involved in a refrigeration system. Various refrigerants used in refrigeration applications are listed, including R12, R-134A, R22, and R600A.

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3 views

ACTIVITY 9

The document explains the functions and types of electrical components such as circuit breakers, relays, contactors, and push buttons, highlighting their roles in controlling electrical circuits and protecting systems from faults. It also describes the refrigeration process, detailing the cycle of heat transfer using refrigerants and the components involved in a refrigeration system. Various refrigerants used in refrigeration applications are listed, including R12, R-134A, R22, and R600A.

Uploaded by

cobbahclaudette
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACTIVITY 9

Relays and Contactors, Push Buttons…


Circuit breaker:
A circuit breaker is an electrical safety device that automatically
interrupts electrical flow in a circuit when it detects a fault,
such as short circuit or overload.
It is designed to protect electrical systems from damage caused
by excessive current and to prevent electrical fires.
The ability of the breaker to cut off current flow automatically
is called tripping.

A simple diagram of the circuit breaker is as shown below.

Mode of operation of the circuit breaker:


Normal operation: in normal operation, the contacts in the
breaker are closed, allowing current to flow through the circuit.
Overload: when an overload occurs, the current through the
breaker increases. The solenoid in the breaker senses the
increase in current and produces a magnetic field, which pulls
on the contacts. The contacts open and interrupts the flow of
current.
Short circuit: In a short circuit, the breaker increases to an
extremely high level. The magnetic field produced by the
solenoid becomes strong to instantly pull the contacts apart,
opening the circuit and stopping the flow of current.
Types of circuit breakers:
Single pole: breaks/controls one circuit
Two pole: breaks/controls two circuits
Three pole: breaks/controls three circuits
Four pole: breaks or controls four circuits
Miniature circuit breaker:

Relay:
A relay is an electrical component used that uses an
electromagnetic coil to control one or more switches.
It is used to switch on or off multiple circuits by sensing the
changes in the electrical input signal or signals.
A relay is an electromechanical component that is designed to
switch high voltage and high current loads to with a low
voltage signal. In other words, a relay itself does not provide
power, but it can be used to control the power to low voltage
machines.
For example, if you have a low voltage machine that requires
12V DC power to operate, you could use a relay to switch on
and off the power to that machine using a low voltage signal,
such as 5V DC. When the relay is energized by the low voltage
signal, it completes a circuit that allows power to flow to the
machine. When the relay is de-energized, the circuit is broken
and the power to the machine is turned off.
So, while a relay itself does not provide power to low voltage
machines, it can be used as a switching mechanism to control
the power to those machines.

Contactors:
A contactor is an electrical component that is designed to
switch high voltage and high current loads on and off. It works
by using an electromagnetic coil to activate the switch contacts,
which then allows current to flow through the circuit.
The main components of a contactor include the
electromagnetic coil, armature, switch contacts, contact springs,
and enclosure.
Contactors are typically classified according to their current and
voltage ratings, and there are many different types of
contactors available to suit different applications. For example,
there are three-phase contactors that are designed to switch
three-phase electrical circuits, and motor control contactors
that are specifically designed to control electric motors.

Push button:
The push button is a device used to activate or deactivate
circuits.
A push button is a type of switch that is designed to be
activated by a physical push or press of a button. It is
commonly used in various applications such as control panels,
machinery, and electronic devices.
Types: The start button is used to initiate the operation of the
device. When the button is pressed, it sends a signal to the
control circuit, which then switches on the power to the motor
or device.
The stop button is used to halt the operation of the device.
When the button is pressed, it sends a signal to the control
circuit, which then switches off the power to the motor or
device.
Both buttons are typically momentary switches, meaning that
they only remain in the on-state while the button is being
pressed. Once released, they return to the off-state.

Refrigeration:
Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an enclosed
space or substance, typically for the purpose of preserving or
cooling a product or environment. Refrigeration is used in many
applications, such as food storage and preservation, air
conditioning, and industrial processes.
The basic principle of refrigeration is the transfer of heat from a
low-temperature area to a high-temperature area using a
refrigerant, which is a fluid that undergoes a cycle of
compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. The
refrigerant is circulated through a closed loop system that
includes a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and
evaporator.
The compressor is responsible for compressing the refrigerant
gas and pumping it into the condenser.
The condenser is where the refrigerant releases heat and
condenses into a liquid.
The liquid refrigerant then flows through the expansion valve,
which reduces its pressure and temperature.
As the refrigerant passes through the evaporator, it absorbs
heat from the surrounding environment and evaporates back
into a gas. This process continues in a cycle, with the refrigerant
flowing back to the compressor to begin the process again.
A filter device is an important component in a refrigeration
closed loop system as it helps to remove contaminants from
the refrigerant.

Refrigerants used in refrigeration:


1. R12
2. R-134A
3. R22
4. R600A

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