1. A three-phase star connected AC generator is rated at 2.5 MVA, 11 kV, 60 Hz.

The
generator has a negligible resistance and a synchronous reactance 20 ohms per phase.
To what value will the terminal voltage rise when full load at 80% pf lagging is switched-
off? (5 points)
a. 14.2 kV b. 13.5 kV c. 15.3 kV d. 12.7 kV
Given: Required:
S = 2.5 x 106 VA VL = ?
V = 11 x 103 V
Ra = 0 ohm
Xs = 20 ohms
pf = 0.8 lagging

Solution:
6
S 2.5 × 10
I= = =131.216 A
V √ 3 11×103 × √ 3
sin θ=√ 1−p f = √ 1−0.8 =0.6
2 2

√ 2
E0 = ( V ϕ cos θ+ IR ) + ( V ϕ sin θ+ I X s )
2

E =√ ( V
2 2
0 ϕ cos θ+ IR ) + ( V ϕ sin θ+ I X s )

√( )( )
3 2 3 2
11×10 11× 10
E0 = × 0.8+131.216 × 0 + × 0.6+131.216 ×20
√3 √3
E0 =8198.804 V
V L=E 0 √ 3=8198.804 × √ 3=14.201 kV
If the alternator is running at no-load then V = E0 ; VL = E0√ 3

2. A 1200 kVA, 6600 volt, 3-phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of
0.40 ohm and a reactance of 6 ohms per phase. It delivers full load current at 0.80
lagging power factor at rated voltage. What will be the terminal voltage for the same
excitation and load current, if the power factor is 0.80 leading? (15 points)
a. 4560 V b. 9878 V c. 7898 V d. 4250 V
Given: Required:
S = 1200 x 103 VA VL @ 0.8 pf leading = ?
VL = 6600 V
Ra = 0.4 ohm
Xs = 6 ohms
pf = 0.8 lagging

Solution:
S 1200 ×103
I= = =104.973 A
V √3 6600 × √3
sin θ=√ 1−p f 2= √ 1−0.82=0.6
√ 2
E0 = ( V ϕ cos θ+ IR ) + ( V ϕ sin θ+ I X s )
2

√( ) ( )
2 2
6600 6600
E0 = × 0.8+104.97 3 ×0.4 + × 0.6+104.97 3 ×6
√3 √3
 E0 =424 9 .054 V
@0.8 leading pf

( )( )
2 2
2 VL VL
424 9 . 054 = ×0.8+ 104.97 3× 0.4 + × 0.6−104.97 3× 6
√3 √3
Using shift solve
V L=7898. 670 V

3. A 2500 kVA, 6600 V synchronous turbo alternator is operating at full load and 0.8 pf
lagging. This machine has a synchronous reactance per phase of 10.4 ohms and a
negligible resistance. Calculate the percentage voltage regulation. (5 points)
a. 48.56% b. 42.35% c. 45.84% d. 43.96%
Given: Required:
S = 2500 x 103 VA %VR = ?
V = 6600 V
pf = 0.8 lagging
Xs = 10.4 ohms
Ra = 0 ohm

Solution:
E 0−V
%VR= × 100
V
√ 2
E0 = (V cos θ+ IR ) + ( V sin θ+ I X s )
3
2

S 2500 ×10
I= = =378.788 A
V 6600
sin θ=√ 1−p f 2= √ 1−0.82=0.6
E0 =√ ( 6600× 0.8+378.788 × 0 ) + ( 6600× 0.6+378.788 × 10.4 )
2 2

E0 =9501.518 V
9501.518−6600
%VR= ×100=43.96 %
6600

4. A 6.6 kV, Y-connected, 3-phase alternator has a synchronous reactance of 6 ohms per
phase and a negligible resistance. At a certain field current the armature is known to
induce 5.8 kV per phase. Calculate the maximum power that can be developed by the
alternator at this excitation. (5 points)
a. 12 MW b. 11 MW c. 9.8 MW d. 10 MW
Given: Required:
V = 6.6 x 103 V P3phase = ?
Xs = 6 ohms
Ra = 0 ohm
E0 = 5.8 x 103 V

Solution:
 6.6
5.8 ×
P3 ϕ =3 ×
EV
=3 ×
√3 =√ 3×
5.8 × 6.6
=11000 kW ∨11 MW
Xs 6 6