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Trigonometry

The document provides a comprehensive overview of trigonometry, focusing on the relationships between angles and sides in triangles, as well as their applications in various fields such as physics and engineering. It covers basic trigonometric functions, their graphs, and identities, along with practical applications like finding unknown sides and angles in triangles. Additionally, it discusses the unit circle and the cyclic nature of trigonometric functions in the Cartesian plane.

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43 views

Trigonometry

The document provides a comprehensive overview of trigonometry, focusing on the relationships between angles and sides in triangles, as well as their applications in various fields such as physics and engineering. It covers basic trigonometric functions, their graphs, and identities, along with practical applications like finding unknown sides and angles in triangles. Additionally, it discusses the unit circle and the cyclic nature of trigonometric functions in the Cartesian plane.

Uploaded by

myschoolonthego
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trigonometry
Triangles may seem like simple figures, but the mathematics behind them is
deep enough to be considered its own subject: trigonometry.

As the name suggests, trigonometry is the study of


triangles. More specifically, trigonometry deals
with the relationships between angles and sides
in triangles.

Somewhat surprisingly, the trigonometric ratios


can also provide a richer understanding of circles.
These ratios are often used in calculus as well as
many branches of science including physics,
engineering, and astronomy.

The resources in this guide cover the basics of


trigonometry, including a definition of trigonometric ratios and functions.
They then go over how to use these functions in problems and how to graph
them.

Finally, this resource guide concludes with an explanation of the most


common trigonometric identities.
Basic Trigonometry

Trigonometry especially deals with the ratios of sides in a right triangle,


which can be used to determine the measure of an angle. These ratios are
called trigonometric functions, and the most basic ones are sine and cosine.

These two functions are used to define the other well-known trigonometric
functions: tangent, secant, cosecant, and cotangent.

This section begins by reviewing right triangles and explaining the basic
trigonometric functions. It also explains their reciprocals. The topic also covers
how to evaluate trigonometric angles, especially the special angles of 30-, 45-,
and 60-degrees.

Finally, the guide to this topic covers how to deal with the inverses of
trigonometric functions and the two most common ways to measure angles.

Identify the Sides of Right Triangles


Trigonometric Functions or Trig. Ratios
Sine
Cosine
Tangent
Review of Sine, Cosine, and Tangent
Secant, Cosecant, Cotangent
Sin, Cos, Tan, Sec, Csc, Cot
Co-Functions
Evaluate Trigonometric Angles
Special Angles: 30-Degrees, 45-Degrees, 60-Degrees
Using a Calculator
Inverse Trigonometry
Degrees and Radians
Applications of Trigonometry

There are actually a wide variety of theoretical and practical applications for
trigonometric functions. They can be used to find missing sides or angles in a
triangle, but they can also be used to find the length of support beams for a
bridge or the height of a tall object based on a shadow.

This topic covers different types of trigonometry problems and how the basic
trigonometric functions can be used to find unknown side lengths. It also
covers how they can be used to find angles and even the area of a triangle.

Finally, this section concludes with subtopics on the Laws of Sines and the Law
of Cosines.

Trigonometry Problems
Sine Problems
Cosine Problems
Tangent Problems
Find Unknown Sides of Right Angles
Find Height of Object Using Trigonometry
Trigonometry Applications
Angle of Elevation and Depression
Area of Triangle Using the Sine Function
Law of Sines or Sine Rule
Law of Cosines or Cosine Rule
Trigonometry in the Cartesian Plane

Trigonometry in the Cartesian Plane is centered around the unit circle. That is,
the circle centered at the point (0, 0) with a radius of 1. Any line connecting the
origin with a point on the circle can be constructed as a right triangle with a
hypotenuse of length 1. The lengths of the legs of the triangle provide insight
into the trigonometric functions. The cyclic nature of the unit circle also
reveals patterns in the functions that are useful for graphing.

This topic begins with a description of angles at the standard position and
coterminal angles before explaining the unit circle and reference angles. It
then covers how the values of the trigonometric functions change based on the
quadrant of the Cartesian Plane. Finally, this section ends by explaining how
the unit circle and the xy-plane can be used to solve trigonometry problems.

Angles at Standard Position and Coterminal Angles


Unit Circle
Reference Angle
Trigonometric Ratios in the Four Quadrants
Finding the Quadrant in Which an Angle Lies
Coterminal Angles
Trigonometric Functions in the Cartesian Plane
Degrees and Radians
Evaluating Trigonometric Functions for an Angles, Given a Point on the Angle
Evaluating Trigonometric Functions Using the Reference Angle
Finding Trigonometric Values Given One Trigonometric Value/Other Info
Evaluating Trigonometric Functions at Important Angles
Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

Although the unit circle in the Cartesian plane provides into trigonometric
functions, each of these functions also has its own graph. These graphs are
cyclic in nature. Typically, graphs of trig functions make the most sense when
the x-axis is divided into intervals of pi radians while the y-axis is still divided
into intervals of whole numbers.

This topic covers the basic graphs of sine, cosine, and tangent. It then discusses
transformations of those graphs and their properties. Finally, the topic
concludes with a subtopic about the graphs of the reciprocals of the basic trig
functions.

Trigonometry Graphs
Sine Graph
Cosine Graph
Tangent Graph
Transformations of Trigonometric Graphs
Graphing Sine and Cosine with Different Coefficients
Maximum and Minimum Values of Sine and Cosine Functions
Graphing Trig Functions: Amplitude, Period, Vertical, and Horizontal Shifts
Tangent, Cotangent, Secant, Cosecant Graphs
Trigonometric Identities

This is the point where trigonometric functions take on a life of their own
apart from their basis in triangle side ratios. The functions contain numerous
identities that illuminate the relationship between different types of trig
functions.

These identities can be used to find the values of angles outside the common
reference angles. In fact, they were the main tool available for doing that
before calculators.

This topic explains trigonometric identities and how to find and remember
them. It also explains how to use the identities to simplify expressions, which
involves a fair amount of algebraic manipulation.

The guide goes on to explain how to find the values of different angles based
on reference angles with the sum and difference identities and the double-
angle and half-angle formulas. The topic continues and concludes with more
ways to simplify, factor, and solve trigonometric equations.

Trigonometric Identities
Trigonometric Identities: How to Derive/ Remember Them
Using Trigonometric Identities to Simplify Expressions
Sum and Difference Identities
Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas
Trigonometric Equations
Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions Using Trig Identities
Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions Involving Fractions
Simplifying Products of Binomials Involving Trigonometric Functions
Factoring and Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions
Solving Trigonometric Equations
Solving Trigonometric Equations Using Factoring
Examples with Trigonometric Functions: Even, Odd, or Neither
Proving a Trigonometric Identity
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