PART-A: EMPLOYABILITY SKILL

UNIT-1 COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Communication skills are those skills which are needed to speak and write properly.

 One should have the ability to listen carefully, write and speak clearly in any situation.
 Listening, Speaking Reading and Writing skills are essential for effective communication.
 The word ‘Communication’ comes from the Latin word commūnicāre, meaning ‘to share’.
 Communication is a two-way exchange of information, i.e., giving and receiving.
 Speaking and writing to someone are examples of giving information.
 Reading and listening to someone are examples of receiving information

Elements of communication

Sender: Communication is a two-way exchange of information, i.e., giving and receiving

Speaking and writing to someone are examples of giving information.
Reading and listening to someone are examples of receiving information.

Message: The subject matter of communication is termed as messages. It includes ideas, feelings,
suggestions, order, etc., which a sender wants to convey to the receiver.

Encoding: The process of converting messages into communication symbols, which may be
understood by the receiver. It includes words, pictures, body language gestures, symbols, etc.
Encoding translates the internal thought of the sender into a language which can be understandable.

Channel: The path, channel or medium through which encoded message is transmitted to the
receiver is known as media. It is the carrier of the message. It can be in written form, face to face,
through telephone, letter, internet, etc.

Decoding: The process of translating the encoded message into an effective language, which can be
understood by the receiver is known as decoding. In this, the encoded symbols of the sender are
converted.

Receiver: The person who receives the message of the sender is known as the receiver. E.g.,
Students are receivers in the classroom
Different Methods of Communication

There are different methods of communication, which include non-verbal, verbal and visual.
❖ Verbal Communication
✔ Verbal communication is the sharing of information by using words.
✔ It is what most people use as a method of communication.

Type of Verbal Communication

Oral or Spoken Communication: Communication which involves talking Examples:
⮚ Face-to-face conversation
⮚ Talking on a phone
⮚ Classroom teaching, business discussion and public speeches

Written Communication: Communication which involves written or typed words.

Examples: Writing letters, notes, email, etc

Advantages of verbal communication

✔ Verbal communication is easy and quick
✔ Effectively convey the message
✔ Fastest mode of Communication
Disadvantages:
✔ Require attention throughout
✔ Can be misinterpreted if proper words are not used.
✔ Communication becomes difficult when sender’s style is different from receiver.
Types of Non-verbal communications
Basic parts of speech

The part of speech indicates how the word functions in meaning as well as grammatically within a
sentence.

There are eight basic parts of speech in the English language.

● noun, ● pronoun, ● verb, ● adjective, ● adverb, ● preposition,

conjunction ● interjection.

⮚ Nouns are words that refer to a person, place, thing or idea.

These are ‘naming words.’ ⮚

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun ⮚ Adjectives are the words that describe the noun.

⮚ Verbs are the words that show action

⮚ Adverbs are the words that add meaning to verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They answer the
questions — How? How often? When? And Where? Articles: The words ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ are known
as articles.

Articles are generally used before nouns. ‘An’ is used before words with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) sound
A is used before nouns with a consonant (all other alphabets) sound ‘the’ is used to refer to specific
or particular words

Conjunctions: Conjunctions are the words that join two nouns, phrases or sentences. Some
common conjunctions are ‘and’, ‘or’ and ‘but’.

Prepositions connect one word with another to show the relation between them. They usually
answer the questions ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘how’. Sentences: A sentence means a group of words
that makes complete sense. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop. It always
contains a finite verb.

A sentence may be a statement, question, exclamation or command. It consists of a main clause and
one or more subordinate clause also.

Parts of a sentence

❖ A subject is the person or thing that does an action

❖ A verb describes the action.
❖ Object is the person or thing that receives the action
Examples: Sentence Subject Verb Object I ate an apple.
Subject – I verb-ate Object Apple.

Types of sentences

Sentences where the subject does an action are known to be in the Active voice Sentences in which
the subject receives an action are known to be in the Passive voice
Example: Active Voice Passive Voice She wrote a letter. A letter was written by her.

Basics

⮚ Correct pronunciation will help us express ourselves in a clear and confident manner.
⮚ It will also help others to understand our words easily
. Types of sounds All English words are made of three basic types of sounds Vowels: The English
alphabet has five vowels (a, e, i, o and u) but 12 vowel sounds.[phonetics]

Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

1. Which of the following methods are used to receive information from the sender through a
letter?
a) Listening b) Speaking c) Reading d) Writing

2. Which of these is a positive (good) facial expression?

a) Staring hard Smiling b) Nodding while listening c) Wrinkled forehead d) Looking away from the
speaker

3. Which of these sentences use uppercase letters correctly?

a) I am Hungry. b) Divya and Sunil are reading. c) The bucket is Full of water. d) She lives in Delhi.

4. The process of converting messages into communication symbols, which may be understood by
the receiver is called -----------
(a) Encoding (b) Decoding (c) Feedback (d) compilation

5. Which of these sentences are punctuated correctly?

a) Where are you going. b) I have a pen a notebook and a pencil. c) I am so happy to see you! d) This
is Abdul’s house.

6. Fill in the blank with correct articles He is ------------- University student

a) the b) an c) a d) None of the above

7. Which of these sentences is in passive voice?

a) They are watching a movie. b) The clock was repaired by Raju. c) He is sleeping in the room. d) My
pet dog bit the postman.

8. Which of the following is NOT an element of communication?

a) Sender b) Message c) Receiver d) Gateway

9. Sharing of information by using words is a ____________ type of communication

a) Verbal b) Non-verbal c) Visual d) All of the above

10.Words that describe nouns are called --------------

a) Articles b) Adverbs c) Adjectives d) Verbs

11.Which of the following does not come under 7Cs of basic principles of communications
a) Clear b) Complete c) Correct d) Clever

12. --------- is the brain’s ability to make sense of what we see through our eyes.
a) Visual perception b) Past experiences c) Feelings d) Prejudices

13. “Speaking too fast may show excitement or nervousness”- is an example for which type of visual
communications?
a) Poster b) Touch c) Space d) Paralanguage

14 .Identify the subject in the sentence, “The children played football.”

a) The children b) Children played c) Played d) Football

15. What are the different types of sounds used in English pronunciation?
a) Vowel sounds b) Diphthong sounds c) Consonant sounds d) All of the above

[Diphthongs (combination sound of two vowels): We make a diphthong sound when we combine
two vowels. Diphthongs start as one vowel sound and go to another as in coin, loud, and side ]

ANSWERS: 1) d 2) a 3) d 4) a 5) d 6)c 7) b 8) d 9) a 10) c 11) d 12)a 13) d 14) a 15) d

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 Marks each)

1. What are communication skills?

2. Write down the elements of communications?
Sender, message, media, encoding, decoding, receiver and feedback
3. Write down the factors affecting perspectives in communication
4. Explain briefly the 7Cs basic principles of communications.
5. What are verbal communications? Give one example for oral communications
Verbal communication is the sharing of information by using words. It is what most people
use as a method of communication. Examples: • Face-to-face conversation: • Talking on a
phone • Classroom teaching, business discussion and public speeches

6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of verbal communications?

7. Define nonverbal communications?
Non-verbal communication is the message we send to others without using any words. Non-
verbal communication makes our message stronger. Using the right gestures while speaking
makes our message more effective. Knowing non-verbal communication helps us
understand our audience’s reaction and adjust our behaviour or communication accordingly
8. What are visual communications? Give examples
It is that type of communication, which involves sending and understanding messages only
through images or pictures.
The main advantage of this type of communication is that you do not need to know any
particular language for understanding it. Examples of Visual Communication • Traffic symbol
which communicates not to blow horn • Sign for ladies and gents toilet • Sign for flammable
substances
9. What are conjunctions? Give examples

10. Explain the different parts of a sentence

11. Do convert the following active voice in to passive voice.

a. She wrote a letter.( A letter was written by her)
b. He opened the door. (The door was opened by him).

12. Explain any two non-verbal communications.

Posture: Postures are positions of the body. They show our confidence and feelings. For
example, straight body posture is seen as confidence. Gestures or Body Language: Gestures
describe movements of parts of the body, especially hands or head, to express an idea or
meaning. This includes waving, pointing and using our hands when speaking. For example,
raising a hand may mean asking a question