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"RADAR USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR"

Conference Paper · March 2024

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Vijay M. Rakhade Lowlesh Nandkishor Yadav

Sandip Institute Of Technology & Research Center Tulsiramji Gaikwad-Patil College of Engineering and Technology
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 Volume 3, Issue , 2024 International Journal of Futuristic Innovation in
PP 336-345 Arts, Humanities and Management (IJFIAHM)

“RADAR USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR”

GAURAV LOHAKARE Mr. Vijay Rakhade Mr. Lowlesh Yadav

gauravlohakare21@gmail.com vijayrakhade@gmail.com lowlesh.yadav@gmail.com
Student, Department of Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,
Computer Science & Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science &
Engineering, & Engineering, Engineering
Shri Sai College of Shri Sai College of Engineering & Shri Sai College of Engineering &
Engineering & Technology, Technology Technology,
Chandrapur, India. Chandrapur, India. Chandrapur, India.

Abstract

Radar is an object detection system which uses radio waves to determine the
range, direction of objects. The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio
waves or microwaves which bounce off any object in their path. Arduino is a
single-board microcontroller to make using electronics in multidisciplinary
projects more accessible. This project aims at making a Radar that is efficient,
cheaper and reflects all the possible techniques that a radar consists of.
The proposed system “ultrasonic radar for the object detection distance and the
speed measurement” employs an ultrasonic module that includes an ultrasonic
transmitter and receiver. It operated by transmitting 40 kHz frequency pulse
which is not audible to the human ear.
Module rotate with step angle of the stepper motor with specific angle for a
specific time interval and the distance between the object and system is
measured by calculating time interval taken by the signal to transmit and the
echo reception Whereas the detected signal is shifted toward the module or
away from the module which give the information about the speed of that
detected object which is shown on PPI Display.
Keywords: radar, ultrasonic sensor, arduino, servo motor

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Volume 3, Issue , 2024 International Journal of Futuristic Innovation in
PP 336-345 Arts, Humanities and Management (IJFIAHM)

1. INTRODUCTION
Radar is an object detection system which uses radio waves to determine the
range OR direction of objects. Radar systems come in a variety of sizes and
have different performance specifications. Some radar systems are used for air-
traffic control at airports and others are used for long range surveillance and
early-warning systems. A radar system is the heart of a missile guidance system.
Small portable radar systems that can be maintained and operated by one person
are available as well as systems that occupy several large rooms.
Radar was secretly developed by several nations before and during World War
II. The term Radar itself, not the actual development, was coined in 1940 by the
United States Navy as anacronym for radio Detection and Ranging. The term
radar has since entered English and other languages as the common noun radar,
losing all capitalization.
The modern uses of radar are highly diverse, including air traffic control,
astronomy, air, antimissile systems; marine radars to locate landmarks and other
ships: aircraft anti-collision systems; ocean surveillance systems, outer space
surveillance and rendezvous systems; meteorological precipitation monitoring;
altimetry and flight control systems; guided missile target locating systems; and
ground-penetrating radar for geological observations. High tech radar systems
are associated with digital signal processing and are capable of extracting useful
information from very high noise levels.

2. AIM OF PROJECT
The aim of this Arduino Radar project is to achieve a radar system prototype
based on an Arduino board that detects stationary and moving.
3. OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT

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PP 336-345 Arts, Humanities and Management (IJFIAHM)

1. To develop an ultrasonic Radar.

2. To detect the fixed or moving object.
3. To measure the distance of the object from the system.
4. To measure the angle of the moving object.
5. Reducing human time and effort.
4. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
A brief description of the components that are used in the implementation of
radar using ultrasonic sensor project are states below:
4.1. Software requirements
1. Arduino IDE
2. Processing Application
4.2. Hardware Requirements
1. Ultrasonic sensor
An ultrasonic sensor works similar as of sonar. It can measure distance of
object by sending sound waves. Sound waves are send at a specific
frequency at a specific direction and listen for sound wave to come back.
time taken by sound wave to come back helps us to determine distance of
object.

2. Servo motor
A servo motor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular
position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a
sensor for position feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated
controller, often a dedicated module designed specifically for use with servo

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PP 336-345 Arts, Humanities and Management (IJFIAHM)

motors. Servomotors are not a different class of motor, on the basis of

fundamental operating principle, but uses servomechanism to achieve closed
loop control with a generic open loop motor. Servomotors are used in
applications such as robotics, CNC machinery or automated manufacturing.

3. Arduino
The Arduino is an open source electronics platform based on easy to use
hardware and software. The open source Arduino software makes it easy to
write code and upload it to the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X and
Linux. The environment is written in java and based on processing and other
open source software. This software can be used with any Arduino board. The
Arduino software IDE contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a
text console, a toolbar with buttons for common function. It connects to Arduino
and Genuino hardware t+o upload programs and communicate with them.
Program written using Arduino software are called sketches.

4. Bread board
Breadboards are one of the most fundamental pieces when learning how to build
circuits. In this tutorial, you will learn a little bit about what breadboards are,
why they are called breadboards, and how to use one. Once you are done you
should have a basic understanding of how breadboards work and be able to
build a basic circuit on a breadboard.

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5. Jumpers wires

Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing
them to be used to connect two points to each other without soldering. Jumper
wires are typically used with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to
make it easy to change a circuit as needed.

5. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

In this chapter we will discuss about the connection of all components.

For this Project we need a 5v power supply. We use Computer as A supply by a

USB cable which will directly connected to the jumper wire from 5v pin of
Arduino to positive pin of breadboard Then, we take another Wire that is
connected to GND pin of Arduino to negative pin of breadboard.

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PP 336-345 Arts, Humanities and Management (IJFIAHM)

Connection Diagram of Arduino Radar

Now we will Connect the servo motor to the Arduino. Servo motor has 3 Wire.
We have to give 5v supply to motor by Red Wire. We used brown wire as a
ground that is connected to the negative pin of breadboard. The last wire that is
yellow we will connect it to the Arduino digital pin 12.
Ultrasonic Sensor has 4 pins. Vcc pin connected to the 5v suppy by jumper
wire. GND of breadboard. Trig and Echo pin connected to the 10 &11 no pin of
Arduino. Trig pin sends a sound wave to the air and Echo pin receive the return
wave So, we can say that Trig pin is the output pin of sensor.

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Volume 3, Issue , 2024 International Journal of Futuristic Innovation in
PP 336-345 Arts, Humanities and Management (IJFIAHM)

Ultrasonic is a non-contact level measurement method that uses sound waves to

determine the process material being measured. Ultrasonic transmitters operate
by sending a sound waves, generated from a piezo electric transducer, to the
media being measured, The device measures the length of time it takes for the
reflected sound wave to return to the transducer. A successful measurement
depends on reflection from the process material in a straight line back to the
transducer.
However there are various influences that effect the return Signal. factors such
as Dust heavy vapours, tank obstructions, surface turbulence, foam and even
surface angles can affect the return signal. That is why the conditions the
determines the characteristics of sound must be considered when using
ultrasonic measurements.
6. EXPECTED OUTPUT

(a) Before Object Detection

7. APPLICATIONS
 Military Applications In air defense it is used for target detection, target
recognition and weapon control (directing the weapon to the tracked
targets). In missile system to guide the weapon. Identifying enemy
locations in map.

 Air Traffic Control To control air traffic near airports. The Air
Surveillance RADAR is used to detect and display the aircraft‟s position

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PP 336-345 Arts, Humanities and Management (IJFIAHM)

in the airport terminals. To guide the aircraft to land in bad weather using
Precision Approach RADAR. To scan the airport surface for aircraft and
ground vehicle positions.

 Space To guide the space vehicle for safe landing on moon to observe the
planetary systems to detect and track satellites to monitor the meteors.

8. FUTURE SCOPE
We have represented a project on ultrasonic radar for security system for human
or object interference in a short range. The system has been successfully
implemented and the aim is achieved without any derivation. There is a lot of
future scope of this project because of its security capacity. It can be used in
many applications. This project can also be developed or modified according to
the rising needs and demand.

9. CONCLUSION
A lab scaled radar system was designed and implemented using a Arduino, a
servomotor and an ultrasonic sensor. The developed system is able to read the
distance of obstacles and the angle of incident and convert this data into visually
represented information. The system performance measure up with other system
at its level as it adequately reports any obstacle. A very handy application for
this system would be in the area of object detection and avoidance system for
robotics or maybe in instrusion detection systems for location sizes where it
may not be economical to use multiple units to provide adequate coverage. The
systems range is dependent on the range of the ultrasonic sensor that is used. In
this system the HCSR04 ultrasonics Sensor was used which has a range
between 2cm and 40cm.

10. REFERENCES

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PP 336-345 Arts, Humanities and Management (IJFIAHM)

[1]. F L. Corp \Ultrasonic Transmitters vs. Guided Wave Radar for Level
Measurement (White Paper) by FLOCORP (Flow Line Options Corp.),2011
[2]. Dontabhaktuni Jayakumar , A. Pravalika, K. Purnachandra Rao „ Model
Radar Implementation Using Ultrasonic Sensor‟ , paper published in November
2014.
[3]. S. D. Gupta , A.A. Haque, A. R. Sudip Majumder, \Design and
Implementation of Water Depth Measurement.
[4]. S.G.N. M urthy, B.Sangoju, H.Wiggenhauser, N.R. Iyer , \Application of
Radar and Ultrasonic Pulse Echo for Testing Concrete Structures , paper, July
2009.
[5]. Milenko S. Andri´c, Boban P. Bondˇzuli´c, and Bojan M. Zrni´c ‟The
Database of Radar Echoes from Various Targets with Spectral Analysis‟,2010.
[6]. Aleksandar Angelov, Andrew Robertson, Roderick Murray-Smith,
Francesco Fioranelli1 ‟Practical classification of different moving targets using
automotive radar and deep neural networks‟,2012.
[7] Lowlesh Nandkishor Yadav ,“Predictive Acknowledgement using TRE
System to reduce cost and Bandwidth” IJRECE VOL. 7 ISSUE 1 ( JANUARY
– MARCH 2019 )

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