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Radar System Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor: © JUL 2022 - IRE Journals - Volume 6 Issue 1 - ISSN: 2456-8880

The document presents a radar system utilizing Arduino and ultrasonic sensors for non-contact measurements of distance, speed, and position of objects. It describes the design, implementation, and testing phases of the system, which includes hardware components such as an ultrasonic sensor and servo motor, as well as software developed in Java for graphical user interface. The system operates by sending ultrasonic waves and analyzing the reflected signals to determine object parameters, demonstrating applications in navigation and obstacle detection.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views7 pages

Radar System Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor: © JUL 2022 - IRE Journals - Volume 6 Issue 1 - ISSN: 2456-8880

The document presents a radar system utilizing Arduino and ultrasonic sensors for non-contact measurements of distance, speed, and position of objects. It describes the design, implementation, and testing phases of the system, which includes hardware components such as an ultrasonic sensor and servo motor, as well as software developed in Java for graphical user interface. The system operates by sending ultrasonic waves and analyzing the reflected signals to determine object parameters, demonstrating applications in navigation and obstacle detection.

Uploaded by

lalitdube1888
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© JUL 2022 | IRE Journals | Volume 6 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2456-8880

Radar System Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor


PRACHI GUPTA1, AMAN SINGH2, AVIRAL KUMAR3, PROF. V. V. MEHTRE4
1, 2, 3, 4
Electrical Engineering Department, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University College of
Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra India

Abstract- The utilization of radio identification and Ultrasonic innovation give help from issue like
running in better places, for example, army base, straight estimation issue, as it permits client to get non-
business use is finished with the assistance of contact estimations in this manner distance among
RADAR SYSTEM which involves electromagnetic object and its speed and so forth can me effectively
waves for discovery of various actual parts, for estimated.
example, distance, speed, position, range, course,
size and so on which can be either fixed or be moving. Speed of movement of sound wave relies on square
Utilization of radar framework has been grown foundation of proportion between medium thickness
extraordinarily exceptionally in field of route. In this and solidness. Additionally, property of speed of
exploration we learn about existing route advances sound can likewise be changed by regular habitat
and proposed an Arduino based radar framework. It condition like temperature.
enjoys upper hand over other radar framework as
unit diminishes power utilization and interface So fundamentally, a ultrasonic sensor sends ultrasonic
software engineer to wide reach or Arduino waves which goes in air and gets reflected subsequent
developers and open-source code. The framework to striking any item. By concentrating on the property
comprise a fundamental ultrasonic sensor put upon of reflected wave, we can get information about
a servo engine which pivots at a specific point and objects distance, position, and speed and so on.
speed. This ultrasonic sensor is associated with
Arduino computerized input yield pins and servo A handling programming and an Arduino
engine additionally associated with advanced input programming is utilized with equipment framework
yield pins. for discovery of items different boundaries.

Indexed Terms- Arduino, Ultrasonic sensor, Servo One of the most well-known use of supersonic sensor
motor, Simulation, is range finding. It is likewise called as sonar which is
same as radar in which ultrasonic sound is aimed at a
I. INTRODUCTION specific course and on the off chance that there is any
item in its way it strikes it and gets reflected back and
We know all that produces sound wave just by after estimation opportunity taken to arrive back we
presence and impact stream of air around them with can decide distance of item. In actuality, this technique
their normal recurrence. These frequencies are past is utilized by bats.
hearing scope of people. Wave of recurrence scope of
20000 hz and somewhere around there are called II. DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION OF RADAR
supersonic wave and these waves can be distinguished SYSTEM
by a ultrasonic sensor which assists us with getting
different information. The figure displayed underneath shows the
advancement life pattern of Radar project which
A Ultrasonic finder normally has a transducer which includes different step like plan of various parts, their
convert sound energy into electrical energy and testing, their execution and execution of whole
electrical energy into sound energy. They are utilized framework and their testing. These means can be
for estimating object position and direction, crash specified into following stages
evasion framework, observation framework and so on.
a) Hardware System Design.

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© JUL 2022 | IRE Journals | Volume 6 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2456-8880

b) Hardware Circuit Design.


c) Hardware system implementation.
d) Hardware unit testing.
e) GUI System Design.
f) GUI System Implementation.
g) GUI unit testing.
h) Entire system integration.
i) Entire system testing.
Figure3

Figure shows equipment framework plan which was


planned utilizing fritzing climate. It shows the
association of various gadgets parts. In the figure
setting off pins of ultrasonic sensor is associated with
D8 pin of Arduino; control line of servo engine is
associated with D6 pin of Arduino and D7 pin of
Arduino is associated with reverberation pin. VCC
pins of servo engine and ultrasonic sensor is associated
with 5V pin of Arduino while ground pin of Arduino
is associated with ground pin of both servo engine and
supersonic sensor.

Figure 1. Development life cycle of Radar System. (C) System circuit implementation on bread board –

Figure 4. Breadboard of the hardware system


implementation.

Above figure 4 shows total execution of equipment


Figure 2. Hardware System Design of Radar System. framework. It tends to be seen that ultrasonic
servomotor is set upon a servo engine and it is set
(A) Hardware system design for Arduino- above bread board. Arduino is set in breadboard in
Equipment framework comprise of fundamentally 3 opposite side of the breadboard and whole association
parts named as Arduino, servo-engine, and supersonic is made between them. Arduino and servo engine are
sensor. Ultrasonic sensor is mounded upon a servo stick to breadboard to prevent it from stumbling over
engine which assists it with moving and give it a when servo engine moves.
turning system. Both ultrasonic sensor and servo
engine are controlled and fueled by Arduino. As given Arduino IDE was utilized to compose code and
in above figure 2 we can see both ultrasonic sensor and transfer it in Arduino. Arduino code peruses position
servo engine is fueled by Arduino. of servo engine and ascertain distance of closest item
in the way.
(B) System circuit design-

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© JUL 2022 | IRE Journals | Volume 6 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2456-8880

(D) Hardware system testing - • Servo motor


A link was utilized for interfacing Arduino to foster A servomotor is a revolving actuator that takes into
creating machine. From Arduino IDE assisted us with consideration exact control of precise position, speed
getting bring about chronic screen. and speed increase. It comprises of a reasonable
engine coupled to a sensor for position criticism. It
(E) GUI system design and implementation - likewise requires a moderately refined regulator,
GUI was build in JAVA program language and it has frequently a devoted module planned explicitly for use
2 classes that are given in below diagram in figure 5. with servomotors. Servomotors are not an alternate
class of engine, based on major working rule, yet
utilizes servomechanism to accomplish shut circle
control with a conventional open circle engine.
Servomotors are utilized in applications like
mechanical technology, CNC hardware or robotized
fabricating.

Figure 5. UML Class Diagram for GUI sub-system.

Object class of radar project address object that it


experiences like distance, target/reach and
point/course of position of article. Distance () strategy
(), point () technique, area () technique takes the • Arduino
expected worth like distance, point and makes them on The Arduino is an open source gadgets stage in light
GUI to do recreation. Figure 6 shows line clear from of simple to utilize equipment and programming. The
one-course to other and a smear is made is GUI where open source Arduino programming makes it simple to
ultrasonic sensor sense hindrances. compose code and transfer it to the board. It runs on
Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. The climate is
Hardware description written in java and in view of handling and other open
source programming. This product can be utilized with
• Ultrasonic sensor any Arduino board. The Arduino programming IDE
A ultrasonic sensor works comparative as of sonar. It contains a word processor for composing code, a
can quantify distance of article by sending sound message region, a message console, a toolbar with
waves. Sound waves are send at a particular recurrence buttons for normal capability. It interfaces with
at a particular course and tune in for sound wave to Arduino and Genuino equipment t+o transfer
return. time taken by sound wave to return assists us programs and speak with them. Program composed
with deciding distance of item. utilizing Arduino programming are called draws

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© JUL 2022 | IRE Journals | Volume 6 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2456-8880

III. WORKING

The point of this undertaking is to compute the


distance position and speed of the article set at some
separation from the sensor.

Ultrasonic sensor sends the ultrasonic wave every


which way by turning with assistance of servo engine.
This wave goes in air and gets reflected back
subsequent to striking some item. This wave is again Figure 6. GUI Implementation for the mapping
detected by the sensor and its attributes is broke down interface.
and result is shown in screen showing boundaries like
distance and position of item. The Arduino code for the system is highlighted below;
import processing.serial.*; // imports library for serial
Arduino IDE is utilized to compose code and transfer communication
coding in Arduino and assists us with detecting import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for
position of servo engine and presenting it on the reading the data from the serial port
sequential port alongside the distance of the closest import java.io.IOException;
article in its way. The result of sensor is shown with Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial
the assistance of handling programming to give last // defubes variables
result in show screen. String angle="";
String distance="";
Arduino board conveys a message of +5V to the trig String data=""; String noObject; float pixsDistance;
pin of Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 which sets off the int iAngle, iDistance; int index1=0; int index2=0;
sensor. PFont orcFont; void setup() {

Then, at that point, it gives rotational activity at the size (1366, 768); //Screen Resolution
servo engine precisely fitted alongside ultrasonic surface.setResizable(true); smooth(); myPort = new
Sensor HC-SR04 so it can recognize the moving Serial(this,"COM5", 9600); // starts the serial
articles and situate inside 180 degrees. communication myPort.bufferUntil('.'); // reads the
data from the serial port up to the character '.'. So
The Arduino sends a HIGH heartbeat width of (10 S) actually it reads this: angle,distance.
on the TRIGGER pin of the sensor to recover a
progression of ultrasonic waves that engender through } void draw() {
the air until it contacts a hindrance and returns the
other way towards the sensor pin ECHO. The sensor fill(98,245,31);
recognizes the width of the beat to ascertain the
distance. // simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving
line noStroke(); fill(0,4);
The sign on pin ECHO the sensor stays at the HIGH rect(0, 0, width, height-height*0.065);
situation during transmission, in this manner
estimating the term of the full circle of ultrasound and fill(98,245,41); // green color // calls the functions
consequently decide the distance. for drawing the radar drawRadar(); drawLine();
drawObject(); drawText(); } void serialEvent (Serial
The LCD show shows the determined distance and the myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial Port
point of turn. The signal is an extra part, it rings when // reads the data from the Serial Port up to the
there is a location (Tone1 and Tone2) alongside LEDs. character '.' and puts it into the String variable "data".
The two LEDs alongside the signal decide the field
where the article is situated (close or far off).

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© JUL 2022 | IRE Journals | Volume 6 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2456-8880

data = myPort.readStringUntil('.'); data = 0))); line((-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),0,width/2,0);


data.substring(0,data.length()-1); popMatrix(); } void drawObject() { pushMatrix();
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the
index1 = data.indexOf(","); // find the character ',' and starting coordinats to new location strokeWeight(12);
puts it into the variable "index1" angle= stroke(255,0,0); // red color
data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from pixsDistance =
position "0" to position of the variable index1 or thats iDistance*((heightheight*0.7830)*0.025); //
the value of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels
Serial Port // limiting the range to 40 cms if(iDistance<165){
distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // // draws the object according to the angle and the
read the data from position "index1" to the end of the distance
data pr line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),pixsDistance
thats the value of the distance *sin(radians(iAngle)),(widthwidth*0.505)*cos(radian
s(iAngle)),-
// converts the String variables into Integer iAngle (widthwidth*0.505)*sin(radians(iAngle)));
= int(angle); iDistance = int(distance); }
} void drawRadar() { pushMatrix(); popMatrix(); } void drawLine() { pushMatrix();
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the strokeWeight(9); stroke(143,188,143);
starting coordinats to new location translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the
noFill(); strokeWeight(2); stroke(245,245,245); // starting coordinats to new location line(0,0,(height-
draws the arc lines arc(0,0,(width- height*0.12)*cos(radians(iAngle)),(height-
width*0.0625),(widthwidth*0.0625),PI,TWO_PI); height*0.12)*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line
arc(0,0,(width- according to the angle popMatrix(); }
width*0.17),(widthwidth*0.17),PI,TWO_PI); void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen
arc(0,0,(width-
width*0.270),(widthwidth*0.270),PI,TWO_PI); pushMatrix(); if(iDistance>166) { noObject = "Out
arc(0,0,(width- of Range";
width*0.377),(widthwidth*0.377),PI,TWO_PI); }
arc(0,0,(width- else { noObject = "In Range";
width*0.479),(widthwidth*0.479),PI,TWO_PI); } fill(50,60,70); noStroke();
arc(0,0,(width- rect(0, height-height*0.0648, width, height);
width*0.587),(widthwidth*0.587),PI,TWO_PI); fill(155,245,255); textSize(15);
arc(0,0,(width-
width*0.687),(widthwidth*0.687),PI,TWO_PI); text("20cm",width-
arc(0,0,(width- width*0.4755,heightheight*0.0833);
width*0.787),(widthwidth*0.787),PI,TWO_PI); text("40cm",width-
arc(0,0,(width- width*0.4260,heightheight*0.0833);
width*0.887),(widthwidth*0.887),PI,TWO_PI); // text("55cm",width-
draws the angle lines line(-width/2,0,width/2,0); width*0.3754,heightheight*0.0833);
line(0,0,(- text("75cm",width-
width/2)*cos(radians(30)),(width/2)*sin(radians(30)) width*0.3270,heightheight*0.0833);
); line(0,0,(- text("95cm",width-width*0.272,height-
width/2)*cos(radians(60)),(width/2)*sin(radians(60)) height*0.0833); text("110cm",width-
); line(0,0,(- width*0.227,heightheight*0.0833);
width/2)*cos(radians(90)),(width/2)*sin(radians(90)) text("130cm",width-
); line(0,0,(- width*0.173,heightheight*0.0833);
width/2)*cos(radians(120)),(width/2)*sin(radians(12 text("150cm",width-
0))); line(0,0,(- width*0.123,heightheight*0.0833);
width/2)*cos(radians(150)),(width/2)*sin(radians(15

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© JUL 2022 | IRE Journals | Volume 6 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2456-8880

text("165cm",width- 2. Meteorological Applications microwave radars


width*0.0708,heightheight*0.0833); used to give data about dispersion, type and force
of precipitation in climate.
textSize(30); text("Object: " + noObject, width- 3. UAV Navigations: Unmanned ethereal vehicles or
width*0.875, heightheight*0.0245); text("Angle: " + robots usually involved ultrasonic sensors for
iAngle +" °", width-width*0.58, checking any articles in the UAV's way and
heightheight*0.0245); text("Distance: ", distance from the beginning
4. Military Application
width-width*0.26,
5. Air Traffic Control
heightheight*0.0245); if(iDistance<166) {
6. Aircraft Safety
text( "... " + iDistance +"cm", width-width*0.225,
7. Navigation
height-height*0.0245);
}
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
textSize(25); fill(98,245,60); translate((width-
width*0.4994)+width/2*cos(radians(30)),(heightheig
I might want to thank my teacher V.V. MEHTRE for
ht*0.0907)-width/2*sin(radians(30)));
his master counsel and consolation through this
rotate(-radians(-60)); text("30°",0,0);
troublesome task. I might likewise want to thank my
resetMatrix(); translate((width-
companions who generally supported me all through
width*0.503)+width/2*cos(radians(60)),(heightheigh
this period.
t*0.0888)-width/2*sin(radians(60)));
rotate(-radians(-30)); text("60°",0,0);
CONCLUSION
resetMatrix(); translate((width-
width*0.507)+width/2*cos(radians(90)),(heightheigh
In this paper a framework radar framework was
t*0.0833)-width/2*sin(radians(90)));
planned with the assistance of Arduino, servomotor
rotate(radians(0)); text("90°",0,0); resetMatrix();
and ultrasonic sensor which can identify the position,
translate(width-
distance of deterrent which comes in its direction and
width*0.513+width/2*cos(radians(120)),(heightheigh
converts it into outwardly representable structure.
t*0.07129)-width/2*sin(radians(120)));
rotate(radians(-30)); text("120°",0,0);
This framework can be utilized in advanced mechanics
resetMatrix(); translate((width-
for object identification and aversion framework or
width*0.5104)+width/2*cos(radians(150)),(heighthei
can likewise be utilized for interruption recognition for
ght*0.0574)-width/2*sin(radians(150)));
area sizes. Scope of the framework relies on sort of
rotate(radians(-60)); text("150°",0,0); popMatrix();
supersonic sensor utilized. We utilized HC-SR04
}
sensor which range from 2 to 40 cm.

IV. ADVANTAGES
REFERENCES

1. Radar procurable value is very low.


[1] G. Bhor, P. Bhandari, R. Ghodekar and S.
2. Working and maintenance value is low.
Deshmukh, "Mini Radar," International Journal
3. Distance active resolution is high
of Technical Research and Applications, pp. 68-
4. Radar’s jam is troublesome
71, 2016.
5. It can work in any place
6. NASA uses radio detection and ranging to map the [2] D. B. Kadam, Y. B. Patil, K. V. Chougale and. S.
world and alternative plants S. Perdeshi, "Arduino Based Moving Radar
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[3] T. P. Rajan, K. K. Jithin, K. S. Hareesh, C. A.
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inside shut spaces. Detection based on Ultrasonic Principle,"

IRE 1703594 ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS 79


© JUL 2022 | IRE Journals | Volume 6 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2456-8880

International Journal of Advanced Research in [14] Idris, M. Y. I., et al. "Parking system utilizing
Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation wireless detector network and inaudible
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IRE 1703594 ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS 80

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