Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2012 ISSN: 2277 128X

International Journal of Advanced Research in

Computer Science and Software Engineering
Research Paper
Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com
Broad Band Slotted Stacked Microstrip Antenna for Wireless
Applications
Zakir Ali Vinod Kumar Singh Shahanaz Ayub

I.E.T.B.U, Jhansi

S.R.Group of Institutions, Jhansi B.I.E.T, Jhansi


Abstract: This paper presents broad band slotted MSA for wireless application. By using stacked configuration, cutting slot the
bandwidth equal to 19.70% is achieved. The antenna is fed by coaxial probe feeding technique and designed using stacking
configuration. The designed antenna operates in the frequency range of 2.713 to 3.304 GHz. The antenna is designed using air as a
dielectric substrate between the ground plane and patch and simulated on the Zeland IE3D software.

Keywords: Stacked, Broad band Antenna, and WLAN.


I - INTRODUCTION

Microstrip antennas are being frequently used in
Wireless application due to its light weight, low profile,
low cost and ease of integration with microwave circuit.
However standard rectangular microstrip antenna has the
drawback of narrow bandwidth and low gain.
The bandwidth of microstrip antenna may be
increased using several techniques such as use of a thick
or foam substrate , cutting slots or notches like U slot , E
shaped , H shaped patch antenna, introducing the parasitic
elements either in coplanar or stack configuration, and
modifying the shape of the radiator patch by introducing
the slots.
In this paper a broad band slotted stacked
microstrip patch antenna with compact size is presented
which gives a bandwidth of around 19.70%.


Figure 1. Geometry of proposed antenna.



II DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR PATCH

For designing a rectangular microstrip patch
antenna, the length and the width are calculated as below
2 / ) 1 ( 2 +
=
r
f
c
W
c
(1)

Where c is the velocity of light,
r
c is the dielectric
constant of substrate, f is the antenna working frequency,
W is the patch non resonant width, and the effective
dielectric constant is
eff
c given as,
( ) ( )
2
1
10 1
2
1
2
1

(

+
+
=
W
h
r r
eff
c c
c (2)


The extension length Ais calculates as,

( )
( )
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
=
A
813 . 0 258 . 0
262 . 0 300 . 0
412 . 0
h
W
h
W
h
l
eff
eff
c
c
(3)

By using the mentioned equation we can find the value of
actual length of the patch as,
Volume 2, issue 2, February 2012 www.ijarcsse.com
2012, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved
l
f
c
L
eff
A = 2
2 c
(4)


III ANTENNA DESIGN ANALYSIS

Figure 2 shows the designed antenna geometry. The
Antenna is designed using air dielectric of height 10 mm.
The Length and width of the patch is 52mm and 71 mm.
On this patch a U slot and dual rectangular slits are
digged of dimensions 39 by 4 mm. The slot cutting and
stacking is done to improve the bandwidth of the
microstrip antenna.

In the cavity model, the region between the patch
and the ground plane is treated as a cavity that is
surrounded by magnetic walls around the periphery and
by electric walls from the top and bottom sides since thin
substrates the field inside the cavity is uniform along the
thickness of the substrate.
The fields underneath the patch for regular
shapes can be expressed as a summation of various
resonant modes of two dimensional resonators. The
fringing fields around the periphery are taken care of by
extending the patch boundary outward so that the
effective dimensions are larger than the physical
dimensions of the patch. The effect of the radiation from
the antenna and the conductor loss are accounted for by
adding these losses to the loss tangent of the dielectric
substrate. The far field and radiated computed from the
equivalent magnetic current around the periphery.
From the cavity model explained above, the electric field
is assumed to act entirely in the z-direction and to be a
function only of the x and y coordinates i.e. [6-7]
( ) y x Ez Z E ,

=
(5)

The z-component of the electric field E
z

satisfies the two-
dimensional wave equation.
0
2
2
2
2
2
= E +
c
E c
+
c
E c
Z
Z Z
K
y _
(6)
The outward current flowing on the perimeter of the
patch must be zero (since the patch boundary is an open-
circuit). Therefore,

0 =
c
E c
_
Z
(7)
Where n is the outward normal vector at the perimeter of
the patch by using the separation of variables, the electric
field of the m and n mode number is
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
E = E
L
y n
W
m
Cos
Z
t t_
0
(8)

In order to calculate the far field, the aperture model is
used. By using Green's function the following general
form of the far field for any (m, n) mode

( ) | | | | { } u u
t
u
cos cos cos sin sin cos
2
y x y x
jkr
i i
r
jke
r E + E + E + E = E

(9)
Where
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
= E
2
cos 1 1
2
sin 1 1
W W
j
m m
x
, ,


( ) ( )
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+ E
2 2
sin 1
2 2
sin sin
2
0
t
q
t
q ,
n L
c
n L
c j a c
L
h
n n

and
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
= E
2
cos 1 1
2
sin 1 1
L L
j
n n
y
q q

( ) ( )
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+ E
2 2
sin 1
2 2
sin sin
2
0
t
,
t
, q
m W
c
m W
c j a c
W
h
m m

Then the far field components are given as
( )
t
u
sin cos
2
y x
jkr
r
jke
E + E = E

(10)
( ) u u
t
|
cos cos cos sin
2
y x
jkr
r
jke
E + E = E


(11)
Where
Volume 2, issue 2, February 2012 www.ijarcsse.com
2012, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved
u , Cos KSin = , u q Sin KSin =
0
2

t
= K and
0
=wavelength in free space.
Equation (9) enables one to plot the radiation pattern for
every mode of the rectangular micro strip patch antenna.



Figure 2. Geometry of proposed microstrip antenna.

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Figure 3 shows the return loss graph of
microstrip antenna which is about -16db. The slotted
stacked configuration antenna gives a bandwidth of
19.70% covering the range of 2.713 to 3.304 GHz.
making it suitable broadband applications.
Figure 4. & 6 shows the radiation pattern and the
3 D radiation pattern. The radiation pattern at 3.11
GHz frequency is shown in the figure. The
component E theta at phi = 0 is shown giving a power
gain of 1.56117dB.Figure 5 shows the 3D structure
of proposed antenna. Figure 7 shows the Smith chart
Vs Frequency plot which shows the input impedance
and S11 parameter. The structure is simulated using
IE3D simulation software.


Figure 3. Return loss Vs frequency plot of proposed microstrip antenna



Figure 4. Radiation Pattern of the proposed microstrip Antenna.




Volume 2, issue 2, February 2012 www.ijarcsse.com
2012, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved

Figure 5. 3D structure of the proposed microstrip Antenna




Figure 6. 3D radiation pattern of the proposed microstrip Antenna




Figure 7.Smith chart of proposed microstrip antenna.

V CONCLUSION

A broad band Slotted stacked microstrip patch antenna
has been designed for wireless and broad band
applications. The proposed geometry is designed using air
as a dielectric between the ground plane and patch. The
stacked configuration has given a better bandwidth 19.70
% as conventional rectangular microstrip antenna.



VI REFERENCES

[1] Y. X. Guo, L. Bian and X. Q. Shi, "Broadband Circularly
Polarized Annular-Ring Microstrip Antenna,"IEEE Transactions
on Antennas and Propagation, AP-57, 8, pp. 2474-2477, August
2008.

[2] B.K. Ang & B.K. Chung A wideband E shaped Microstrip
patch antenna for 5-6 GHz Wireless communications
PIER,75, pp- 397-407. 2007.

[3] Ayoub, AFA, Analysis of Rectangular microstrip Antenna
with air substrate Journal of Electromagneti waves &
applications Vol 17 no-12 pp 1755-1766, 2003.

[5] Tong K.F., Wong T.P.: Circularly polarized U-slot
antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag55, (8), pp. 2382
2385,2007.

[6] Nasimuddin Z.N. Chen Aperture coupled asymmetrical c-
shaped slot microstrip antenna for circular polarization, IET
Microw Antennas Propag. , Vol. 3, Iss. 3, pp. 372378, 2009.

[7] Shivnarayan & Babu R Vishvakarma Analysis of notch-
loaded patch for dual-band operation, Indian Journal of
Radio & Space Physics. Vol.35, pp.435-442.

[8] Mohammad A. A. Subhi H. Ahmad A. K. and Juma S. M.
Cavity model analysis of rectangular microstrip antenna
operating in TM03 mode, IEEE proc. pp. 0-2218-2223,
2006.

[9] S. K Satpathy, Vijay Srinivasan, K P Ray and G Kumar,
Compact microstrip antennas for personal mobile
communication, IEEE proc. pp. 245-248, 1998.

[10] Vinod K. Singh, Zakir Ali, Dual Band U- shaped
microstrip antenna for wireless Communication International
Journal of Engineering Science Technology, India, VOL 2 (6),
pp 1623-1628, June,2010.

[11] Pandey V. K. & Vishvakarma B R, Theoretical analysis
of linear array antenna of stacked patches, indian j radio &
space physics, 2005.

[12]J. R. James and P. S. Hall, "Handbook of microstrip
antennas," Peter Peregrinus Ltd, London, 1989.

[13]E. F. Bolinder, Geometrical analysis of partially
polarized electromagnetic waves, IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propag., Vol. AP-15, No. 1, pp. 3740, January 1967.

[14]G. A. Deschamps, Microstrip microwave antennas,
Presented at the Third USAF Symposium on Antennas, 1953.