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What-is-COVID-19-FINAL-v1

The document provides an overview of Coronavirus (COVID-19), detailing its identification as a novel coronavirus in December 2019 and its transmission primarily through respiratory droplets. It highlights the microbiology of coronaviruses, their origins linked to animal sources, and the symptoms and risks associated with the disease. Preventative measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 are also outlined, emphasizing hygiene practices and social distancing.

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3 views

What-is-COVID-19-FINAL-v1

The document provides an overview of Coronavirus (COVID-19), detailing its identification as a novel coronavirus in December 2019 and its transmission primarily through respiratory droplets. It highlights the microbiology of coronaviruses, their origins linked to animal sources, and the symptoms and risks associated with the disease. Preventative measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 are also outlined, emphasizing hygiene practices and social distancing.

Uploaded by

xeyore4979
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is Coronavirus (COVID-19)

David Anderson - World Health Organisation


Introduction
• 31 December 2019, the World Health
Organization (WHO) China country office
reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in
Wuhan, Hubei Province of China
• 7 January 2020, causative pathogen identified as
a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
• Initially person-to-person transmission not
apparent and the majority of the cases were
epidemiologically linked to a seafood, poultry
and live wildlife market (Huanan Seafood
Wholesale Market) in Jianghan District of Hubei
Province
• Case in China are now declining but there is a
rapid increase in Europe and Iran.
• Cases now in Africa
Microbiology

• Coronaviruses are enveloped, single-


stranded positive-sense RNA viruses.
• The envelope of the coronaviruses is
covered with club-shaped glycoproteins
which look like ‘crowns’, or ‘halos’ –
hence the name ‘coronavirus.’
• Coronaviruses are responsible for the
common cold, and usually cause self-
limited upper respiratory tract
infections.
Where did it come from?
• In 2003, a new coronavirus emerged leading to the SARS
(severe acute respiratory syndrome) outbreak.
• In 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
was found to be caused by a coronavirus associated with
transmission from camels.
• Following the identification of a cluster of pneumonia
cases in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, Chinese
authorities reported on 7 January 2020 that the causative
pathogen was identified as a novel coronavirus (2019-
nCoV).
• These new coronaviruses have RNA sequences that are
very similar to coronaviruses from animals
• MERS-CoV = camel coronavirus
• SARS = bat coronavirus
• The animal source of COVID-19 has not been identified
but is thought to be bats
How does it Spread (transmission)
• Main route of transmission respiratory droplets
(airborne transmission has not been proven)
• Excreted in stool (possibly faeco-oral) recent studies
show that it is not viable
• Mean incubation period 5.2 days, 95th percentile of
the distribution at 12.5 days.
• 14 days of isolation or quarantine is suggested as it
allows a window of 1.5 additional days.
• In early stages, epidemic doubled in size every 7.4
days
• Basic reproductive number was estimated at 2.2 on
average each infectious case gives rise to just over 2
infectious cases.
Who is at highest risk?
• Largest published series to date from China
• Patients with pneumonia the commonest symptoms were
fever (83%), cough (82%) and shortness of breath (31%).
• The majority (but not all) of severe cases are elderly or have
severe underlying illness
• Among pneumonia patients 51% had chronic diseases
Clinical • Health issues which make you more susceptible smoking
and hypertension
presentation • The elderly with other health problems

Number of cases and continue to increase


• 84% of cases a mild and recover at home
• 16% require hospitalisation and a small amount require ITU
(4%)
• Approximately 2% of reported confirmed cases have died
Signs and Symptoms
of
Coronavirus
Signs and
Symptoms

Coronavirus
Cold
Flu
How do I help prevent the
spread of Diseases like
Coronavirus?
• Avoid close contact with people who are sick
• Cover you nose and mouth with a tissue
when you cough or sneeze and then BIN the
tissue
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth
• Clean and disinfect frequently touched
objects and surfaces
• Stay at home when you are sick, except to get
medical care
• Wash your hands often with soap and water
for at least 20 seconds
”Social”
Hand
Washing
QUESTIONS?

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