Science
Science
The syllabus for Section 1 (Subject Expertise) in the CENTA Teaching Quotient (TQ) Test is as follows:
1 Force and Pressure: Force as a push or pull, Definition of force, Effects of force, Types of force,
Balanced and unbalanced force, Definition of pressure, Pressure exerted by solids, Fluid pressure,
Atmospheric pressure, Thrust and pressure, Buoyancy, Archimedes principle, Definition of friction,
Types of friction, Static friction, Sliding friction, Rolling friction, Factors affecting friction, Advantages,
and disadvantages of friction, Fundamentals of fluid friction, Understanding of fluid friction,
Comparison, of different friction, Types and uses of simple machines, Mechanical advantage,
Universal, law of gravitation, Free fall and acceleration due to gravity, Gravitational field, Mass and
weight, Kepler's laws
2 Work and energy: Definition of energy, Forms of energy, Kinetic energy, Potential energy,
Conservation of energy and momentum, Scientific definition of work, Work done by a constant force,
Power
3 Motion: Definition of motion, Types of motion, Graphical representation of motion, Motion and time,
Stability, Center of gravity and centre of mass, Distance and displacement, Speed, Velocity,
Acceleration, Linear motion, Uniform and non-uniform motion, Circular motion, Centripetal and,
centrifugal forces, First equation of motion, Second equation of motion, Third equation of motion, First,
the law of motion, Second law of motion, Third law of motion, Linear momentum, Conservation of
linear, momentum, Principle of moments, Rocket propulsion - as an application of the third law of
motion, Equilibrium of a particle, Common forces in physics, Instantaneous speed and velocity,
Acceleration -, as a derivative of velocity, Equations of motions for uniform acceleration, Motion on a
plane with, uniform acceleration, Projectile motion, Circular motion with uniform speed
5 Light and optics: Sources of light, Types of materials, Shadows, Rectilinear propagation of light, Solar
and lunar, eclipse, Light properties, Structure of human eye, Eye defects, Power of accommodation,
Methods to correct eye defects, Fundamentals of reflection, Types of reflection, Images and their
characteristics, Laws of reflection, Mirrors and types of mirrors, Spherical mirrors, Images formed by
spherical mirrors, Ray diagrams for image, formation - reflection, Uses of spherical mirrors, Mirror
formula and magnification, Different optical instruments, Types of refraction, Laws of refraction, Images
formed by different lenses, Refraction through a rectangular glass slab, Refractive index, Refraction
through a glass prism and dispersion, Refraction by spherical lenses, Image formation by spherical
6 Astrophysics: Sun, Stars and galaxies, Constellations, Constituents of the solar system, Inner
planets, Outer planets, Earth, Natural satellites, Artificial satellites, Orbital velocity, Time period of a
satellite, Moon - including phases of the moon, Parts of rockets, Rockets - fuel, propellent and
propulsion, Space exploration programs, Geocentric and Heliocentric models, Building blocks of the
universe, Age of universe - Big-bang theory
7 Matter: States of matter, Changes in states of matter, Particle arrangement in matter, Solutions,
Miscible and, immiscible liquids, Changes around us, Viscosity, Surface tension, Thermal energy,
Sources of heat, Definition of, heat, Temperature, Thermometer, Different temperature scales, Effects
of heat, Transfer of heat, Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Sea breeze and land breeze, Thermal
conductors and insulators, Specific heat capacity,
8 Electricity and magnetism: Electric charge, Electroscope, Types of charges, Attraction and repulsion
between charges, Transfer of charges, Coulomb's law, Force between changes, Electrostatic potential,
Electrical conductors and insulators, Electric circuit, Electric cell, Electric switch, Electric bell, Electric,
bulb, Circuit diagram, Series circuit, Parallel circuit, Combination of series and parallel circuits, Basics,
of a circuit, Potential difference, Resistance, Current as the flow of charges, Ohm's law, Factors on
which resistance depends, Resistance of a system of resistors, Electric energy and electric power, ,
Conductance, EMF, internal resistance, Cells in series and parallel, Introduction to magnetic effect,
Electromagnet, Safety practices while handling electricity, Introduction to chemical effect, Lightning and
thunder, Basics of heating effect, Electric power, Joule's law of heating, Applications of heating effect of
electric current, Magnetic field and field lines, Discovery of magnets, Poles of a magnet, Types of,
magnets based on shapes, Artificial and natural magnets, Magnetic and non-magnetic materials,
Magnetic attraction and repulsion, Directive property of magnets, Making a magnet, Loss of magnetic,
properties, Storing magnets, Uses of magnets, Earth's magnetic field, Classification of materials based
on their magnetic behaviour, Interaction of different materials with magnets
9 Mathematical Physics: SI units, Significant figures, Basic units - mass, length and time, Astronomical,
units, Micro-units, Conversion of units, Vernier calipers and screw gauge, Concept of least count,
Clocks, Ammeter, voltmeter and galvanometer, Physical balance, Measuring, the length of straight
lines, Measuring the length of curved lines, Measurement of area, Calculation of density given the
volume and mass, Calculation of mass given the volume and density, Calculation of volume given
mass and density, Measurement of volume
10 Atoms and Molecules: Size of atoms, Existence of atoms, Ions, Definition and Description of
Molecules, Molecules of elements, Symbols of elements, Molecules of compounds, Atomicity,
Electrovalent bonding, Covalent bonding, Ionic bonding, Coordinate bonding, Fajan's Rule, Law of
conservation of mass, Law of definite proportions, Law of equivalent proportions, Law of multiple
proportions, Dalton's atomic theory, Atomic mass, Molecular mass, Mole concept and molar, mass
Percentage composition, Stoichiometric calculations, Writing chemical formulae, Formula of simple
compounds, Relative atomic mass, Relative molecular mass, Atomic mass, Formula unit mass,
Thomson's model of atom and its drawbacks, Rutherford's model and its drawbacks, Bohr's model,
Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, Alpha and Beta Particles, Charge to mass ratio of electron, Charge on
electron, Atomic number, Mass number, Number of neutrons, Distribution of electrons, Electronic,
configuration, Octet rule, Oxidation states, Valency, Isotopes, Isobars, Application and occurrence of
isotopes and isobars
12 Molecular Structure and Bonding: Definition and description of Hydrogen bonding, Causes of
H-bonding, Types of H-bond
15 Matter: Pure substances, Mixtures, Pure substances: elements, Pure substances: compounds,
Heterogeneous mixture, Homogeneous mixture, Solid, Liquid, Gas, Mass, shape and volume of solids,
liquids and gases, Properties of matter, Particle arrangement of matter, Changes in states of matter,
Expansion and Contraction, Diffusion, Intermolecular forces, Avogadro's law, Behavior of real gases,
Gas liquefaction, Heat energy, Sources of heat, Hot and cold objects, Heat and temperature,
Combustion and flame
16 Chemistry in daily life: Changes and its types, Physical changes, Chemical changes, Material
properties- Hard, Soft, and other such properties, Sorting of materials, Separation of substances,
Fibres and types, Fabrics and Types, Chemistry of food, cosmetics, clothing and medicine, Solutions in
daily life, Alloys, Definition and description of drugs, Classification of drugs, Properties of acids and
bases, Reactions of acids and bases, pH concept, Importance of pH, Strength of Acids and Bases,
Indicators to distinguish between acids and bases, Uses of Acids and Bases, Neutralization of acids
and bases and importance, Physical properties of metals, Chemical properties of metals, Reactivity
Series, Occurrence, Extraction, Refining, Corrosion, Physical properties of non-metals, Acids and base
reaction for salt formation, Reaction of metal oxide with acid, Reaction of non-metallic oxide with base,
Potable water, Commonly used salts, Antacids, Artificial sweeteners, Preservatives, Adulterants, Soap,
Detergents, Dyes
17 Environmental Chemistry: Global warming and climate change, Corrosion, Rock and soil, Fertilizers,
Industries using chemicals, Fossil Fuels: types, occurrence, extraction and uses, Alternative Fuels:
types and uses, Definition and description of atmosphere, Layers of atmosphere, Ozone, Pollution in
the atmospheric layers- ozone hole, acid rain, Air and its properties, Composition of air, Importance of
air, Importance of air, Water and its properties, Composition of water, Importance of water, Water cycle,
States of water, Sources of water, Supply of water, Potable water, Water supply and purification,
Causes of water pollution, Water conservation, Layers of soil, Types of soil, Soil pollution, Waste
management, Non-renewable energy resources and their management, Use of Renewable Energy,
Recycling and Sustainability Goals
19 Plant kingdom: Plant parts, Types and classification of plants, Plant diversity, Adaptations in plants,
Medicinal plants, Plants in daily life, Growing plants, Sowing seeds, Agricultural tools, From farm to
market, Properties of roots, Types of roots, Modifications of root, Types of stem, Modifications of stem,
Parts of a leaf, Types of leaves, Venation and phyllotaxy, Leaf modifications, Parts of a flower, Uses of
flowers, Types of fruit, Parts of fruit, Fruit and seed formation, Germination, Factors affecting
germination, Parts of seed, Seed dispersal, Seeds in daily life, Modes of nutrition in plants,
Transpiration, Transport of water and minerals, Respiration in plants, Asexual reproduction in plants,
Sexual reproduction - pollination, Sexual reproduction - fertilization, Plant hormones, Dicot and
monocot
20 Ecosystem: Interdependence of living beings, Food chain, Food web, Maintaining balance in nature,
Habitat loss and conservation, Components of an Ecosystem, Pollution, Layers of the Earth, Living and
Non-living things, Habitat and niche, Adaptations of organisms, Ethnobotany, Types of natural
resources, Water- sources, Water conservation, Water pollution, Water purification, Water scarcity,
Wastewater treatment, Conservation of resources, Alternative Energy Sources, Role of individuals in
conserving resources, Role of forests, Threat to the forest, Forest conservation, Soil, Waste
management, Endemic species, Endangered species, Loss of Biodiversity, Conservation of
biodiversity, Importance of seeds in agriculture, Seed Storage and Preservation, Agricultural practices,
Agricultural implements, Crop types, Crop production and management, Crop protection, Challenges in
Farming, Methods of irrigation, Animal husbandry, Wastewater treatment
21 Health science: Types of food, Sources of Food, Methods of cooking, Diversity in food, Balanced diet,
Fuel used for Cooking, Basic cooking Equipment, Food spoilage, Food preservation, Nutrient types,
Sources of nutrients, Testing nutrients in food, Deficiency diseases, Malnutrition, Prevention of
deficiency diseases, Vector-borne diseases, Blood test for diseases, Disease, Safety and first-aid,
22 Cell, Microbes and Molecular biology: Family resemblances, Inheritance of traits, Mendel's
experiments, Mendel's law of inheritance, Sex determination, Inherited vs acquired traits, Mendelian
inheritance, Variation, Heredity and Evolution, Chromosomes, DNA and RNA, Introduction to microbes,
Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Infectious particles, Microbial diseases, Microbes in
Agriculture, Microbes in Industry, Microbes in Medicine, Microbes in Bioremediation, Microbes in
Environmental Processes, Microbes as Biocontrol Agents, Biotechnological Applications, Nitrogen
fixation, Cell structure, Cell organelles, Plant cell and animal cell - parts, Differences Between Plant
and Animal Cells, Levels of organization, Cells and organisms, Movement of molecules, Plant Tissues
- Meristematic tissue, Plant Tissues - Permanent tissue, Plant Tissues - Xylem and phloem, Animal
tissues - Epithelial tissue, Animal tissues - Muscular tissue, Animal tissues - Connective tissue, Animal
tissues - Nervous tissue
4 Classroom communication
Content delivery, Involvement, pace and individual attention, Online classroom communication
Classroom Management
1 Classroom management techniques, Technology in classrooms, Online classroom communication
Pedagogical methods and strategies
Pedagogical methods, Lesson planning, Teaching strategies, Life skill integration, Classroom
2 observation
Assessments
3 Purpose, Design and implementation, Insights, Remediation, Feedback
Communication
4 Verbal, Written, Sensitivity and clarity
1 Stakeholder management
Peers, Students, Parents
2 Self-development
Professional growth, Knowledge sharing
3 Professional development
Work planning, Teamwork, Logical ability