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Algae Part2

The document discusses the diversity of plants, focusing on red and green algae, including their classifications, life cycles, and economic importance. It highlights the characteristics of various algae groups such as heterokonts and their unique features like cell wall composition and energy storage. Additionally, it emphasizes the relationship between green algae and land plants, noting their shared traits and ecological significance.

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9 views34 pages

Algae Part2

The document discusses the diversity of plants, focusing on red and green algae, including their classifications, life cycles, and economic importance. It highlights the characteristics of various algae groups such as heterokonts and their unique features like cell wall composition and energy storage. Additionally, it emphasizes the relationship between green algae and land plants, noting their shared traits and ecological significance.

Uploaded by

kingmanisco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Diversity of Plants

BIO 221
Algae: Red and Green Algae
Review from Last Time
• Dinoflagellates (Dinophyta)
• Euglenoids (Euglenophyta)
• Heterokonts
• Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)
• Water Molds (Oomycota)
• Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)
• Yellow-Green Algae (Xanthophyta)
Brown Algae: Laminaria
Laminaria Life Cycle
Alternation of Heteromorphic
Generations
Fucus
Gametic life cycle
Heterokonts (flagella of two types: one
long hairy, one short smooth)

Unicellular, filamentous, or colonial


One More
Heterokont: Mostly freshwater (some marine,
terrestrial)
Xanthophyta Chlorophylls a and c and the carotenoid
(yellow- diadinoxanthin (no fucoxanthin)

green algae) Cell walls of cellulose

Store energy as chrysolaminarin (like


diatoms)
Vaucheria
Zygotic life cycle
• Mainly marine, ranging from unicellular to
large seaweeds
• Some are crusty (coralline)
• Some have very complex life cycles
Red Algae • Economically important
• Cell walls have an outer layer of
mucilage, which give us agar and
carrageenan (sulfated
polysaccharides). Agar—molecular
biology; carrageenan—chocolate milk,
ice cream, toothpastes, lubricants
• Nori (genus Pyropia)—wraps for sushi
and garnish in soup
Red Algae Biology
• Contain chlorophyll a (that’s it; no b or c) and
phycobilin (a red pigment, which absorbs blue and
green, which penetrate deeper into the water)
• Store energy as floridean starch
• No flagella at any stage of the life cycle
• Cell walls of cellulose
Porphyra
• Found in cold, shallow seawater (UK, Japan, etc.)
• Edible “sea vegetables”
Kappaphycus
• Yes, the PLANTS.
• Even though most books treat the
The Plants! Green Algae as a separate phylum,
they are a paraphyletic group.
• They also share THREE key features
with the (traditional) green plants
• Cell walls of cellulose
• Store energy as starch
• Have chlorophylls a and b
Plants—The Green Algae Part
• Very diverse group
• Morphologically: unicellular to colonial to highly
differentiated, large, multicellular bodies
• Habitats: Freshwater, marine water, soil, snow, trees
• Life cycles: zygotic, gametic, and sporic examples
• About 17,000 described species
• One group is more closely related to the land plants
(Charophyceae).
• Like land plants, the Charophyceae (1) hold the egg on
the parent, (2) sometimes have apical growth, and (3)
have spore walls with sporopollenin
Model organism for understanding
plant physiology, especially
photosynthesis
Ulothrix
Ulva
Acetabularia

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