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Lecture 3 - Free-Body Diagram

Free-body diagrams illustrate the magnitude and direction of all forces acting on an object. Key types of forces include applied force, gravity force, normal force, friction force, air resistance force, and tension force, each defined by their specific interactions with objects. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to diagram forces acting on various objects in different scenarios.

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18 views19 pages

Lecture 3 - Free-Body Diagram

Free-body diagrams illustrate the magnitude and direction of all forces acting on an object. Key types of forces include applied force, gravity force, normal force, friction force, air resistance force, and tension force, each defined by their specific interactions with objects. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to diagram forces acting on various objects in different scenarios.

Uploaded by

Ace Chicote
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FREE BODY

DIAGRAM
FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
▪ Free-body diagrams are diagrams used to show the relative
magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an object in a
given situation. A free-body diagram is a special example of the
vector diagrams.
▪ The size of the arrow in a free-body diagram reflects the
magnitude of the force.
▪ The direction of the arrow shows the direction that the force is
acting.
▪ Each force arrow in the diagram is labeled to indicate the exact
type of force.
TYPES OF FORCES
▪ Applied Force, Fapp

▪ An applied force is a force that is applied to an object by a person


or another object. If a person is pushing a desk across the room,
then there is an applied force acting upon the object. The applied
force is the force exerted on the desk by the person.
TYPES OF FORCES
▪ Gravity Force, W

▪ Also known as Weight


▪ The force of gravity is the force with which the earth, moon, or other
massively large object attracts another object towards itself. By
definition, this is the weight of the object. All objects upon earth
experience a force of gravity that is directed "downward" towards
the center of the earth. The force of gravity on earth is always equal
to the weight of the object as found by the equation:

W = mg
m = mass, kg
g = 9.81 m/s²
TYPES OF FORCES
▪ Normal Force, Fnorm

▪ The normal force is the support force exerted upon an object that is
in contact with another stable object. For example, if a book is
resting upon a surface, then the surface is exerting an upward force
upon the book in order to support the weight of the book. On
occasions, a normal force is exerted horizontally between two
objects that are in contact with each other. For instance, if a person
leans against a wall, the wall pushes horizontally on the person.
TYPES OF FORCES
▪ Friction Force, Ffrict

▪ The friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves


across it or makes an effort to move across it. There are at least two types
of friction force - sliding and static friction. Though it is not always the
case, the friction force often opposes the motion of an object. For
example, if a book slides across the surface of a desk, then the desk
exerts a friction force in the opposite direction of its motion. Friction
results from the two surfaces being pressed together closely, causing
intermolecular attractive forces between molecules of different surfaces.
As such, friction depends upon the nature of the two surfaces and upon
the degree to which they are pressed together. The maximum amount of
friction force that a surface can exert upon an object can be calculated
using the formula below:

Ffrict = µ • Fnorm
TYPES OF FORCES
▪ Air Resistance Force, Fair

▪ The air resistance is a special type of frictional force that acts upon
objects as they travel through the air. The force of air resistance is
often observed to oppose the motion of an object. This force will
frequently be neglected due to its negligible magnitude (and due to
the fact that it is mathematically difficult to predict its value). It is
most noticeable for objects that travel at high speeds (e.g., a
skydiver or a downhill skier) or for objects with large surface areas.
TYPES OF FORCES
▪ Tension Force, T

▪ The tension force is the force that is transmitted through a string,


rope, cable or wire when it is pulled tight by forces acting from
opposite ends. The tension force is directed along the length of the
wire and pulls equally on the objects on the opposite ends of the
wire.
Example 1
A book is at rest on a tabletop. Diagram the forces acting on the
book.
Example 2
A rightward force is applied to a book to move it across a desk with
a rightward acceleration. Consider frictional forces. Neglect air
resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the book.
Example 3
A car is coasting to the right and slowing down. Neglect air
resistance. Diagram the forces acting upon the car.
Example 4
A force is applied to the right to drag a sled across
loosely-packed snow with rightward acceleration. Diagram the
forces acting upon the sled.
Example 5
Example 6

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