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Sph4c U1l13 Forces and Free-Body Diagrams

The document discusses different types of forces including gravity, friction, tension, and normal forces. It explains how to draw system diagrams and free body diagrams to visualize the forces acting on objects. Examples are provided of calculating and drawing force diagrams for everyday situations involving gravity, friction, tension and other contact forces.

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Sagar Pajankar
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276 views23 pages

Sph4c U1l13 Forces and Free-Body Diagrams

The document discusses different types of forces including gravity, friction, tension, and normal forces. It explains how to draw system diagrams and free body diagrams to visualize the forces acting on objects. Examples are provided of calculating and drawing force diagrams for everyday situations involving gravity, friction, tension and other contact forces.

Uploaded by

Sagar Pajankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Forces and Free body

Diagrams

LESSON 13
F E B R U A R Y 4 TH, 2 0 1 1
Forces

Force
A push or pull; it is a vector quantity, symbol

The direction can be stated in various ways; up, down,


east, west, northeast, etc.
Every day we experience several forces. One of
these is the force of gravity.

Force of Gravity
The force of attraction between all objects;
symbol ; only noticeable if the mass of at least one
object is huge
The direction of the force is directed vertically
downwards towards the center mass of the huge
object. Example: Earths core.
The force of gravity is an action-at-a-distance
force; this means that contact between the objects is
not needed.
Example: If your pen is sitting on your desk, the force of
gravity is pulling down on it, but since it is at rest, it
must be experiencing an opposite force to balance the
force of gravity. The opposing force is the desk pushing
upward. This is called the normal force.
The force at right angles to objects in contact; symbol

Table
Friction

Another import force in our lives is friction. The


force between objects in contact; it is parallel to the
Contact surfaces and acts in a direction opposite to
any
Motion or attempted motion; symbol
Friction is will bring your pen to a stop if you try to
slide it across the table.
Types of Friction

Static friction
The force that prevents a stationary object from starting
to move.
Types of Friction

Kinetic Friction
The force that acts against an objects motion.
Types of Friction

Air resistance
Friction that acts on an object moving through air; it is
noticeable at high speeds and is a type of kinetic friction.
Another common force is tension, which is exerted
by strings, ropes, fibres, and cables.
Normal force, friction, and tension are all examples
of contact forces.
The forces exist where objects are in direct contact
with each other.
The term applied force, , can be used as a
general term for any contact force.
Measuring Force

The SI unit of force is the newton, symbol N. A


Newton is a derived unit from a combination of the
base units metres, kilograms, and seconds.
Drawing Force Diagrams

The use of diagrams helps us to explain or visualize


what factors are acting.
There are two types of diagrams.
System diagrams

A drawing of all the objects in the situation under


analysis
Free-Body diagram (FBD)

a drawing of just the object being analyzed, not the


entire situation, that shows all the forces acting on
the object.
Examples

A boat anchor held by its chain.

+y
A ball held in a students hand.

+y
A student pushing a text book on a table.

+y

+x
Questions

1. State an everyday example in which a force


causes an object to;
A. Increase its speed
B. Become compressed
C. Become stretched
2. You are facing east, in front of a gate that can
swing. In what direction is your force if you?
A. Pull on the gate?
B. Push on the gate?
Engineers say you cant push a rope. What do
they mean?

State the magnitude of the force to hold each of the


forces steady;
1.0 kg of sugar
A stapler of mass 0.20 kg

A student of mass 65 kg
The force exerted by gravity on a book resting on a
desk is 8.5 N [down].
State the magnitude and direction of the normal force
acting on the book.
If the same book is hanging from a string instead, what is
the direction of the tension force acting on the book?
For each of the following situations below, draw a
system diagram and an FBD for each object in
italics.
Your notebook resting on a desk
A tennis ball is falling through the air from the servers
hand. Neglect air resistance.
A fully loaded dogsled, moving slowly along a flat, snowy
trail, is being pulled horizontally by dogs attached to it by
a rope.
In the following, state the direction of each force
acting on the objects in italics.
A puck experiences friction on rough ice while sliding
south
The force of gravity exerts a force on you.

The force of gravity acts on the moon, keeping it in orbit


around the Earth.
The force of the wind pushes against a cyclist who is
cycling eastward.

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