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Editor-in-Chief & Publisher Sky High Ambitions: How Steel is Building India's Modern Airports
Avneet Singh
avneet@mxbm.in
India’s aviation sector is soaring to new heights, with airports emerging as
Project Director
G. S. Dadwal crucial gateways to economic growth and global connectivity. As passenger
gagan@mxbm.in
traffic surges and new terminals take shape, the challenge lies not just in
Senior Editor expanding capacity but in designing spaces that are efficient, sustainable, and
Mahesh Mudaliar
mahesh@ssmb.in architecturally iconic.
Manager - Sales
Sapna Bali A key element of modern airport design is the long-span roof structure, a feature
sapna@mxbm.in
that enables vast, unobstructed terminal spaces, ensuring seamless passenger
Manager - Accounts movement and an enhanced travel experience. With steel at the forefront of
Alok Singh
accounts@mxbm.in this transformation, architects and engineers are pushing boundaries to create
Sub-Editor
resilient, lightweight, and visually striking roofs that embody both form and
Sneha Iyer function.
editorial@ssmb.in

Jr. Sub-Editors In this edition, SSMB delves into the innovations shaping India's aviation
Madani Ansari
Vanshika Raigaga landscape. Through expert insights, we explore how long-span construction
content@ssmb.in
is redefining airport infrastructure, the role of steel in achieving structural
Design efficiency, and the challenges of balancing speed, sustainability, and scalability.
Sahil Kandalgaonkar
design@ssmb.in
Beyond aviation, we bring you groundbreaking projects like the Abellon Waste-
Client Servicing
Siddhi Surve to-Energy campus in Jamnagar, a pioneering example of sustainable urban
clientsupport@ssmb.in
development, and the transformation of a furniture manufacturing facility in Navi
Admin Mumbai, where design ingenuity turned an aging RCC structure into a modern
Ketna Mistry
admin@ssmb.in production hub.
Circulation & Subscription
G. Kaur And as Connect India takes us to Coimbatore, we continue our journey
enquiry@mxbm.in
of discovering and celebrating the bold innovations driving India’s built
STEEL STRUCTURES & METAL BUILDINGS environment forward.
Printed, published and owned by Avneet Singh.
Published at C-317, Wing - 8, Inlaks Nagar, 15
Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai - 400
061 and printed by him at Bodhisattva Enterprise, Enjoy the read!
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6 JANUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in
8 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in
 F U T U R E WAT C H

The Downtown One skyscraper,

designed by Dutch firm MVRDV, is
set to become Albania’s tallest building,
rising 140 m above Tirana’s skyline. Situated
on Bajram Curri Boulevard, the 37 storey structure
will incorporate a complex structural framework to
support its distinctive pixelated facade, which represents
a map of Albania. The building's design includes numerous
cantilevered volumes that extend from the main structure,
requiring advanced engineering solutions to maintain stability
and load distribution.
The primary structural system consists of a reinforced concrete
core, providing lateral stability against wind and seismic forces.
Steel-reinforced concrete columns and floor slabs support the load-
bearing framework, ensuring the necessary strength to accommodate
mixed-use functions. The cantilevered elements — projecting blocks
forming the pixelated map; introduce additional structural challenges,
necessitating the use of post-tensioned slabs and high-strength steel
reinforcements to counterbalance their weight and maintain equilibrium.
The facade integrates a modular grid system, with deep structural
framing to support the protruding volumes. Some of these units contain
outdoor terraces, requiring additional load-bearing considerations to
support vegetation and external use. The integration of these features
contributes to the concept of a ‘vertical village,’ while also demanding
precise calculations to prevent excessive deflections and vibrations in
the overhanging sections.
A multi-level basement provides car parking facilities, requiring deep
excavation and extensive foundation work to ensure structural
integrity. Given the seismic activity in the region, the foundation
system employs reinforced concrete piles and shear walls,
designed to distribute loads efficiently and provide resilience
against ground movement. The integration of modern
construction techniques, including prefabrication of
facade elements, enhances efficiency and reduces
material waste. Downtown One is a key component
of Tirana’s ongoing urban transformation,
incorporating both architectural innovation
and structural complexity.

10 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in

 BIG INTERVIEW

With a career spanning over three

decades and projects across the
globe, Sundar Chandramouli, Vice
President - Special Projects at
Bangalore International Airport Ltd
(BIAL), has consistently pushed
the boundaries of engineering
and infrastructure development.
In this exclusive conversation with
Sneha Iyer, Chandramouli shares his
inspirations, insights into large-scale
project execution, the evolving role
of steel in infrastructure, and what
the future holds for India’s rapidly
expanding built environment.

Building Big,
Thinking Bigger

12 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in

 BIG INT ERVIE W

You started your career in the early For example, in a project I worked on incremental costs.
1990s and have worked on diverse in Armenia, they had just experienced
projects globally. Could you share an earthquake and were trying to This shift in thought process is
some key milestones and what retrofit a state-of-the-art hotel in the the key barrier to implementing
inspired you to pursue a career in city centre. Seismic retrofitting was sustainable practices. However, with
infrastructure and construction? a significant challenge. Ensuring better communication, education,
It is a general interest in life and a that the available materials met and awareness, this barrier can be
fascination with the earth and the international standards and easily overcome.
environment we live in that inspired successfully completing the project
me to pursue a career in infrastructure in a landlocked country was a major How do you manage the
and construction. Whatever inspires accomplishment. complexities of coordinating with
me, whether it's astronomy, botany, multiple stakeholders in large-scale
biology, nature, or even computers, Currently, the work I am involved in infrastructure projects?
somehow finds its way back into the presents another challenge, where For any large-scale infrastructure
work I do. the entire spectrum of engineering project, a well-defined project
is visible. In civil engineering, execution plan is essential. We break
For example, if I need to explore everything from foundation work down the project into manageable,
nature-based engineering solutions and bulk earthworks to bridges and bite-sized chunks, making it easier
for construction or integrate buildings must be considered. The to handle and execute. This involves
computers and technology into the thought process shifts dramatically creating a clear strategy for design,
field, why not delve into artificial from small-scale structures to large- procurement, and execution
intelligence and see how it connects scale terminal buildings. Addressing while ensuring that each phase is
to infrastructure? I always try to all these aspects, from the smallest systematically planned.
relate my interests back to my details to massive infrastructure
profession, creating interactions projects, is what makes the work Most importantly, effective
and collaborations across multiple truly engaging. communication with multiple
disciplines, everything ultimately ties stakeholders is crucial.
back into construction. I believe every project should be Communication is so essential that
approached as a challenge. The once everything is clearly conveyed,
That is the motivation and driving question I always ask is: ‘Can I take the work starts happening almost
spirit behind what I do. It is difficult this on? Can I transform it? Can I automatically. It no longer depends
to quantify specific milestones in deliver it?’ Rather than defining my on a single individual but becomes a
my career because I believe every career by specific challenges, I view it collaborative effort.
project I have undertaken has been as a continuous process of accepting
a milestone in its own way. From and overcoming them. Providing a collaborative platform
working on groundbreaking projects is equally important. With internet-
in New York and New Jersey to In your opinion, what are the key based and cloud-based systems,
technology-driven initiatives in barriers to adopting sustainable team members can access
India, such as precast construction practices in the Indian infrastructure information from anywhere; at
and rapid-strength concrete, each sector, and how can they be home, at work, or on the go. This
experience has shaped my journey. overcome? access, combined with strong
Sometimes, the biggest barrier to communication, plays a key role in
I have had the opportunity to work sustainability is the perception that successfully delivering large-scale
with a variety of technologies and introducing additional sustainable infrastructure projects.
even gain exposure to challenging efforts will incur extra costs. People
environments. Every step has often weigh economic benefits India is witnessing a surge in
contributed to my growth, and in that against sustainability benefits, infrastructure development. How
sense, my career is a continuous seeing them as opposing forces. can the steel industry better align
series of milestones. with the needs of large-scale
However, we need to change infrastructure projects?
Among your projects, which one do this mindset and recognise The kind of infrastructure projects
you consider the most challenging that sustainability can also be we undertake require a significant
and why? How did you overcome economically beneficial. It depends amount of steel. However, we are
those challenges? on how we evaluate the economy - noticing a gap between India's
It’s about creating a challenge for are we focusing only on short-term manufacturing and production
yourself, taking a project and turning gains, or are we considering long- capacity and the scale of demand we
it into an opportunity to push the term benefits? When viewed over the are looking to meet.
boundaries of engineering. I think entire project lifecycle, the economic
that’s a much better approach advantages of sustainable efforts When dealing with large-scale
moving forward. will far outweigh the initial capital or structures, the steel sections that are

www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 13

 BIG INTERVIEW

regularly produced in India are often steel industry compare to global Additionally, the integration of
not sufficient. We need customised, benchmarks in terms of innovation, artificial intelligence in facility
heavy-duty sections, and quite often, sustainability, and efficiency? maintenance will revolutionise how
we end up importing them rather When it comes to innovation and we troubleshoot and anticipate
than sourcing them domestically. expertise, I believe India is on par potential downtimes, ultimately
with global standards. However, the helping to prevent disruptions. These
To address this, we are now changing challenge lies in improving efficiency three or four key aspects will be the
our approach. Instead of relying and raising the bar in terms of major technology drivers shaping the
solely on what is available, we are quality, safety, and tolerances. This is future.
proactively reaching out to vendors where we see a gap that needs to be
in a more collaborative, partnership- addressed. So far, we have completed only the
driven manner. We engage with first phase of Terminal 2 (T2). We are
them well in advance, asking if With a bit more effort, we can bridge already in the design stage for Phase
they can produce specific sections, this gap, enhance efficiency, and even
2, and over the next three to four
accommodate the required capacity, surpass international standards.
years, T2 will double in size. There is
and deliver, for example, a certain Technology remains a key driver of
an ambitious expansion plan in place.
tonnage within three, five, or six change in the infrastructure sector.
months. This kind of dialogue allows
Beyond T2, several other
us to plan ahead and ensure supply What specific technologies do
meets our project timelines. you believe will have the most infrastructure projects are underway.
transformative impact in the next We are developing a tunnel and an
Planning is critical in executing such decade? elevated taxiway that will span the
large-scale infrastructure projects. From a technology perspective, main roads, including the Boulevard.
When we look at international at Bangalore International Airport, These projects will require a
benchmarks and compare them with we are making a significant push significant amount of steel for the
what is required here, our goal is to toward sustainability. We are actively construction of elevated structures
ensure that projects like Bangalore experimenting with composite and tunnels. Looking ahead, the
International Airport not only meet structures and increasing the next five years will be even busier
but exceed global standards. recycling and reuse of materials. than the past five, with extensive
These will be the real game changers developments and expansion efforts
Having worked on international as we move forward. underway.
projects, how does the Indian

14 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in

 TECH TICKER

Silt Middelkerke, Belgium

Silt Middelkerke, located on the Belgian coast, combines coastal re-
inforcement, enhanced public space, and sustainability. Designed by
ZJA Architectural Studio, DELVA Landscape Architects,
OZ, and Bureau Bouwtechniek, the project addresses mul-
tiple needs, including the reinforcement of the sea em-
bankment, the creation of pedestrian-friendly areas, and
the unification of the boulevard and Epernay Square. This
innovative design also ensures that the coastal environ-
ment and natural landscape remain at the forefront.

Epernay Square has been transformed into a car-free

zone, doubling its surface area and improving access for
pedestrians and cyclists. This revitalisation also includes
a multipurpose venue for social and cultural events, as
well as a new beachside hotel to boost tourism. The de-
sign integrates these functions into the surrounding West
Flemish dune landscape, which previously had been over-
shadowed by utilitarian infrastructure.

The project restores a historical connection to the coastal landscape,

extending the sea embankment towards the sea to create open views.
An artificial dune with a green square, ponds, and fountains offers a
natural space to enjoy views of the sea while provid-
ing direct beach access, revitalising the area for both
residents and tourists. The thoughtful integration of
water features enhances the sensory experience and
creates a place for people to relax and connect with
nature.

The multipurpose hall, restaurant, and casino are in-

tegrated into the dune, with transparent facades of-
fering spectacular views. A hotel tower at the centre
connects these spaces, enhancing the overall expe-
rience. The design balances modern needs with the
natural environment, creating a cohesive and inviting
public space. A sophisticated lighting scheme further
highlights the architecture, ensuring the venue is as
striking by night as it is by day.

Sustainability is central to the design, with energy-ef-

ficient materials like cross-laminated timber, which
reduces CO2 emissions. The artificial dune provides
energy-saving benefits, offering shade in summer and insulation in win-
ter. The careful use of local, renewable materials makes this develop-
ment an environmentally conscious yet aesthetically pleasing addition
to the Belgian coast, creating a vibrant, sustainable coastal destination.

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 Parametric Precision

A Conduit for
Creativity

20 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in

The Polycab Experience Centre, located between Va- cents in the interiors, and Low-E double glass to reduce
dodara and Halol, serves as an office space, an experi- solar radiation. The parametrically designed facade sys-
ential hub and an auditorium for employees, positioned tem strategically shades the glass, which is only used
beside Polycab's existing factories. Sustainability, a core on the east and south sides to preserve views, while the
pillar for Polycab, shapes its aesthetic and functional west and north remain mostly opaque.
identity through the facade design, solar panels, and
eco-conscious features. This dynamic and engaging This design maximises daylight, enhances energy ef-
space enhances the employee experience and stands ficiency, and ensures unobstructed views of the sur-
as a statement of Polycab’s values, seamlessly blend- rounding hills. Stone and texture paint are used for fin-
ing design with practicality. ishes, creating a refined yet durable aesthetic. Despite
its contemporary material palette, approximately 70 per
Inspired by Vadodara’s meaning, ‘banyan forest,’ the de- cent of the construction materials are locally sourced
sign features a triple-height entry lobby with a copper within 100 km of the site, reducing the energy footprint,
mural symbolising both the banyan tree and an elec- ensuring sustainability and regional integration.
trical circuit, paying homage to copper’s significance
in the cable industry. A chandelier of floating symbolic The project minimises direct sun exposure while en-
leaves adds a sculptural touch, creating a striking and suring ample daylight through internal courtyards. A
meaningful welcome for visitors. 190 kW solar roof meets 50-60 per cent of the build-
Sriram Ramakrishnan, Principal Architect of FHD India ing’s energy needs and includes water pipes for easy
and Chirag Patel, Owner of Vikram Builders highlight the maintenance. Along with solar panels on neighbouring
project's integration of indoor and outdoor spaces. De- buildings, the project moves close to Net Zero. Efficient
signed to maximise shading and provide spillover areas, water management and waste management strategies
these outdoor zones enhance employee comfort while further enhance sustainability.
fostering a dynamic and engaging work environment.
Crafted Crest Energy during construction is a major challenge, with
The experience centre was awarded by Polycab India diesel generators often used. In this project, solar pan-
Ltd in 2018 with a competitive 12 month timeline and els were installed after the slabs, providing sustainable
a total project value of Rs 15 crore (excluding cement
and reinforcement steel). The building follows a G+2
configuration with a distinctive semi-circular shape, fea-
turing a striking glass facade at the front. Its entrance
showcases a 11 m high ribbed beam construction with
columns placed 12 m apart.

A standout feature is the 15 m cantilevered entry gate,

an unconventional choice in an industrial area where
framed gates are the norm for accommodating heavy
vehicles. Positioned along a highway, this bold design
element immediately captures attention, setting the
tone for the innovative architecture within.
Monumental Mastery
Despite the project being an RCC structure, steel plays
a critical role in the project’s sustainability, aesthetics,
and structural integrity. The solar panels are mounted “Sustainability is often seen as an add-on to a
on a steel framework, ensuring workability, aesthetics finished design, but at FHD India, we strongly
and easy maintenance while making them a prominent believe that it must be integral at every stage of
part of the elevation. design — from early concept to final execution.
This project stands as an icon for Halol and is
The cantilevered entry gate relies entirely on steel for its recognised as one of the best sustainable and
bold design, establishing the building as a landmark in commercial typology designs across India. I
the industrial town. Steel also supports the aluminium am deeply grateful to the client and all stake-
box sections that form the facade, providing essential holders who helped turn this vision into reality.”
structural stability, while the maintenance members for finished design, but at FHD India, we strongly
the facade are also made of steel for durability. believe that it must be integral at every stage of
design — from early concept to final execution.
The design is made possible by strategic steel inte- This project stands as an icon for Halol and is
gration, including the curved coffer beams within the recognised as one of the best sustainable and
RCC structure that support the auditorium from below. commercial typology designs across India. I
These beams not only ensure structural integrity but am deeply grateful to the client and all stake-
also serve as an aesthetic ceiling in the entry atrium, holders who helped turn this vision into reality.”
seamlessly blending function with design.
Sustainable Showcase -SRIRAM RAMAKRISHNAN,
The project also showcases the innovative use of ma- Principal Architect, FHD India
terials, incorporating aluminium facade fins, copper ac-
www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 21
energy for completing the facade and interiors and re- ing it a success for all stakeholders.
ducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Transformative Timeline With the building height exceeding 15 m, safety require-
In order to ensure smooth and uninterrupted construc- ments and compliance were of utmost importance. The
tion, the contractors, Vikram Builders, deployed a team contractor’s team ensured that all workmen used the
of experienced engineers, including three site engi- required PPE, while agencies received regular training
neers, four supervisors, and additional support staff, all on potential site hazards. These measures helped suc-
personally monitored by a senior official. cessfully complete the project without a single fatal in-
cident.
Given the project's significance to Polycab, the con-

01
tractor’s management team conducted weekly reviews
in close coordination with the architects and structur-
al consultants, minimising bottlenecks and ensuring
steady progress on-site.

Materials such as cement and reinforcement steel

were estimated based on GFC drawings, with Polycab
ensuring seamless delivery to prevent shortages. VB
ensured that the construction materials were avail- Rhino & Grasshopper:
able and stacked on-site in advance of the consump- For climate studies and parametric
tion matrix, preventing any shortages. Additionally, they facade design.
also engaged various trade technical agencies to meet

02
the tight schedule and consistently kept construction
ahead of targets.

During the project, two major interruptions had to be

managed - the Holi festival and the heavy monsoon,
with delayed downpours during August-September
2018-19. These challenges slowed progress, the lost
time was recovered by working extended hours. Precise
estimations by structural consultants, Padaria Associ- AutoCAD Suite & SketchUp:
ates, ensured minimal overruns in key materials. While Used during early design stages
changes during the execution were inevitable, strong for drafting and visualisation.
coordination between the Polycab team, structural con-

03
sultants, and contractors kept the project on track, mak-

BIM-Revit:
Deployed for all construction
drawings, enabling precise
coordination and detailed wall
sections.

04
“This building essentially serves as Polycab’s
main corporate office and product display cen-
tre. With close coordination between the team,
architects, and structural consultants, con-
struction progressed smoothly with minimal
bottlenecks. As a green building with unique
architectural and display features, it was an ex-
citing challenge to construct it in the shortest
possible time.” Advanced MEP Analysis Tools:
Used by consultants to study
CHIRAG PATEL, radiation and heating, optimising
Owner,Vikram Builders the facade design.

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 w h a t ’s n e w

Grande Nef de l'Île-des-Vannes Renovation, France

The renovation of the Grande Nef de l'Île-des-Vannes
focused on restoring and reinforcing its structural integrity
while adapting it for modern use. Originally designed in
1971, the venue suffered from severe deterioration, requiring
extensive structural repairs to ensure safety, durability,
and compliance with contemporary building standards.
Chatillon Architectes led the refurbishment, implementing
advanced engineering solutions to strengthen the existing
framework while preserving the distinctive architectural
features.

The original structure consists of two massive inclined

concrete arches spanning 25 metres, braced by facade
posts and interconnected by a network of tie rods that
support the roof. The renovation included the repair and
reinforcement of these key load-bearing elements to
restore their original strength. Concrete deterioration was
addressed through structural rehabilitation techniques,
ensuring the stability of the venue for long-term use.
Additionally, the building’s foundation was examined and
upgraded where necessary to prevent future settlement
issues.

A significant challenge was improving the building’s

thermal and acoustic performance without compromising
its design. The translucent polycarbonate facade, a
defining feature of the 1970s construction, was replaced
with a double-skin insulated cladding system. This upgrade
not only improved energy efficiency but also maintained
the venue’s unique natural light qualities. The roof was
fitted with a synthetic membrane to enhance insulation
and weather resistance while preserving its curved form,
inspired by maritime structures.

To meet modern safety and accessibility standards, the

renovation incorporated new structural elements, including
reinforced flooring systems designed to support high-
impact sports activities. Acoustic wood panelling was
added to improve sound control, and original lighting
fixtures were replaced with LED systems integrated into the
existing framework. HVAC ducts were suspended beneath
the arches to enhance indoor climate control without
altering the architectural composition.

www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 29

 An MX Business Network & Tata Structura Initiative
DESIGN WITH STEEL

In this interview, Principal Architect Nishanth Vijayputra of Morphemy speaks with Madani

Ansari about the firm’s computational design approach and the crucial role of steel in their

projects. Read on to know how Vijayputra addresses common misconceptions, discusses

innovtive fabrication techniques, and reflects on steel’s potential to transform India’s urban

landscape and infrastructure.

What role does steel play in achieving How do you balance aesthetics and a result, we carefully consider the
architectural versatility in your functionality when designing with balance between RCC and steel in our
projects? steel? projects.
We are a computational design Steel is inherently beautiful. For
and architectural practice working example, the I-section is a stunning How does designing with steel
at the intersection of architecture, structural detail. One of my support your approach to
spatial design, and urbanism. We are architectural heroes, Mies van der sustainability and green building
influenced and driven by inspirations Rohe, designed the Sears Tower practices?
from nature, context and history. in Chicago — one of the first glass Steel is a reusable material, making
Steel plays a crucial role in our work, skyscrapers in the world, which is truly it a valuable choice for sustainable
particularly when designing large- remarkable. In the Barcelona Pavilion, building design. We are mindful
span structures or creating expressive he also celebrated the I-section, of how and where we source our
structural forms. Our approach cladding it in chrome and deliberately steel, prioritising plants closer to the
celebrates structure, emphasising its showcasing it at the centre of the project site. For instance, if a project
inherent beauty rather than relying space. is in Hyderabad, we source steel from
solely on geometric or facade- nearby suppliers like Vizag Steel to
based design. We like to express the While all materials have their beauty, reduce transportation costs.
structure itself and have used steel steel stands out for its slenderness.
in various ways, especially to achieve When we aim for a lighter, more Moreover, for spaces that need to
our parametric and computational elegant design, we strategically be reconfigured or have a shorter
designs. It is an essential material use steel in our buildings. However, lifespan; such as 10 to 15 years, we
for architectural and structural we must also balance cost and prefer using steel. Unlike concrete,
expression. economics, especially in India, where which is more permanent and requires
RCC structures are predominant. As significant energy for demolition,

30 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in

steel can be easily reused rather than Steel is the ideal choice when we comfortable working with standard
discarded. aim for slenderness, gracefulness, RCC structures and typical spans.
and a sense of floating or extended However, when we propose non-
What are some misconceptions about cantilevers. In contrast, using concrete traditional forms, we need engineers
designing with steel that you have as a substitute often results in heavier, who see these challenges as exciting
encountered? bulkier structures that may not achieve opportunities rather than obstacles.
I think the major concern, though not the desired aesthetic or structural
necessarily a misconception, when expression unless heavily reinforced. A building’s success is directly tied
considering steel as a substitute Instead of relying on excessive to the strength and creativity of its
material is cost. People are often reinforcement, we sometimes use structural support. That is why we
apprehensive about its expense. steel alone to create the intended seek out engineers who enjoy pushing
architectural form. boundaries and finding innovative
However, we always conduct a cost- solutions.
based analysis to design a structure What is the most creative or
that remains economical. For instance, unconventional use of steel you have What advice would you give to
we sometimes use light-gauge steel implemented or admired? upcoming architects exploring the
structures. When we needed to Toyo Ito’s Serpentine Gallery Pavilion potential of steel in their designs?
complete a project quickly, such as comes to mind. It appeared to be an Steel has immense potential, and it
building an office for a real estate extremely complex random pattern is valuable to become familiar with
developer’s marketing and sales space that proved to derive from an algorithm its versatility. It is also fascinating to
on-site, we opted for light-gauge steel of a cube that expanded as it rotated. explore projects that have successfully
instead of using standard shipping The numerous triangles and trapezoids utilised steel in innovative ways.
containers, which lacked character. formed by this system of intersecting
lines were clad to be either transparent For example, Santiago Calatrava has
By designing a structure tailored to the or translucent, giving a sense of created stunning projects primarily
project and using light-gauge steel, infinitely repeated motion. using steel. One notable example is
we kept costs down while creating a the Science Park in Valencia, which
unique architectural form. The entire How do you approach collaborations features elegant steel structures. One
structure was erected in just 40 days. with engineers and fabricators when of its gardens consists of a simple
working on steel-intensive projects? arched steel framework with louvres,
In your opinion, how does steel The main quality we seek in forming a container for tropical plants
compare to other materials when engineers is enthusiasm for tackling to grow beneath. The structure itself is
addressing modern architectural unconventional designs. Often, we both beautiful and organic, relying on
challenges? find that many professionals are design to achieve its impact. There are

www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 31

countless other examples, and this is This is an area I find particularly In contrast, many flyovers and bridges
just one that highlights the incredible interesting and exciting. We have that rely heavily on concrete tend to
possibilities of steel in architecture. worked with various specialists, dominate the urban landscape visually.
including those who design internal Steel, on the other hand, offers a
Are there any advancements in steel structural frameworks for large sense of elegance that is essential for
technology or fabrication that you are statues. Optimising these structures infrastructure like bridges.
particularly excited about? is a fascinating challenge, and
I would love to see a wider adoption I look forward to seeing further The same applies to airports.
in India of the ability to execute non- advancements in this field. Comparing Chennai and Hyderabad
conventional and non-standard airports, the Hyderabad airport appears
forms more seamlessly. One of the What role do you think steel will play far more graceful due to its extensive
biggest challenges is finding the right in redefining urban landscapes and use of steel. The elegant trusses
partners who have access to advanced infrastructure in India? running across its structure create a
industrial robots capable of precise One example is our reliance on light and airy feel. In contrast, Chennai
fabrication. concrete because it is cost-effective. airport’s concrete elements appear
While concrete is commonly reinforced bulky and overwhelming, especially
For example, if a design requires with steel, the way steel is utilised when taking off or landing, as the large
steel columns or structures to branch significantly influences a structure's columns are immediately noticeable.
out like a tree, achieving this level of elegance and slenderness. Steel plays a crucial role in enhancing
complexity demands both innovative urban aesthetics, making cities feel
design and cutting-edge manufacturing Take, for instance, the Mumbai Trans more open and refined.
techniques. Collaboration between Harbour Link (MTHL), also known as
designers and manufacturers is crucial Atal Setu; it is primarily a steel bridge,
to bringing such ideas to life. making it both graceful and slender.

32 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in

 A DV E R TO RI A L

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www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 33

ECHOES &
ESPRESSO
Fact File
Project: Coffee House New Town, Kolkata
Client: West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development
Corporation (WBHIDCO)
Architect: Ar Tamal Chaudhuri & Associates
Structural Consultant: SGS Consultants and
M.N. Consultants
Project Management: WBHIDCO
Steel Fabricator: BBG Construction
Steel Supplier: TATA Steel
Tonnage: 15 tonne
Status: Completed

Kolkata's iconic coffee house tradition gets a modern makeover. Coffee House
New Town, a tribute to the city's rich heritage, effortlessly blends nostalgia
with contemporary design, creating a vibrant space for community and conver-
sation. From the colonial-inspired facade to the innovative use of steel, delve
into the design details that bring this vision to life.

FACT FILE
Project: Coffee House New Town, Kolkata Project Management: WBHIDCO
Client: West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Steel Fabricator: BBG Construction
Corporation (WBHIDCO) Steel Supplier: TATA Steel
Architect: Ar Tamal Chaudhuri & Associates Tonnage: 15 tonne
Structural Consultant: SGS Consultants and M.N. Consul- Status: Completed
tants

Coffee House New Town is a modern tribute to Kolkata’s Envisioned around the concept of Kolkata’s heritage Bonedi
rich cultural and architectural heritage. Inspired by the Baris (aristocratic homes), the building is set on a podium
city’s iconic coffee house tradition, the design effortless- to enhance the grandeur of the single-storied structure. The
ly blends nostalgia with contemporary elements. From its external facade is designed in a colonial style with GFRC
colonial-style facade to innovative structural solutions, the (Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete) panels, creating a unique
space reinterprets the past while embracing the present. aesthetic. The entrance portico, featuring cast iron columns
Through thoughtful material choices, spatial planning, and and jaali work, serves as a structural element while evoking
sustainability considerations, the project creates a dynamic the architectural charm of a bygone era.
and inviting atmosphere — one that continues the legacy of
conversation, creativity, and community. The double-height interior space is column-free, supported
by MS hollow sections that replicate the traditional Kari Bar-
Echoes of the Past ga structure. The mezzanine balcony reflects the layout of
34 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in
the original Coffee House, reinforcing a sense of familiari- tural choice allows for an expansive, open café environment
ty. The furniture, consisting of wooden chairs and glass-top while reinforcing the historical charm of the space.
tables, further enhances the nostalgic appeal. To celebrate
Kolkata’s rich literary and artistic traditions, a small library The first-floor mezzanine balcony, a cantilevered MS struc-
corner has been integrated, along with a striking cartoon ture supported by peripheral columns, extends into the
wall by Mahfuj Ali that captures various facets of Kolkata life, central space, creating an interplay between openness and
from Durga Puja to the Ganges Ghats. This panel also pays structural ingenuity. The exposed ceiling and steel beams
tribute to Manna Dey’s iconic Coffee House song, referenc- reinterpret traditional kari-barga construction techniques,
ing its beloved characters alongside immortal Bengali liter- enhancing both the visual appeal and architectural integrity.
ary figures like Feluda and Jatayu.
Moreover, the biggest challenge was achieving the col-
Harmonised Space umn-free span while ensuring structural stability. The struc-
The Indian Coffee House has a long history dating back tural engineer had to work on-site, manually drafting con-
to pre-independence India, with the College Street Coffee struction details and calculating load distributions in real
House playing a significant role in shaping modern intellec- time. Another major hurdle was sourcing the intricate cast-
tual and literary movements. The client’s brief was to create iron filigree for the entrance. Due to its complexity, local grille
a contemporary café that retained the spirit of the legend- makers were reluctant to take on the project, prompting the
ary College Street Coffee House while establishing an iconic team to source fabricators from Hyderabad.
landmark for New Town.
Ensuring the perfect fit for the cast-iron elements was a me-
Coffee House New Town is a creative reinterpretation of this ticulous task, as even a millimetre of deviation could have
cultural symbol, maintaining the essence of the original with- caused misalignment issues. Precise on-site measurements
in a modern urban setting. The functional layout mirrors the were taken after the main building was completed to guaran-
College Street design, with the lower level housing the main tee accuracy in fabrication and installation.
café space, while a staircase at the rear leads to the mez-
zanine balcony overlooking the central hall. The building’s Sustainability in Style
colonial facade, cast iron elements, and double-height interi- Sustainability was a key consideration in the design. The
ors create a seamless blend of nostalgia and contemporary café maximises natural light through transparent openings,
urbanity. reducing the reliance on artificial lighting. Natural ventilation
was prioritised to minimise the need for air conditioning,
thereby lowering energy consumption.
Moreover, the design follows the classic layout of the College
Street Coffee House. The ground floor accommodates the Ceiling fans with extended down rods were installed, sus-
main café, while a staircase at the rear leads to the mezza- pended from the double-height ceiling to recreate the nostal-
nine balcony, maintaining the spatial hierarchy of the origi- gic ambience of an old Indian coffee house. These fans ef-
nal. The kitchen, office, and storage facilities are positioned fectively circulate cool air throughout the space, decreasing
at the rear, ensuring unobstructed movement within the café. dependence on mechanical ventilation while preserving the
café’s classic atmosphere.
At the front, a library and souvenir shop are integrated into
niches, contributing to the cultural vibrancy of the space. The -Madani Ansari
mezzanine balcony extends into cantilevered Juliet balco-
nies and roof terraces, providing additional open-air seating.
The flooring design, a mix of monochrome and traditional
terracotta, subtly guides movement through the space while
adding a playful visual contrast.

Structural Ingenuity
The architectural design of the Coffee House recalls Kolk-
ata’s colonial past through a refined approach. The fluted
columns, balustrades, cornices, and mouldings are executed
in GFRC, with metal shuttering ensuring precise detailing. Al-
though single-storeyed, the structure’s grandeur is elevated One of the most challenging aspects of this project was
by a high plinth, which extends into a wraparound spillover navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. The construction was
zone, reminiscent of Kolkata’s traditional roak — a space for already underway when the pandemic struck, causing se-
social gatherings. vere disruptions in communication, labour availability, and
material sourcing. The lockdown posed significant obsta-
The entrance features an intricate cast-iron canopy with a cles, making it difficult to resolve structural complexities
stylised pattern inspired by coffee bubbles, making it a dis- remotely. Despite these challenges, the project gradually
tinctive landmark. The boundary wall blends classic and regained momentum as restrictions eased. The dedication
contemporary elements, reinforcing the historical aesthetic of the team ensured the project’s timely completion, culmi-
within a modern framework. nating in its successful inauguration.

In addition, the main hall’s grand 13 m x 22 m column-free - Tamal & Parinita Hati Chaudhuri, Co-founders;
space was achieved through an RCC roof over metal deck- Sudeshna Maria Paul, Senior Architect,
ing, supported by intersecting steel beams. This bold struc-
www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 35
 The Stellar Sculptor
Sunitha Kondur, Partner and Co-founder of Hundredhands, took an unexpected yet fulfilling path into architecture, later
specialising in real estate and finance. Her work in the Hamptons, alongside legendary architects, shaped her perspec-
tive on the built environment. In a candid conversation with Vanshika Raigaga, she shares how her philosophy drives
her to create responsible, contextual spaces.

38 FEBRUARY 2025
 REIMAGINING REALITY:
As a studio, we would love to document Bengaluru across various parameters
to help the city find long-term solutions for managing growth. Every problem
has a solution, but meaningful change requires proper engagement with the
government and institutional bodies. Bengaluru has incredibly generous private
individuals willing to support government initiatives, but professionals must be
involved in planning to ensure effective execution. Public infrastructure presents
a tremendous opportunity for placemaking, yet much of it, including metro
stations, has been poorly designed due to a lack of professional engagement.
With better collaboration, these spaces could have become vibrant civic hubs.
At Hundredhands, we are committed to transforming the city and have already
started conducting workshops focused on improving specific junctions, with
plans to expand our efforts in the future.

What inspired your transition from in- this philosophy. Architecture is an expression of one’s
ternational projects to founding your lived experiences and design philos-
firm, and how has this shaped your Which architects or emerging trends ophy, travel plays a significant role in
‘architecture without adjectives’ phi- have influenced your style, and what shaping this perspective. Experiencing
losophy? key lessons from them have shaped different projects, cultures, and places
I always aspired to be a doctor. Howev- your architectural practice? heightens one’s sense of design and its
er, during 12th grade, I had the oppor- I believe design needs to be timeless, overall intent.
tunity to assist my neighbour with her beautiful and functional, rather than
fifth-year architecture thesis and found driven by trends. Architecture pro- Architecture must integrate with its en-
the experience surprisingly enjoyable. foundly influences the daily lives of vironment, interact with its surround-
Realising that architecture, like medi- its inhabitants, making it essential for ings, respect the local context, and be
cine, did not require advanced mathe- spaces to be both purposeful and ful- tailored to the functionality of its users.
matics, I decided to apply to both fields filling. I am inspired by architects like The ultimate goal is to enhance the
but ultimately found my path in archi- Charles Correa, BV Doshi, and Kerry experience of the end users, with func-
tecture. While pursuing my master’s, I Hill, whose work embodies simplicity tionality as the foundation and every-
specialised in real estate and finance, while achieving a striking and enduring thing else woven around it. Balancing
which led me to manage the presti- beauty. functionality, aesthetics, and cultural
gious ‘Houses at Sagaponac’ project identity requires continuous dialogue,
in the Hamptons. This experience gave Highlight the most fulfilling project of and architects play a crucial role in
me an opportunity to work with legend- your career and the challenges and achieving this harmony.
ary architects such as Philip Johnson, creative processes involved in inte-
Richard Rogers, Shigeru Ban, Zaha grating its unique elements. How do you define your relationship
Hadid, and Richard Meier. Being on The Alila Bangalore was by far one of with steel, advocate for its use, and
the other side — critiquing designs and the most holistically satisfying proj- how has it contributed to a project’s
overseeing construction — was an en- ects we worked on. We were involved success and expedited timelines?
riching experience that broadened my in every aspect — architecture, interior The use of steel in construction is so
perspective on the built environment. design, custom lighting and amenities, dynamic, offering strength, lightness
curated art installations, milled textiles, and elegance while also being highly
Despite consciously stepping away and sourcing all furniture and accesso- durable and sustainable. Its ability to
from design, my return to India took ries. It is rare to work on a project of this be pre-fabricated and quickly assem-
an unexpected turn when I co-founded scale where every detail is so thought- bled on-site enhances construction
Hundredhands with my partner, Bijoy fully designed and custom-made. efficiency, reducing timelines signifi-
Ramachandran. What began as an ef- What made it even more special was cantly. In our recent project, the Inno-
fort to set up the studio before transi- the opportunity to leverage India's in- vation Hub at the IISC campus, the
tioning into real estate soon evolved credible craftsmanship, bringing our use of galvanised steel expedited the
into a full-fledged practice, as a steady creative visions to life. As one of my construction timelines and allowed us
stream of exciting projects kept me company, SOURCE's largest projects, to preserve all existing trees by incor-
deeply engaged alongside managing it demanded precise coordination, re- porating open-frame structures around
my sourcing company. Despite the lying on numerous spreadsheets to them, showcasing steel’s adaptability
chaos of design and construction, the manage the extensive orders. Despite and environmental sensitivity.
joy of seeing built environments come the complexity, it was an immensely
to life and positively impact their inhab- rewarding experience. How does combining steel with local
itants remains incredibly rewarding. materials and craftsmanship influ-
The fundamental goal at Hundred- Elaborate on how your personal expe- ence your projects, and what chal-
hands is to create responsible, contex- riences influence your approach and lenges arise in working with skilled
tual spaces that seamlessly enhance how you balance functionality, aes- local craftsmen?
everyday living, and Bijoy and I remain thetics, and cultural identity in your Combining steel with other materials
fully involved in every project to uphold designs. like wood, concrete and brick creates
www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 39
a rich palette of textures and layers. always take a day to explain the overall
However, the challenge lies in design- vision, ensuring everyone understands
ing the junctions between these ma-
terials. Poor detailing can lead to sig- and feels invested. However, challeng-
nificant maintenance issues over time, es still exist, particularly in terms of hy-
making it crucial to ensure that these
giene and access to clean toilets — an
connections are carefully designed
and well-executed. area where construction sites need to
improve, especially for women.
How can architects and urban plan-
ners collaborate to create resilient,
equitable, and sustainable urban en- What inspired you to co-found WIREn-
vironments, especially with context
et World, and what advice do you have
to Indian cities where planning often
takes a backseat? for females entering design, real es-
Indian cities are all facing the chal- tate, and construction?
lenges of rapid urbanisation and insuf-
ficient infrastructure to support their There is a serious dearth of female rep-
growth. Urban designers, architects resentation in design and real estate
and the government need to work
forums, not due to lack of talent but
hand in hand to develop innovative
and sustainable solutions that address because women often prioritise other
population growth and climate change. responsibilities over seeking visibility. It
Since each city has its own unique ge-
ography, planning needs to be tailored is essential to encourage and empow-
accordingly. Collaboration ensures er women to embrace recognition for
that solutions are not only technically
their contributions. Having been in the
feasible but also socially and culturally
relevant. industry for years, I felt it was equally
Stronger regulations are needed to important to give back by mentoring
promote the use of local materials, tra-
ditional construction techniques, and younger professionals and helping
regional craftsmanship. Encouraging them avoid the mistakes I made.
these practices would create a built
environment that is more contextual,
sustainable, and deeply connected to In order to address these challenges, I
the identity of each place. co-founded Wirenet alongside six dy-

As a female architect, what challeng- namic women. This platform focuses

es have you faced on-site, how do you on knowledge sharing, networking,
balance stakeholder expectations
campus tours, publishing best prac-
while staying true to your design phi-
losophy? tices, mentorship cohorts, podcasts
I have thankfully never faced gen- featuring women professionals, and
der-related challenges at sites in Ben-
galuru, where women in design are student engagement programs that
well accepted. I love being on-site, highlight alternative career paths in the
witnessing construction take shape,
industry. Wirenet is an incredible group
and interacting with the workforce. My
ability to speak in multiple languages of talented women driving impactful
makes communication even smooth- change through better decision-mak-
er. The best projects happen when the
site team and clients take full owner- ing, innovation, and financial success.
ship of what they are building, so we
40 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in
www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 41
 AMinimalist Muse

The Blue House in Pune was crafted as aligning with the firm’s goal to Conceptual Craft
a compact yet functional living space demonstrate the quality and The Blue House marked a significant
using two 20 ft shipping containers, functionality of their builds. The interior milestone for Studio Alternatives,
with an additional 20 ft container design was intentionally simple: use building on the success of their first
placed on top as an office — marking whatever they had, find what they 40 ft shipping container tiny home in
the firm’s first G+1 structure. Embracing could, and create a cosy, inviting home. 2014. Although their approach received
a resourceful design approach, the The project’s aim was to display the widespread praise, convincing clients
interior was crafted using salvaged possibilities of a modular tiny home, to fully embrace the container-home
materials to create a warm and inviting inspire confidence and demonstrate concept remained a challenge. In order
atmosphere. The essence of the project its functionality in a real-world setting. to address this, they opted to self-fund
lay in celebrating the charm of old the construction of a twin-container
elements — embracing their scars and Dhara Kabaria and Sonali Phadke, living space to showcase the concept’s
imperfections — while transforming Partners at Studio Alternatives, potential, emphasising its modular
them into a functional and welcoming designed the house with the specific nature and sustainable design.
home that honours their history and goal of easy dismantling and
character. movement, inspired by the 'Lego The design prioritised three key
This project also served as an Block' concept, allowing containers to elements: creating a modular, movable
experiment in reuse and upcycling, integrate into the desired configuration. space with flexible layout options, and

42 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in

maximum use of reclaimed materials. A well-established sourcing system The concept of reuse and upcycling
A standout feature was the motorised ensures a smooth procurement is deeply embedded in the design.
openable deck, designed to extend the process, with trusted vendors Reclaimed wood and locally sourced
living space beyond the container’s simplifying container purchases from aluminium were used for doors and
8 ft width, yet still compact enough JNPT, minimising delays. A dedicated windows, while surplus nitrile rubber
for transportation by a standard transporter further streamlines and discarded thermocol packaging
truck when packed up. Inside, the logistics, ensuring timely delivery to served as wall and ceiling insulation.
design embraced resourcefulness, the workshop for construction and Other sustainable elements include
using salvaged materials to create modification. wall cladding from cement fibre sheets,
a cosy, welcoming environment. recycled chipboard, mixed scrap
Loose furniture was sourced from Upcycled Uniqueness wood for flooring and seating, and
treasured family heirlooms, while fixed Light plays a vital role in the design of fixed furniture made from reclaimed
pieces were crafted from repurposed the Blue House, with varied openings packaging wood. Additional upcycled
packaging wood and plywood scraps. of different sizes, shapes, and colours materials include a metal drum turned
that create a dynamic play of light and into a sink, old doors for bathroom
Functional Foundation shadow. As the seasons shift, so does partitions, and discarded Jaisalmer
A key feature of the house is its use the light, transforming from winter stone for the floors, creating unique
of upcycled vintage windows with to summer, offering a constantly patterns without wasting materials.
aluminium grills, including a standout changing visual experience. On the
piece decorated with bird motifs, all top floor, each window becomes -VANSHIKA RAIGAGA
sourced from local scrap dealers. The an individual art piece, framed by
motorised deck was later enclosed mellow aluminium that captures the
with a Mangalore tile roof made from surrounding landscape in real-time,
reclaimed tiles from a neighbour’s old from the lush green to the golden hues
village house. of the changing trees.

It was designed for easy dismantling The use of shipping containers

and relocation, based on the ‘Lego provides a strong foundation for the
Block’ concept, allowing each structure, with their heavy-duty design
container to integrate into any desired ensuring resilience against harsh
This was our first residential space
configuration. This modular approach weather and natural elements. Made
enhances versatility, enabling quick from corrosion-resistant Corten steel, that was movable, modular, and built
expansion by adding more containers the containers are built to withstand using around 65 per cent reclaimed
if needed. The structural strength extreme conditions and carry up to 30 materials — an experiment that truly
of used shipping containers makes tonne of weight, making them nearly brought our upcycling mission to
them ideal for secure housing, while indestructible in the face of heavy
life. It was a defining experience,
their inherent mobility allows for rapid winds or earthquakes
deployment in remote areas. . allowing us to practice what we had
long envisioned, creating a space that

Modular
embodies sustainability, flexibility, and
innovation.
The roof over the extended living
Masterpiece space was made from reclaimed
roof tiles sourced from a local DHARA KABARIA AND
village house. SONALI PHADKE,
Discarded shipping containers PARTNERS, STUDIO ALTERNATIVES
were sourced, repaired, and made
leak-proof for use in the structure.

The entrance staircase was built

using leftover container sheets,
packaging crates, and old sleeper
wood.

A unique entrance door was

crafted from reclaimed wooden
window shutters.

www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 43

44 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in
 S TE EL A P P L IC ATIO N
Restaurant Iris,
Norway

The interior design complements the building’s

brutalist architecture, with undulating forms and
custom-built furniture that harmonises with the
structure’s smooth curves. Rather than using con-
ventional rectangular furniture, the design inte-
grates bespoke pieces, portable lamps, and cus-
tom service stations to maintain a natural flow
throughout the space. The result is a harmonious
blend of modern strength and comfort, with ma-
terials like walnut wood, plush carpets, and uphol-
stered furniture creating a cozy retreat amidst the
harsh Nordic landscape.

To enhance intimacy, the restaurant's once-open

room has been divided into smaller spaces. This
Restaurant Iris, located within the floating art instal-
division creates a sense of discovery, allowing
lation Salmon Eye, offers guests a unique dining guests to gradually explore the restaurant. The
experience set against the majestic Hardangerfjord thoughtful integration of natural textures and flow-
in Norway. Designed by Kvorning Design, the Miche- ing lines in the design connects the space with the
lin-starred restaurant features innovative ellipsoid surrounding natural beauty, reinforcing the restau-
architecture, harmoniously blending with an interior rant's commitment to sustainability and providing
crafted by Norm Architects. It contrasts the striking a sensory connection to the fjord.
steel curves of the building with soft lighting, be-
spoke furniture, and natural materials, creating an The table settings at Restaurant Iris reflect the
intimate and warm atmosphere. Nordic surroundings, with natural materials, earthy
tones, and minimalist design. This grounding in the
The restaurant emphasises sustainability with a set local landscape enhances the connection between
tasting menu focused on local ingredients, celebrat- nature and cuisine. Beyond its role as a restaurant,
ing the vibrant life beneath the sea. Guests arrive Salmon Eye is a floating aquaculture visitor cen-
via a scenic boat ride and enjoy panoramic views of tre, designed by Kvorning Design. The 1000 sq m
the fjord, glaciers, and mountains while indulging in structure, clad in stainless steel scales, resembles
their culinary experience. The environment, with its the silvery skin of salmon and stands as a striking
seamless integration of nature and cuisine, enhanc- landmark visible from miles away, even from the
es the overall dining experience. air.
www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 45
 a Joint Initiative by
MX Business Network and Jindal Steel & Power Limited

You Want to be Remembered as:

A person dedicated to serving humanity
Quick Fire

Your College: Osmania University, Hyderabad

Steel Projects You are Currently Working on:
Years of Experience: 35+ years
• Marriott Hotel, Hyderabad
Your Inspiration:
• ISKCON Temple, Hyderabad
Khalid Hashmi, Wali Quadri & Prof Murali Krishna
• Ultra Luxury Residential Apartments,
Your mantra for success: Serve humanity, share Mumbai
knowledge, and learn through experiences
• Mixed-use development, Mumbai

Talking About Life’s Engineering

Saga - ‘TALES’ exclusively focuses

on structural consultants across

the nation wherein they share their

engineering journey in their own

words.

In an in-depth interview, Majid

Hashmi, Managing Director at KMH

Engineering, discusses his journey

from a passion for physics and

mathematics to leading innovative

structural engineering projects. With

extensive experience in designing

and reviewing major works, in this

conversation with Vanshika Raigaga,

he emphasises the importance of

collaboration, knowledge sharing, and

mastering the basics, offering valuable

advice for aspiring engineers.

46 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in

Your inspiration to pursue engineer- concrete, enabling project timelines to spires with its structural brilliance,
ing and the drive behind choosing be reduced by up to 40 per cent with and what about it stands out?
structural consulting. efficient usage. Fazlur Rahman Khan, often referred to
The credit goes to my mother and as the ‘father of structural engineering,’
elder brother, a steel design expert, If you could introduce one transfor- is a name synonymous with structural
whose guidance shaped my journey mative change to construction? steel innovation. Although he later be-
from school to becoming a profes- Structural steel is one of the most came associated with Bangladesh, his
sional engineer. Inspired by their sup- effective and efficient materials for early roots were in pre-partition India,
port, I chose structural engineering as constructing tall buildings. Historical- making him a source of pride for the
a way to serve humanity by designing ly, from the 1930s to the late 1990s, region. He revolutionised structural
houses, apartments and buildings that structural steel dominated high-rise design with concepts like the tube-in-
shape lives. and apartments and that's construction, with concrete only tube concept, famously implemented
particularly why I opted for structural emerging as a viable alternative in in iconic structures like the Sears Tow-
engineering. the 2000s, as seen in projects like the er. This tower, a beacon of engineering
Burj Khalifa. Steel remains the opti- brilliance, inspires countless visitors to
Highlight key milestones from your mal choice for its speed and ease of America, a testament to Khan's endur-
journey as a student to becoming an construction. However, beyond 600 m, ing legacy.
accomplished professional. steel was the only solution to reach its
From the start of my life, my journey full height of 825 m. Steel remains the How do you stay ahead in an industry
was shaped by the influences of a few preferred choice for its speed and ease driven by innovation and technology?
key personalities. During my school of construction. Innovation is the key to growth and
years, my mind was a blank slate. Lat- leadership. To lead and grow, it's es-
er, when I moved to Dubai — pushed by In India, such challenges persist due to sential to share knowledge and ac-
my mother despite my homesickness a lack of skilled labour and awareness tively listen to others. Sharing skills
— I was fortunate to secure a position about structural steel. Initiatives like sparks industry-wide revolutions while
in a prominent local Arabic company. SSMB's knowledge-sharing platforms listening fosters continuous learning.
Over 20 years, I delivered nearly 2,000 are crucial in educating clients, archi- Young engineers often ask questions
projects, including tall and supertall tects, contractors, and labourers. By that challenge me to revisit textbooks,
buildings like the 415 m Princess Tow- organising training programs on weld- keeping the learning cycle alive. This
er, recognised by the Guinness Book of ing, cutting, and maintaining structural exchange of knowledge drives inno-
World Records in 2012 as the world's steel, this bridge can be eradicated and vation, and without innovation — be
tallest residential building. it will also foster a shift toward its wid- it through new materials or modifica-
As a structural consultant today, I face er adoption, driving a small but impact- tions — progress is impossible.
significant challenges. In India, unlike ful revolution in construction practices.
in Europe or America, there is a prev- How do you collaborate with archi-
alent tendency to work in silos. Collab- Describe how steel has shaped your tects, fabricators, and contractors to
oration is rare — we seldom interact career and design approach. bring designs to life?
with architects, colleagues, or clients. Structural steel became my focus Collaboration is the cornerstone of
To address this, it's essential to step thanks to British Steel, which offered success in the construction industry.
out of these silos, engage with archi- free lectures, shared experiences, and Building projects are a collective effort,
tects and clients, and understand their provided resources like books, soft not the work of one individual. Suc-
perspectives. Structural engineers wares, codes and guidelines. In India, cess requires stepping into the shoes
must grasp architectural intent, con- construction was predominantly con- of every stakeholder to address issues,
structability, and material behaviour, crete-based, but my perspective shift- optimise processes, and understand
including how materials perform, fail, ed when I moved to Dubai. There, the all aspects, from design to services.
and are repaired. need for big spans and rapid construc- By fostering teamwork, sharing knowl-
tion made structural steel the ideal edge, and exchanging ideas, quality
How do you view the evolution of solution, marking a significant turning and innovation can thrive, driving the
steel structures in India, especially point in my journey. industry forward.
with the growing use of rolled sec-
tions? Your favourite steel project so far and What advice do you have for young
Structural steel often becomes the go- what makes it so special? engineers aiming to excel in structur-
to solution when concrete falls short, My notable structural steel projects al engineering?
particularly in specific scenarios. For include the Princess Tower, a 415 m Young engineers today are highly
instance, in tall buildings reaching 300 tall composite structure that present- skilled with computers, but I always
m – 400 m, architectural elements or ed challenges in constructability and remind them: ‘garbage in, garbage
intricate shapes are best achieved with speed. In India, the ongoing ISKCON out.’ It’s crucial to stick to the basics;
structural steel. Similarly, large domes Temple project features a 70 m high go back to your textbooks and follow
and long spans require steel due to dome constructed entirely of struc- the codes, guidelines and handbooks.
concrete's susceptibility to creep and tural steel and is currently under con- Without mastering the fundamen-
shrinkage over time, making it less struction in Kokapet, Hyderabad. tals, engineering becomes unreliable.
suitable. Additionally, when speed is I advise young engineers to validate
a priority, structural steel outperforms An international steel project that in- their work with manual calculations to
www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 47
Raising
the Roof

Mallareddy Hospital Auditorium in Hy-

derabad boasts a striking steel dome,
a feat of modern engineering and
design. With a complicated erection
process and innovative lattice frame-
work, the dome stands as a testament
to architectural ingenuity.

48 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in

Mallareddy Hospital, located in Suraram in northern Hyder- spokes using SHS 113.5 x 113.5 x 4.8 mm members, pro-
abad, is a well-known healthcare facility. The architectural viding stability and load distribution. To facilitate the secure
design concepts for the hospital were provided by architect connection of the spokes, pre-drilled holes have been incor-
Praveen from TRU Designs, a Hyderabad-based architectural porated into the central ring, allowing for bolted assembly.
firm.
At the slab level, each spoke is anchored using 24 high-
The auditorium building comprises a cellar floor, a ground strength bolts of 20 mm diameter, ensuring a stable and
floor, a first floor, and a second floor. The auditorium itself durable connection between the dome and the supporting
begins at the first-floor level (4.0 m) and extends up to 12 m, structure.
featuring a sloping slab inside. The dome installation starts
at a height of 15.6 m from the ground. Erection Process
The erection of this dome structure was highly complex due
Designed in a circular layout, the auditorium has a seating ca- to the convergence of all 16 lattice spokes at the center. To
pacity of 1,250 people. The roof features a steel dome struc- facilitate a proper load path and ensure structural stability,
ture with an outer diameter of 41m and a height of 12.5 m. The a 7 m diameter central ring was introduced, allowing all 16
dome is supported by 16 evenly spaced spokes, positioned at lattices to connect seamlessly.
22.5° intervals. Each spoke is a triangular lattice structure,
forming an equilateral triangle with 1,200 mm sides. The sequence of erection was crucial to maintaining stability.
The method followed involved erecting the first spoke on the
V Sridhar Reddy, Managing Director of Sri Harsha Consult- northern side, followed by the second on the southern side,
ing Engineers Pvt Ltd, provides deeper insights into the key then the third on the eastern side, and the fourth on the west-
aspects of the project, highlighting the structural challenges, ern side. This alternating approach, installing one spoke in
innovative solutions, and the rationale behind crucial design one direction and the next in the opposite direction, ensured
decisions. balanced structural support during the process.

Design Philosophy The erection began with lifting the central ring into position
Initially, the architect envisioned the dome as an RCC struc- using a 500 tonne capacity crane with a large boom capable
ture. However, given the dome’s large diameter, constructing of handling a tip load of 10 tonne. The central ring was held in
it in RCC would require extensive scaffolding and highly pre- place until all the spokes were attached.
cise workmanship to achieve the desired shape.
The auditorium's bottom slab is designed with a slope to For lifting the spokes, a 250 tonne capacity crane was used
enhance seating arrangements and provide a better visual to hoist each spoke to the required height, securing them at
connection to the stage. However, setting up scaffolding on both the slab level and the central ring level. This process was
this sloped surface, with varying heights, poses a significant repeated for all 16 spokes until the entire framework was in
challenge. This approach would also be time-consuming and place. Once the spokes were installed, lateral ties were fixed
might not guarantee the exact dome shape as intended in the at 1.2 m intervals to enhance stability.
architectural design.
After completing the structural framework, a 1.2 mm plain
Additionally, constructing a 41 m diameter dome in RCC is galvanised sheet was installed across the entire dome sur-
not a practical solution, as it would require a slab thickness of face. A weld mesh was then affixed to this sheet, followed by
250-300 mm, adding unnecessary dead load to the structure. reinforcement placement. Shotcreting was carried out with
Overall, an RCC dome for such a large span is not economi- a 75 mm thickness to create a durable surface, and water-
cally viable compared to a steel structure. proofing was applied as the final protective layer.

Considering these challenges, the idea of a steel dome struc- Upon completion, the architect envisioned painting half of the
ture was proposed to the architect, who readily accepted it. planet Earth on the dome’s surface, adding an artistic and
The dome was designed using triangular lattice configura- symbolic element to the structure.
tions to enhance bending capacity in both directions. Given
the high-altitude erection requirements, the triangular shape
was chosen for its superior stability compared to a flat lattice
structure during installation.
Fact File
The Material Specification
The dome structure is entirely composed of Square Hollow Project: Mallareddy Hospital Auditorium, Hyderabad
Section (SHS) members, all sourced from Apollo Tubes. Client: Malla Reddy
The primary chords of the triangular lattice are SHS 113.5 x Architect: Tru Designs
113.5 x 4.8 mm, internally connected by SHS 80 x 80 x 4 mm Structural Consultant: Sri Harsha Consulting
members. The spokes of the dome are connected using SHS Engineers Pvt Ltd
113.5 x 113.5 x 5.4 mm up to a height of 7.2 m from the base, Fabricator: SS Industries
while the remaining sections utilise SHS 100 x 100 x 4 mm Supplier: Apollo Tubes
members. Tonnage: 105 tonne
Status: Ongoing
At the centre of the dome, a structural ring with a diameter Expected Completion Year: 2025
of 7 m has been designed using an I-section fabricated from
a 12 mm thick plate. This central ring is connected to the 16
www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 49
 Located in Kudje, Maharashtra, the Swastik Wellness Retreat blends nature, spirituality, and
sustainable design. At the retreat’s core is Dhyan Vihar, a meditation hall that encourages intro-
spection and personal growth, inviting individuals to reconnect with themselves and nature in a
peaceful, eco-conscious environment.

The Swastik Wellness Retreat in Kudje, Maharashtra, is a ements which aids natural ventilation. Petal-like extensions
holistic sanctuary nestled in the serene Peacock Valley, har- over the Pradakshina Path, providing shade and shelter, mir-
monising seamlessly with the natural beauty of its surround- ror the form of a blooming flower while encouraging intro-
ings. Overlooking the tranquil backwaters of Khadakwasla spection.
Lake and the majestic Sinhagad amidst the Sahyadri moun-
tain range, Swastik is more than just a physical space — it is a Serene Symphony
spiritual haven that invites individuals to explore and embody The design of this structure features a tensile fabric roof, sup-
the core dimensions of life. ported by four steel beams at the top and secured around the
edges by an inner ring beam, which rests on RCC columns
It is equipped with state-of-the-art audio-visual systems, at the base. Spanning 128 ft in dia, the cone-shaped roof ris-
and hosts spiritual activities and rituals such as meditation, es 88 ft, creating an unobstructed space beneath. The steel
chanting, yoga, lectures, and gratitude sessions, fostering arches, chosen for their tensile and compressive strength,
peace and personal growth. Encircled by Nakshatra Van, a manage both the fabric’s tension and external loads, ensur-
cosmic zodiac garden, the space offers an ideal setting for ing stability while maintaining minimal deflection. Supported
transformative experiences, promoting serenity and self-dis- by an outer ring beam and eight columns, the structure en-
covery amidst nature’s tranquillity. sures openness and fluidity, fostering a tranquil environment
Manish Banker, Founder and Principal Architect of TAO Ar- ideal for meditation and gatherings.
chitecture Pvt Ltd and Dhananjay Dake, Creative Director of The process started with finite element analysis, where ele-
Construction Catalysers Pvt Ltd highlight the key sustainable mental forces were identified at the first level. Using this glob-
features, emphasising how the design integrates natural light al model, individual structural components such as arches,
while balancing functionality with environmental conscious- the base, and the ring were designed by extracting specific
ness. forces. Once the structural design was finalised, shop draw-
ings were prepared to ensure precise fabrication. Automated
Cosmic Connection cutting and the computation of developable surfaces further
At the heart of the retreat lies Dhyan Vihar, a sprawling col- streamlined the process, ensuring high accuracy in execu-
umn-less space covering over 80,000 sq ft (7,432 sq m), de- tion.
signed as a symbol of inner connection. Its circular, lotus-like Maintaining the curvature of the arches while meeting struc-
design represents growth, harmony, and introspection, with tural load requirements posed a key challenge. The initial
the central meditation space symbolising the Garbh Gruha, design did not align perfectly with pure compression forces,
or spiritual core. The rising conical form leads individuals necessitating slight modifications through engineering opti-
inward, while the surrounding gardens and walkways create misation. Refining the arch while preserving its sleek propor-
a seamless connection with nature, fostering harmony and tions required additional computation, but the adjustments
tranquillity. successfully met the intended design. The final structure was
The hall’s design incorporates sustainable and functional el- fabricated using CNC machines and advanced welding tech-
50 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in
niques, resulting in a seamless, jointless single-piece arch. tate natural cross-ventilation and, combined with a frameless
The steel arches are designed to support the fabric's load roof-ceiling structure, create a tranquil space that fosters
while highlighting the graceful form of the steel frame. These introspection and reduces reliance on energy-intensive sys-
structures offer flexibility, lightness, and expansive, uninter- tems, ensuring a pleasant and energy-efficient indoor envi-
rupted spaces with minimal supports. In this design, the ronment.
fabric symbolises the petals of a blooming flower, emerging Incorporating passive cooling, natural lighting, and acousti-
from the core. The precision in erecting the 28 m high with a cally sensitive surfaces, the project creates a serene, ener-
33 m dia, ensured structural integrity, maintaining the circular gy-efficient space that enhances meditation and reduces
geometry and balance of the design while allowing the roof reliance on mechanical systems. The marble floor, combined
to retain its elegant, flowing form. with the breathable air flowing through the structure, creates
Sustainable Sanctuary a cocoon-like atmosphere that invites deep reflection.
Dhyan Vihar incorporates two primary materials: sleek, Sustainable design features such as universal accessibility
strong steel and a high-quality, recyclable membrane import- and a focus on human-centric spaces ensure that the build-
ed from Germany and fabricated in India. The membrane en- ing caters to all seekers. Eco-friendly initiatives, including nat-
sures a uniform lux level inside, maintaining balanced natural ural ventilation and the use of strategic vegetation, work to-
light during the day and an even glow at night. Both the mate- gether to create a comfortable, energy-efficient environment,
rials are fully recyclable — steel can be repurposed or melted reinforcing the project’s commitment to sustainability.
down, while the membrane can be returned to the factory for
recycling — making the structure nearly 100 per cent sustain- -Vanshika Raigaga
able with minimal waste.
The design integrates multiple sustainable strategies to mi- Fact File:
nimise energy consumption while maintaining a serene and
functional environment. Passive cooling and ventilation sys- Project Name: Swastik Dhyan Vihar, Kudje
tems, including a misting system, regulate humidity and tem- Client: Nyati Foundation
perature for year-round comfort. The surrounding Zen garden Architect: TAO Architecture Pvt Ltd
serves as a natural cooling system, cooling the air before it Structural Consultant & Fabricator:
enters the hall and allowing hot air to escape through the top. Construction Catalysers Pvt Ltd
The lightweight, translucent roof filters abundant daylight Project Management: Nyati Group
into the space, creating a soft, diffused light that enhances Supplier: Ganga Iron & Steel, Sandip Steels, & Maharashtra
the tranquil atmosphere and reduces the need for artificial Sales Corporation
lighting. Large overhangs provide effective shading and mi- Tonnage: 608 tonne
nimise heat gain, while strategically placed openings facili- Status: Completed

www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 51

“Swastik, with its intricate blend of natural
beauty, spiritual symbolism, and functional
design, seeks to create a nurturing environ-
ment where individuals can engage with
the essential elements of life for holistic
well-being. The simplicity of its architectur-
al solutions emerges from a complex inter-
play of materials and their juxtapositions,
all centred around maintaining the silence
of space as a core focus.”
Manish Banker, Founder and Principal
Architect, TAO Architecture Pvt Ltd

“From concept to realization, the meditation

hall exceptionally blends architecture and en-
gineering, where structure and light dissolve
into a spiritual experience. The ethereal inter-
play of daylight and artificial illumination cre-
ates an almost invisible form, enhancing the
sense of serenity. Steel provides strength and
elegance, while the translucent membrane en-
sures a uniform glow, blurring boundaries be-
tween space and light.”
Dhananjay Dake, Creative Director,
Construction Catalysers Pvt Ltd

Conical tensile roof and Zen garden enable

natural ventilation and cooling, reducing
reliance on mechanical systems.

Lightweight tensile fabric roof filters daylight,

minimises heat gain, and enhances the

Highlights meditative ambience.

Steel structure and marble flooring ensure

of the durability while optimising passive cooling and

energy efficiency.

Project Large overhangs and frameless roof-ceiling

design promote shading and cross-ventilation
for thermal comfort.

Thoughtfully designed column-less space,

acoustics, and universal accessibility create an
inclusive and serene sanctuary.
52 FEBRUARY 2025 www.ssmb.in
www.ssmb.in FEBRUARY 2025 53
 T E C H N I C A L A RT I C L E

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Comparison of joints in regular structure and MSC

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Joint in modular steel construction

Previous joints for MSC: (a) Lawson [2], (b) Ding [10]

Joints for steel frame modular: (a) Chen [11], (b) Du [12]

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Self-lock joints for modular steel construction

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Observations of the T-shaped specimens (TS-1 and TS-2)

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 E F F ICI E N T IN D U S T R Y

The Evolution & Impact of PEB

The world of construction has witnessed a paradigm shift with the rise of Pre-Engineered Buildings
(PEBs), which have redefined engineering, design, and execution. At a recent Everest Connect Event
Panel Discussion in Ahmedabad, experts delved into the nuances of pre-engineered solutions,
emphasizing their engineering-based tonality rather than just material-specific categorization.

The Rise of Pre-Engineered Solutions Today, PEBs offer multiple roofing and PEBs are not just pre-fabricated
Traditionally, construction relied heavily cladding options, including PPGI Sheets, structures. He explained that while
on (RCC), but today, the industry PVC Sheets, FRP Sheets, Screw-Down PEBs are engineered, designed, detailed,
has embraced pre-engineered, pre- Systems. manufactured, and installed as an end-
fabricated, and pre-cast methodologies. The key is to analyse why, when, what, to-end solution, pre-fabrication simply
As one of the panelists rightly pointed and how before selecting the most involves following consultant-provided
out, RCC members are now available in suitable material. Corrosion resistance,
drawings without incorporating value
pre-cast forms, indicating a shift toward ventilation, and lighting considerations
engineering.
an all-encompassing pre-engineered also play a crucial role in material
approach. selection.
The Road Ahead
A Multi-Faceted Approach The Art of Layout Planning A key takeaway from the discussion
Before finalising specifications for any While architects play a significant role was the need for more accountability
project, it is imperative to determine in factory and industrial layouts, they in contracts. One audience member
the purpose and functionality of the may not always have insights into wind pointed out that contractors often
building. This includes understanding bracing and expansion joints, optimised follow designs without questioning
the operation and maintenance ventilation and lighting solutions, and their efficiency, leading to missed
requirements, the building’s lifecycle, erection and treatment issues in PEBs. opportunities for value engineering.
and considering environmental factors. Thus, PEB solutions require an As the industry advances, collaborative
Structural engineers’ factor in these integrative approach where designers, and informed decision-making will play
parameters before defining the design engineers, and contractors work
a vital role in maximising PEB efficiency,
basis. Once this clarity is achieved, together to ensure optimal functionality
optimising costs, and ensuring long-
decisions can be made regarding roofing without compromising execution
materials, structural components, and feasibility. term durability. This event reinforced
protective measures. that PEBs are not merely a structural
Understanding the Distinction alternative but a holistic engineering
A Wide Spectrum of Choices Sricharan Vulchi, VP & Business Head, solution that revolutionizes modern
Gone are the days when a single Everest Steel Building Solutions, construction.
roofing solution dominated the market. highlighted a common misconception—

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Semi-automated cargo terminal at

Ahmedabad Airport set to open in 2025

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Centre

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 Welding Thick Steel Plates:
Best Practices & Challenges

This column is dedicated to Welding thick steel elements like solid bars, base plates, and
the practical side of steel stiffeners is a complex process that requires precision, expertise,
construction, breaking down and strategic planning to ensure structural integrity and effective
complex ideas while sharing load transfer. Drawing from recent project experience, this article
tips, best practices, and real- delves into essential practices, challenges, and key considerations
world solutions to your biggest for welders and structural engineers. It explores crucial aspects
challenges. such as joint preparation, welding sequences, heat input
management, and quality assurance through Non-Destructive
Testing (NDT).

STEPS TO FOLLOW FOR WELDING THICK

STEEL ELEMENTS

CHALLENGES IN WELDING THICK STEEL PLATES

1. Heat Input Management

2. Cracking Risk
Excessive heat input can 3. Accessibility and Welding
Thick steel elements are
lead to distortion and Position
prone to cracking due to:
residual stresses, while • Thick elements often
• Hydrogen embrittlement
insufficient heat can cause require out-of-position
from moisture in electrodes
incomplete fusion. Proper welding, which increases the
or base metal
heat management through difficulty for the welder and
• Residual stresses
preheating, inter-pass may affect weld quality.
from improper welding
temperature control, and
sequences
cooling is crucial.

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 ENSURING WELD INTEGRITY

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS Preheating reduces the cooling rate
of the weld, preventing hydrogen
1. Joint Design cracking. Inter-pass temperature
• Ensure that the joint is designed to control ensures consistent weld
allow for full penetration welds. Bevel quality.
preparation is critical for achieving the
required depth of weld.

• Provide adequate spacing between

stiffeners to prevent welding overlaps
and distortions.

2. Load Path and Stress Distribution Follow a balanced welding

sequence to distribute heat evenly
• Analyse the load path to ensure that and reduce distortions.
the welds are capable of transferring
loads effectively.

• Avoid abrupt changes in geometry to

minimise stress concentration.

3. Material Selection

• Choose steel grades that are

compatible with the welding process Skilled welders are essential for
and environmental conditions to avoid handling complex joints and thick
issues such as cracking or corrosion. elements. Ensure they are familiar
with the materials and procedures.

QUALITY TESTING OF WELDS

Welding thick steel plates and elements requires meticulous preparation, skilled execution, and rig-
orous quality control. By adhering to best practices — such as proper fit-up, multi-run welding, pre-
heating, and careful joint design — both welders and structural engineers can ensure the integrity and
longevity of the welded structure.

Contributed by:
Anoop Baby, Director,
& Sivaprasad K V, Engineering Manager,
Winfra Technical Consultants

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