GEN BIO1 3rd QTR February 17, 2025 Monday Deadline of final product:

Laboratory Day: Dissection _ March 4 & 7, 2025 _

Duration: 60 minutes SHS STEM LAB 1
Aftercare: 30 minutes
Leader: Necesario, Sabine G. ______ Date: February 17, 2025
Members: Balandra, Angela S. ____________ Grade&Section: 12 - Stem Hubble
Ferrer, Liam Braxton Nikolai A.___
____ Munez, Laurence Wilson D.______ ______

Part I. Introduction (one paragraph only)

This activity is a way for the students to gain practical experience in comprehending the anatomical
features of various specimens, such as the heart of a banana, wings of an Asian pigeon, toad, grasshopper,
snake fish, and gumamela. We shall learn more about these species' distinct organ systems, structural variations,
and physiological adaptations by closely analyzing them. This hands-on approach will improve our
comprehension of shape and function in live creatures, further appreciation for biological diversity, and help us
acquire critical laboratory skills. We will also study safe procedures, ethical considerations while handling
specimens, and appropriate dissection techniques.

Part II. Materials

Location where specimen is Name Quantity in grams/pieces

obtained
St. cruz Toad 1 pc
Carmen Grasshopper 2 pcs
Bonifacio Snake Fish 1 pc
Villa Victoria Gumamela 2 pcs
Narra Asian pigeon wings 2 pcs
St. Cruz Banana Heart 1 pc

Safety Materials Required

Material Qty.
✔ Materials: Sourced outside the Laboratory

/ Safety Goggles 2 pairs Purpose

1-2 Mesh cloth/very fine Strainer To strain fine particles of grounded seashells and
/ Laboratory Coat 2 pairs
the like
/ Face Mask 2 ply each person
5-6 Jar with cover/container with cover Storing the fine pigment
/ Disposable gloves 2 ply/person
1-2 Small spoon Transferring pigment into container.
/ Clean Towels/Tissue 1 pack
100ml- Distilled water, glycerin , water, In case a Levigation process is needed.
500ml mineral oil, etc.
Levigation is the process of grinding an insoluble substance
to a fine powder, while wet.

String/twine Tying up plants to hang dry

Part III.
Laboratory Tools

Qty. Tools needed: be completed by the Specific Measurement Put check if sourced
student/lab members from the library.

5 Petri dish /
1 Scalpel /
2 Scissors /
2 Forceps /
4 Trays /
2 Tweezers /
5 Sterile Jars/Containers X
1 Laboratory Coat X

Part IV. Safety Protocols the team will observe during the activity/project. All boxes must be ticked off before
proceeding to Part V.
/ Every team member is appropriately wearing PPE for the classroom laboratory. See last page*

/ Table had been wiped up with disinfectant(alcohol).

/ Every piece of glass and metal equipment used in the lab has been cleaned and sterilized.

/ The right side of the table is where the necessary laboratory equipment is positioned for usage in the lab.

/ All sample and materials are arranged and labeled on the left side of the table.

/ Plastic trash bags are prepared for cleanup and disposal.

/ No unnecessary materials and personal items are near or on the table.

/ First Aid kit is ready incase for some unexpected emergency.

/ Hard copy of the Proposal activity have been signed by your Biology I teacher.
Part V. Comprehensive step-by-step procedure of the activity according to the team’s plan and course of action.

A. Proper Hand Washing of each member according to WHO guidelines. (Must be recorded and done prior
to setting the table.)
B. Plant Dissection

1. Gumamela (Hibiscus)
a. Prepare the gumamela flower
b. Remove the flower from the plant and also the sepals and petals
c. Remove the anthers and their stems and examine the male and female part
d. For male parts, slice the stamens and anther in half with a scalpel
e. For female parts, Pin the tip of the stugna and the other at the top of the stem, Slice the
stigma in the middle, expose and slice the ovary open with the scalpel.
f. Document Observation

Reference: Ruff, B., MA. (2022, December 26). How to Dissect a Flower: 8 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow.
wikiHow. https://www.wikihow.com/Dissect-a-Flower

2. Banana Heart (Musa acuminata)

a. Prepare the Banana Heart
b. Examine the outer Bracts (Reddish-purple leaf-like structures) and peel it.
c. Slowly lift each bract to reveal rows or tiny flower
d. Separate Male and Female
e. Identify the stamens and pistil
f. For female flower, open the ovary and check for ovules
g. Document Observation

3. Lobster-Claws (Heliconia)
a. Prepare the Lobster-Claws
b. Observe the external structure, you'll notice the brightly colored bracts that mimic petals
c. Carefully cut a bract open
d. Separate and examine the flowers
e. Identify the stamens and pistils, if possible, check pollen grains under a microscope.
f. Check the vascular bundles by cutting a thin cross-section of the stem.
 g. Document Observation

C. Animal Dissection

1. Cane Toad (Rhinella marina)

a. Preparation
Place the toad on its back (ventral side up) in the dissecting tray. Secure the limbs with
pins to keep the toad in place.
b. Initial Incision
Lift a small section of the abdominal skin with forceps and make a small cut with
scissors.
c. Opening the Body Cavity
Extend the incision along the midline up to the lower jaw and down to the hind limbs.
Make horizontal cuts near the limbs to create flaps. Carefully separate the skin from the
underlying muscles and pin the flaps to the tray.
d. Exposing Internal Organs
Repeat the incision process on the muscle layer to access the internal organs. Take care to
avoid damaging the organs beneath.
e. Observation
Identify major organs such as the liver, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, and reproductive
organs.

Reference: Dissection of Toad (With Diagram) | Zoology - Biology Discussion

https://www.biologydiscussion.com/zoology/dissection/dissection-of-toad-with-diagram-zoology/45250

2. Short-horned Grasshopper (Acrididae)

a. Preparation
Place the grasshopper on its side in the dissecting tray.
b. External Examination
Observe and note the three main body regions: head, thorax, and abdomen. Identify
structures like antennae, compound eyes, mouthparts, wings, and legs.
c. Internal Examination
1. Leg Removal: Gently remove the legs on one side to expose the body wall.
2. Incision: Insert the scissors under the dorsal exoskeleton near the last abdominal segment.
Cut forward along the side, being cautious not to damage internal organs.
3. Opening the Body: Carefully lift and pin back the cut exoskeleton to reveal internal
structures.
4. Observation: Identify internal organs such as the digestive tract (crop, gizzard, stomach),
heart, and reproductive organs.

Reference: Grasshopper Dissection Procedure

https://www.hamilton-local.k12.oh.us/Downloads/5-10_Grasshopper%20Dissection.pdf
 3. Snakehead Fish (Channa striata)

a. Preparation
Place the fish on its side in the dissecting tray.
b. External Examination
Observe features such as fins (dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal, caudal), scales, lateral line,
eyes, and gills.
c. Internal Examination
1. Initial Incision: Insert scissors into the vent (anus) and cut forward along the midline
toward the gills, being careful not to cut too deeply.
2. Opening the Body Cavity: Make horizontal cuts near the pectoral fins and the pelvic
region to create flaps. Lift and pin back these flaps to expose internal organs.
3. Observation: Identify organs such as the liver, stomach, intestines, heart (located near the
gills), and gonads.
4. Gill Examination: Lift the operculum (gill cover) to observe the gills. Note the gill arches
and filaments.

Reference: Dissection of a Bluespotted Flathead - The Australian Museum

https://australian.museum/learn/animals/fishes/dissection-of-a-bluespotted-flathead/

D. Clean the mortar and pestle every time you chance the specimen. AVOID Cross contamination at all
times.

Part VI. Aftercare Procedure. (Proper Disposal and Waste Management Procedure)
To be filled in by learners based on their submitted proposal.

1. Ensure all waste is segregated properly. Separate biodegradable and biohazard wastes from non-
biodegradable.
2. Activity area must be cleaned, sanitized, and free of any sample spills using proper cleaning
materials.
3. Containers and other equipment must be rinsed and disinfected after use.
4. All laboratory equipment must be properly returned to their respective storage boxes in their
designated area.

Documentation from Start to Finish is a must.