ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am overwhelmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge my depth to

all those who helped me to put these ideas, well above the level simplicity and into

something concrete.

The compiler would like to extend his sincere thanks and deepest gratitude to the

School Administrator of Goldenstate College, to Dr. Warren A. Manilay, MNSA, Dr. Sara

Jane T. Manilay, Dr. John Ralph T. Manilay, and Dr. Mary Rose S. Manilay who gave

me the golden opportunity to make this lecture guide possible I am really thankful to them.

Dr. Josie Yap-Tirador, the Vice President for Academic Affairs, for her

generous advices and suggestions in checking the outline and the content.

Dr. Richard F.Fermocil for their noble and generous help.

Deep appreciation and sincere thanks to all SHS Faculty Members and

Special Friends who stay forever in my heart.

Lastly, to my loving family. Thanks for being part of my life and my journey.

To GOD be the glory.

The Compiler

Table of Contents
1
Title Page

Acknowledgment

Table of Contents

Course Outline

Online Rules and Regulations

Course Description

Week 1 – 2 Definition of art

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

Week 3 – 4 Elements of the audio-visual arts

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

Week 5 – 6 Filipino artist

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

Week 7 – 8 Media or materials used in contemporary arts

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

Week 9 – 10 Modern art and integrative art

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

Week 11- 12 Traditional arts and contemporary arts

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

References

Course Outline

2
Course Name Contemporary Philippine arts from the Regions
Course Credit
Pre-requisite
Contact Hours / Week
Definition of art
 Function of art
 Personal or individual function
 Social function
Week 1 - 2  Economic function
.  Political function
 Historical function
 Cultural function
 Religious function
 Physical function
 Aesthetic function
 Art style and affecting styles
 Geographical factors
 Historical factors
 Social factors
 Ideational factors
 Psychological factors
 Technical factors
 Principles of art
 Classification of art forms
Learning Exercise / Activities
Rating Guide
Elements of the audio-visual arts
 Music
 Dance
Week 3 - 4  Drama or theater
 Literature
 Classification of characters
 National artist of the Philippines
 Music
 Dance
 Theater film, and broadcast art.
 Learning Exercise / Activities
 Rating Guide
Filipino artist
 Filipino artist painter
 Filipino artist architecture
 Gawad manlilikha ng bayan ( GAMABA )
 Weaving
Week 5 - 6  Literature
 Graphic and plastic arts
 Textile of fiber art
 music
 Learning Exercise / Activities
Rating Guide
Media or materials used in contemporary arts
 5 lasting values or dance classes
 Types of painting techniques
 Traditional techniques applied to contemporary
art
Week 7 - 8  Music
 Dance
 Drama
 Literature
 Painting
 Methods of presenting the subject
 Sculpture
 architecture
Learning Exercise / Activities

3
 Rating Guide
Modern art and integrative art
 feminism
 globalization
 migration
 integrative art
 subject of art
Week 9 - 10  realism
 distortion
 abstraction
 elements of art
 space
 line
 shape and form
 form
 color
 value
 texture
 principles of design
Learning Exercise / Activities
Rating Guide
Traditional arts and contemporary arts
 contemporary art in the the Philippines
 Pastiche
 Bricolage
 Appropriation
 Installation
 Commission for culture and the arts
Week 11 - 12  Integrative art applied to the Philippines
contemporary art.
Learning Exercise / Activities
Rating Guide

ONLINE RULES AND REGULATIONS

4
 1. Students must provide notebook and ballpen for note taking.

2. Students must mute his / her speaker as the discussion started.

2. As the online class started, please observe the following:

A. Find a place that is noise free but with strong signal for internet
connection

B. Unnecessary exercises are not allowed while the online class are going on.

C. Make sure that everybody is ready for the session.

D. Be on your well-mannered position, lying or sleeping position is not permitted.

E. Eating during online class is not allowed.

F. If you have questions / queries regarding with the discussion, just press the hands-
up emoticon to acknowledge your questions.

Course Description

5
 The term humanities refers to the study of the human experience- how people
process and record their thoughts, beliefs, and longings. Humanities include philosophy,
history, literature, art, music, and language as their modes of expression.

Objectives:
1. Define art
2. Identify the different function of art
3. Appreciate the importance value of art in our daily lives
4. Define art style and factors affecting styles
5. Identify principles of art
6. Appreciate the importance value of principles of art in our daily lives

Week 1 -2 Definition of Art

Learning Objectives.

1. Distinguish factors affecting styles

2. Describe the principles of arts
3. Appreciate the importance of having styles in art

Definition of art

> according to Webster, art ‘’ human ingenuity in adapting natural things to man’s use’’
therefore, an artist uses his genius in transforming god-made things into man-made things
that satisfy his needs. For instances, he converts wood into a religious image, into a house
into a piece of furniture. He transforms plants into cloth which will later become his clothing,
or he turns them paper which will later become an item of painting or sculpture.

> art came from the word ‘’ Arts’’ which means skill. It is synonymous with skill, cunning,
artifice, and craft, which all means the faculty of what is devised. Webster, however, points
out, art mat be used interchangeably with all the other terms but, in its most distinct sense,
it contracts with them in implying a personal, unanalyzable creative power, skill stresses
technical knowledge and proficiency, cunning, suggest ingenuity and subtlety in devising,
inventing, or executing. Artifice suggest mechanical skills especially in imitating things in
nature, craft may imply expertness in workmanship or suggest s trickery and guile in
attaining ones ends.

Functions of art

> art serves several functions which are corollary to its purposes. These functions include
but are not limited to the following: personal and individual, social, economic, political,
historical, cultural, religious, physical, and aesthetic.

Personal or individual function- artist have their personal reasons for indulging in art.
Example: the English poet Robert browning expressed his love to ElizabethBarret-
browning in the form of a poem entitled ‘’ my last duchess’’; Elizabeth did the same by
mean of the poem entitled ‘’ how do i love thee’’The personal functions of art are often
the most difficult to explain. There are many types of personal function, and they are
subjective and will therefore vary from person to person. An artist may create out of a
need for self-expression, or gratification.

Figure 1 . Figure 2.

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Social function- social being and as such he associated with his fellow beings. This
associated is evidence by the choral singing and group dancing in religious rites other
practices. Oftentimes, houses are constructed by groups of men for the smallest social
groups in a society, the families. Churches are built for communal work ship. A drama is
performed by a group of performers called the cast before a group of viewers known as the
audience. Oral and written literatures are handed from one generation to the next and
enjoyed by the people of various races and ages. Jose Rizal’s novels were written to
arouse social consciousness. Museums house painting and sculpture which are viewed by
many onlookers. Social functions of art are those that go beyond personal intrinsic value to
art's social benefits. Individuals and their society are dynamically related. Art
communicates. Most often it is constructed with the intention of sharing responses to and
opinions about life with others. Art enriches, informs, and questions our world. When highly
valued it can be both a social and financial asset. Art can have powerful transformative and
restorative effects within a society as well.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Economic function- many people believe that it does not pay to be an artist. However, this
belief is negated by these facts. Joanne k. Rowling, the author of the best-selling harries
potter series, became one of the most highly-paid women in British history. Elvis Presley
and MichaelJackson raked millions for their best records. Painting of great painters such as
da Vince and Buonarroti are worth millions of dollars now. GMA 7 spent millions of pesos
for the set of ‘’ INDIO ‘’ and ENCANTADIA’’ and the costume pf RichardGutierrez in
CAPTAIN BAEBELL.Arts and Designed can be classified as a creative industry. Every
industry no matter what its type can play a role in the economy. As an industry it provides
the opportunity for employment. ... In order for The Arts and Design to thrive they need to
have the resources to develop their skills and creativity.

Figure1 : Figure 2 Figure 3

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Political function- when ImeldaRomualdez Marcos, a patroness of the arts, became the
governor of metro manila, she promoted her political programs by means of the arts. Part of
her beautification program was the painting of murals along national roads and busy streets
frequented by motorists. She was responsible for the building of edifies in the CCP -
CULTURAL CENTER OF THR PHILIPPINES complex; these the PICC - PHILIPPINE
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER, FAT- FOLK ARTS THEATER, now known as
tanghalangFrancisco’sbalagtas, and the film center. Likewise part of the Marcos
administration image-building program for the called new society ( bagong lipunan ) was the
writing of composition inculcating the virus of self-discipline, industry, unity, and
cooperation.Political function: to reinforce and enhance a sense of identity and ideological
connection to specific political views, parties and/or people

Historical function- painting, sculpture, architecture works and other art form serve to
record historical figures and events. The OUR LADY OF EDSA shrine is sterling of Filipinos
love of peace and freedom as it reminds those who pass by EDSA of the bloodless
revolution in the Philippines history, emulated by other races all over the world.Historically,
many works of art and nearly all architecture were intended to serve some purpose beyond
the aesthetic. Understanding function is crucial because it usually plays a role in
determining many features, including iconography, materials, format, and aspects of style.

Figure 1 Figure 2

Cultural function- buildings, furniture chairs, tables, clothes and the like form part of the
country’s materials culture, while music, dance, and language, which is incorporated in oral
and written literature and drama, form part of its non- material culture. Therefore, paintings,
sculpture. Architecture works, songs, dances, dramas, and literary pieces are embodiments
of a nations culture. reflects a society's cultural ideas, values, and concerns, either
collective or individual. Cross-cultural studies of art shows that it represents different
worldviews, religious beliefs, political ideas, social values, kinship structures, economic
relations, and historical memory.

Figure 1 Figure 2

Religious function- almost all, if not all, art forms evolved from religious. People in the
olden times worshipped their gods in the form of songs and dances. The earliest dramatic
forms were religious in nature. Religious art or sacred art is artistic imagery using religious
inspiration and motifs and is often intended to uplift the mind to the spiritual. Sacred art
involves the ritual and cultic practices and practical and operative aspects of the path of the
spiritual realization within the artist's religious tradition.

8
Figure 1 Figure 2

Physical function- Paintings and buildings can both be symbols, but buildings also serve a
physical function. Many objects have both physical and aesthetic duties. Architects,
Industrial and Graphic Designers, Interior Decorators-all of these professionals have to
balance form and function. Art shares responsibility for the built environment: how it looks
and how it works. Sometimes how it looks improves how it works, and sometimes the
opposite occurs.

9. Aesthetic function-While aesthetic communication can take place in a variety of ways,

in art it always involves the production of an artefact aimed at and productive of
appreciation. ... Iseminger emphasizes that the function applies to the practice of art as an
institution, and not to the function per se of every particular work of art. Arts works serve to
beauty. Painting serve to decorate houses and other buildings.

Figure1 Figure 2

Art style and factors affecting style

Every artist has his way of presenting his work. Such is called art style. Such style is
affected by the following factors. Geographical. Historical, social, ideational. Psychological,
and technical.

Geographical factors- the place where the artist stays influence his works.factors are
inclined to obscure the geographical influence. Early art, too, shows the ... widening of

9
intercourse brought enlarged resources and movement of ideas. Moreover ... an important
role in influencing the development of art.

Historical factors- historical events exert a great influence on artist, particularly the written
Example joserizal’s novels, noli me tangere and El filibusterismo, graphically highlight the
events that took place in the country during the last century of Hispanic vaue. Art influences
society by changing opinions, instilling values and translating experiences across space
and time. Research has shown art affects the fundamental sense of self. ... Art preserves
what fact-based historical records cannot: how it felt to exist in a particular place at a
particular time.

Social factors- Social relationship affects artist .Art influences society by changing
opinions, instilling values and translating experiences across space and time. Research has
shown art affects the fundamental sense of self. Painting, sculpture, music, literature and
the other arts are often considered to be the repository of a society's collective memory.

Ideational factors-the ideas coming various people also influence artist. The father of
psychoanalysis, Sigmund freud, proposed ideas that have influenced surrealist painters.
The idea that the human body is the most beautiful figure to present as an art subject gave
rise to school of though called nudism. Ideational factors are grouped into three
categories: cognitive, emotional and social. ... The more ideational factors that apply to
someone, the greater the likelihood that they will adopt a health behavior. When ideational
factors are summed in this way, they are highly predictive of health behaviors.

Psychological factors- at times, the works produced by the artist are affected by their
psychological make-up or frame of mind.Physiological factors are things related to your
physical body that affect your thinking. ... Physiological factors also include changes to
the brain's structure due to injuries, extended periods of inactivity, or physical stress.

Technical factors- techniques matter as far artistic styles are concerned. In fact , painters
employ a variety of techniques to make their works unique. Different brushes produce
different stroke, if there are no brushes, painters use their hands. those without hands make
use of their mouths or feet. Moreover, those with airbrushes or similar equipment produce
painting with the use of such equipment. Additionally, paintings can be rendered,
realistically, surrealistically, impressionistically, and so on.

Principles of art

To come up with attractive artworks, artist must be governed by the five conventions of
artistic compositions. The five principles of art are harmony, balance, rhythm, proportion,
and emphasis.

Harmony- harmony is the most essential factors in a composition. Also called, unity,
harmony, is achieve when all the elements of a thing are put together to come up with a
coherent whole. Every part of a work of art is necessary to the composition to the extent
that all the parts exhibits a sense of belongings together and a pleasing relationship with
one another. If one of the parts does not complement the others, then lack of harmony
result.

Balance- known as physical equilibrium, balance is stability produced by even distribution

of weight on each side of the things. It is classified into formal or informal.

Formal balance- Formal balance means the elements in the design (photo, painting,
structure) are symmetrica. Formal balance exist if the weight at equal distance from the
center are equal.

Sample of formal balance:

10
Informal balance- informal balance is present when the left and right sides of things,
though not identical in appearance, still display an even distribution of weight. It is also
known as asymmetrical or occult balance.

Rhythm- is the continuous use of a motif or repetitive pattern of a succession of similar or

identical items. It can be achieved by alternation use of two patterns alternately. is the
pattern of regular or irregular pulses caused in music by the occurrence of strong and weak
melodic and harmonic beats

Proportion- is the comparative relationship of the different parts in relation to the whole.
describe the size of one object in relation to another, each object is often referred to as a
whole. Proportion has a very similar definition but tends to refer to the relative size of parts
within a whole

Emphasis- is giving proper important on one or more parts of the things or the whole things
itself. It is achieve by means of size or proportion, shape, color, line, position, and variety.
More often than not, the artist emphasizes the one with the bigger size or proportion, the
one with a different shape or color, the one with striking lines, the one positioned at the
center, and the one that is unique.

Activity # 1

Essay
Question:
1. Explain the definition of art.
2. Appreciate the important of art in our generation.

RATING GUIDE
(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take time
to read and understand the content of the rating guide.)
NEEDS
CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY
IMPROVEMENT

11
 CONTEXT / IDEAS The ideas are full, There are ideas but There is no idea and
Include verifiable detailed and well not detailed and collaboration at all.
ideas and elaborated. slightly elaborated.
elaboration of
answers. (10 Points) (8 Points) (6 Points)
ORGANIZATION The ideas are well The ideas are The ideas have not
Include organized and slightly organized organized and
chronological presented. and have good presented.
presentation of presentation.
ideas. (5 Points) (4 points) (2 Points)
There are no There are slight There are lots of
GRAMMAR AND
grammar errors, an grammar errors, has grammar errors and
PUNCTUATION
excellent choice of good choice of poor choice of
Include correctness
words and words and some words. Punctuation
of grammar, choice
punctuation marks misuse of marks are
of words and use
are appropriately punctuation marks. inappropriately used.
of appropriate
used.
punctuation marks.
(5 Points) (3 points) (2 Points)
TOTAL SCORE

Classification of art forms

Artist abound since there are many genres of art. And the art number of artist keep on
increasing as new forms of art emerge. Based on the sensory perception involved, the
genres of art are classified into visual arts, audio-visual arts, and literary arts.

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Visual arts- are those forms perceive by the eyes. These include painting, sculpture, and
architecture. They are also called spatial arts because artworks produced under this genre
occupy space. They are further divided into graphic arts and plastic arts.

Graphic arts- are those visual arts that have length and width, thus they are also called
two-dimensional arts. Examples of these arts are painting, printing, drawing, sketching,
commercial art, mechanical pro, and processes, computer graphics photography.
Plastic arts- are those visual arts that have length, width, and volume,thus they are also
called three-dimensional arts examples of these are sculpture, architecture, landscape, city
planning, interior, design, costume design, set design, theater design, industrial design,
crafts.

Audio-visual arts- are those forms perceive by both ears and eyes. They called performing
arts inasmuch as the artist render a performance in front of an audience. Examples of these
are music.( vocal, instrumental, and mixed ) dance, ( ethnological, social, and theatrical )
and drama ( tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce, melodrama )

Literal arts- are those presented in the written mode and intended to be read. These
include prose ( short stories, novels, essays, and plays ) and poetry ( narrative poems, lyric
poems, and dramatic poems )

Division of art study

Humanities or the study of the arts was limited to aesthetics or art appreciation
and/or art history during the second half of the 20 th century. With the onset of the new
millennium and the recent developments in various disciplines, the study of humanities has
extended to art production and art criticism. In short, humanities deals with four divisions of
art study, namely, art appreciation, art history, art production, and art criticism.

Aesthetics or Art Appreciation. Aesthetic, the science of beauty, is that division of art
study in which the student learns to admire the artists, value highly different works of aart,
and appreciate the role of art in society.

Art History. Art history is that division of art study in which the student acquires knowledge
of the artists, their backgrounds, their masterpieces, and their significant contributions in
various fields of art.

Art Production. Art production is that division of art study in which the student learns to
use his creativity and apply his artistic knowledge and skills in producing his own works of
art.

Art Criticism. Art criticism is that division of art study in which the student learns to use hus
judgement in evaluating different artworks based on the criteria set.

Integrative Art
A number of art forms are combined to form an art work. For example, an opera or
musical play is combination of music, dance, and drama. A building is an architectural work
that can have paintings and sculptures as integral parts. Dishes are products of culinary
arts; they may have vegetable or fruit sculptures as decorations. A t-shirt or another piece
of garment may have a design produced through computer graphics. A novel or another
literary piece in book form may have a painting or drawings as its cover. All these serve to
exemplify integrative art.

Contemporary Art

Wikipedia defines contemporary arts as “art produced at the present period in time.
Contemporary art includes, and develops from, post-modern art, which is itself a successor
to modern art.” However, many people equate contemporary art with modern art. Another

13
online definition is “art that has been and continues to be created during our lifetimes.”
Simply put, it is art that is contemporary to us.

The period of modernism ends around 1970, which marks the start of the era of
post-modernism. And since post-modernism is the most recent movement in the field of art,
it is considered to be the contemporary art movement. Thus, contemporary art runs from
1970 until now. “A whole lot of art from the last 30 years (or so) has been connected with
one issue or another: feminism, multiculturalism, globalization, bio-engineering and AIDS
awareness all come readily to mind as subject matter.”

Activity # 2

Activity Performance

Materials:

Pencil/marker

-crayons

-short bond paper

-eraser

Instruction: create an artwork by applying different artworks of integrative and

contemporary art.

Rubrics

Criteria 10-mastery 5-accomplish 5-acceptable total

Components The drawing Clear The drawing

reflection are represent a clear understanding of represented by
knowledge understanding material the knowledge
and gained

Basic skills Drawing exhibits Drawing contains Effort in work

attention to detail may strong appear in good
and variety elements only few quality
drawing
techniques used

Meaning and Shading is well The drawing still The drawing has
realism of the done with defend has a two complete look to
artworks attention to detail dimensional gained an
object quality or good attention
quality

WEEK 3 – 4 Elements of the audio-visual arts

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Describe elements of the audio-visual arts ( music , dance )

2. Identify elements of the audio-visual arts ( music , dance )
3. Appreciate the importance value of the elements of the audio-visual arts ( music , dance)

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4. Discuss audio visual arts ( drama, theater )
5. Appreciate the importance audio-visual arts ( drama, theater )

Elements of the audio-visual arts

Music – is the art of combining sounds of varying pitch to produce a coherent composition
that is melodious, harmonious, intelligible, and expressive of ideas and emotions. Similar to
any art form, music, has its own elements. Because it is an audio-visual arts, it shares the
same elements possessed by dance and drama. Its elements are listed in the following.
Pitch- the relative highness or lowness of a tone.

Volume or intensity- the loudness or softness of a sound. It ranges from very soft and soft
to very load and loud. The volume is louder when a singer belts out compared to the
volume when he simply whisper.

Tempo or rate- the speed of a composition or any of its sections. Ballads have a slow
tempo whereas dance songs have a fast rate.

Duration- the length of time during which a sound is produced. Some sounds are longer
than the others.

Timbre- the quality of sound that makes it distinct from other sound.

Rhythm- the consistent pattern or succession of identical or similar sounds. This is

illustrated by the succession of similar sounds in a song, as follows, introduction, stanza
one, chorus, refrain, stanza two, chorus, refrain coda, and conclusion.

Melody- the series of consecutive tones that vary in pitch and duration but form a line
individual significance and expressive.

Harmony- the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones. When three or more tones
sounded simultaneously, there exist a chord.

Texture- the number of tones expected to be apprehended simultaneously. It is either

monophonic ( sounding of a single melodic line without an accompaniment polyphonic.
( sound transmission )

Form- the overall organization of the composition, it is associated with shape, structure and
coherence.

Dance

Dance is a form of art using rhythmic bodily movements expressing ideas and emotions
and accompanied by music. As an art for,, it may tell a story, set a mood, or express an
emotion, it is a form of exercise, number of people who want to be physically fit turn to
dancing.

Dancer- is the most important elements of dance. Since he is the performer, there won’t be
a dance without him.

Choreography- is the dance director. He does the overall design of the dance, assign the
steps to be executed by the dancer, selects the costumes and props that go with the dance.

Design- is the planned organization or pattern of movements in time and space.

Subject- is the message of the dance. Simply put, it tells what the dance is about. For
example, the theme of the ifugao war dance is the rivalry between two tribes that leads to
an armed cobflict.

15
Movements- movements are classified into steps, gesture and facial expressions, steps
are the dancers movements from one point on stage to another, these include leaps , turns,
rolls and somersaults.

Techniques- is the style or way of executing the movements,

Properties- more commonly called props. Properties are the things carried by the dancers
as they perform.

Costumes- are things worn by dancers during their performance

Set design- the setting or the background that indicates the place of action for the dancers.

Other theatrical elements- elements such as lighting effects, sound effects, visual effects,
and the like form part of a dance performance when the dance is performed as part of a
musical play or when it is theatrical dance.

Drama or theater

Drama is a form of art that depicts life’s experiences through the reenactment of events that
take place in the real world or happen in the mind of the writer. Derived from the Greek
word dram meaning to act or to do., drama is performed on stage or in front of the camera
by actors and actresses under the supervision of the director.

Direction/ director- is the overall in charge of the dramatic performance.

Acting- the members of the cast perform the roles assigned to them by the director.

Editing- the editor sequences the scenes to be presented in such a way that they make up
a coherent whole.

Set design- set designer does the layout of the set. He determines what to place as
background and what to put on stage.
Production design- similar to the set designer for a stage play, the production designer is
tasked to do the overall design for a drama to be shown on the small screen or the wide
screen.

Cinematography- is the person who takes charge of the photography. He looks for a
location that fits the story and with the aid of the cameramen.

Costume design- creates the clothes to be worn by the actor and actresses.

Make up- artist beautifies or uglifies the actors and actresses based on the roles they
portray.

Properties- the properties ( props for short ) are the things which the actors and actresses
carry or bring with them as they perform on stage or in front of the camera in order to
establish their character.

Light or lighting affects- the light man is in charge of determining the amount ( bright or
dark ) and the surces ( sun, lamp, flashlight or candle ) of light needed to make scenes
realistic and credible.

Sound effects- the sound effects man is in charge of determining the amount ( loud, soft )
and the sources ( people, animals, objectives, horns thunder ) of sound needed to make the
scenes realistic and credible.

Visual effects- the visual effects man is in charge of producing those sight that are not
usually captured by the camera in order to make the scenes effective, exciting, and
appealing to the viewers.

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Theme song- the theme song is the song composed to represented the theme or the
subject matter of the drama.

Musical scores- the theme song is not the only song played in a drama whether it is a
comedy a tragedy, a melodrama, or another genre.

Story- is one of the most important aspects of a play for without it, there wont be any
production.

Script- the script is that contains the dialogue or lines to be memorized by the performance.

Literary elements- the literary elements of drama are the setting, characters, plot, theme,
conflict, point of view, tone, mood, and atmosher.

Tragedy- a tragedy is a drama, in which the hero fails to fulfill his goal or goals. His failure
is attributed to his tragic flaws, a fatal mistakes.

Comedy- is a drama in which the hero succeeds in fulfilling his goal or goals. Sometimes, it
is comic all throughout as a manners or a slapstick comedy such that the viewers laugh
and laugh as they watch the performance.

Tragicomedy- a tragicomedy is a drama in which the hero fails with respect to some goals
but succeeds with respect to the other goals.

Farce- a farce is drama written by the author whose intention is to poke fun at the hero, his
subject,

Melodrama- a melodrama is a drama that focuses not on the protagonist, but on on the
action or situation. It is characterized by the sentimental love story, sensational actions ,
extravagant emotions and happy ending. Most of Sharon cuneta films are melodrama.

Religious play- is a drama that serves to reenact a biblical event or teach a truth or truths
pertaining to a certain religion.

Historical play- just like a religious play, a historical play serves to reenact a historical
events that plays an important role on the lives of the viewers.

Musical play- also known as an opera, musical play is an art form combines music and
drama.

Literature.

The term literature came from the latin word ‘’ literature ‘’ meaning writing or learning or
from the latin word literatus meaning literate or learned. As such, a literary piece is
produced by someone who is literate or learned in the language or culture of a social group.
Literature is divided into two broad genres- poetry and prose. Poetry is that broad genre of
literature that is written in stanza form. It is characterized by a regular rhythmic pattern ,
rhythm, horizontal and/or vertical measure, imagery, symbolism, and figurative language.
Making it distinct from prose forms, these elements are as following:

Measure- involves the counting of the number of lines and stanza 9 vertical measures ) and
the number of syllables and feet ( horizontal measure )

Rhythm – is the regular succession of accented and unaccented syllables in the line. Is the
presence of words that have similar or identical final sounds.

These are those following rhythm:

 Internal rhyme
 Terminal rhyme
 Perfect rhyme
 Approximate rhyme

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  Eye rhyme
 Masculine rhyme
 Feminine rhyme
 Compound rhyme

Imaginary- is the creation of a picture or pictures by using words that appeal to the sense.
It is either visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile or tactual, kinesthetic, or thermal.

Symbolism- is manifested when one thing is let to represent another. A symbol is

something which represent something else by association, resemblance, or convention.

Prose- is that broad genre of literature that is written in paragraph form. It is an expression
that does not have a regular rhythmic pattern. It differs from poetry in the sense that it does
not have measure and rhyme, besides rhythm with sustained regularity. All genres of prose,
except essays, have the following elements: setting, characters, theme, plot, conflict, and
point of view.

Setting- refers to the time and locale of the story.

Characters- are categorized into principal and supporting characters. The principal
characters are the protagonist and the primary antagonist, whereas the supporting
characters are the supporting antagonists, confidants, foil, and background characters.

Theme- is the idea or concept of the author expressed in a concise statement. Referred to
as the message of the story, it concretizes the abstract idea the writer wants to impart.

Plot- is the chronological sequence of events in the story. It is divided into the following
parts: exposition, rising incident/s, complication, crisis, climax, denouement, or resolution,
falling incident/s, and conclusion.

Conflict- is the motivating, driving force that involves both characters and readers in the
narrative. Synonymous with opposition, conflict is classified into social, physical,
metaphysical, and internal or personal conflict.

Point of view- is the angle of narration. The frame of reference the author takes in telling
the story is either first person or third person.

Activity # 3

Question:
1. Explain the Elements of the audio-visual arts in your own opinion.
2. Appreciate the important of dance and music under audio-visual arts.

Essay RATING GUIDE

18
(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take time
to read and understand the content of the rating guide.)
NEEDS
CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY
IMPROVEMENT
CONTEXT / IDEAS The ideas are full, There are ideas but There is no idea and
Include verifiable detailed and well not detailed and collaboration at all.
ideas and elaborated. slightly elaborated.
elaboration of
answers. (10 Points) (8 Points) (6 Points)
ORGANIZATION The ideas are well The ideas are The ideas have not
Include organized and slightly organized organized and
chronological presented. and have good presented.
presentation of presentation.
ideas. (5 Points) (4 points) (2 Points)
There are no There are slight There are lots of
GRAMMAR AND
grammar errors, an grammar errors, has grammar errors and
PUNCTUATION
excellent choice of good choice of poor choice of
Include correctness
words and words and some words. Punctuation
of grammar, choice
punctuation marks misuse of marks are
of words and use
are appropriately punctuation marks. inappropriately used.
of appropriate
used.
punctuation marks.
(5 Points) (3 points) (2 Points)
TOTAL SCORE

Classification of Characters ( Elements )

Elements

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 -to produce an awe-inspiring artwork, an artist must know first the different principles of
art and the elements of the specific art he is engaged in. Knowledge of the art principles
and of the elements of the visual arts is helpful in art production.

Line- is a series of connected dots or a prolongation of a point to show the shape or form of
any piece of art. It is an important element of visual arts because all painters, sculptors, and
architects use lines as springboard of their finished products.

Vertical Lines- show height or stature poise, balance, force, strength, dignity, and
dynamism. A tall tree, a standing man, a bird poised for flight, and a flagpole are presented
with vertical lines.

Horizontal Lines- indicate width, rest repose, quietness, calmness, serenity, infinity,
contemplation, and inaction.

Diagonal Lines- manifest movement, action, and direction. A running man, a flying bird, a
galloping horse, a flowing river, and fireworks display diagonal lines.

Broken or Jagged Lines- connote chaos, confusion, tension, disturbance, violence, or

war.

Straight Lines- exhibit steadiness, stiffness, stillness, inactivity, and force. Inanimate
objects like buildings and bridges are shown with straight lines.

Curved Lines- compared to diagonal lines, curved lines whether concave (inward) or
convex (outward) indicate movements that are smooth.

Color- color is the most important and most noticeable of all the elements of visual art.
Dependent on the presence of light, it is that property of an object that makes it appealing to
the visual sense. Colors are classified in several ways. Based on how they produced, colors
are classified into primary, secondary, and intermediate. According to their position in the
color wheel, they are adjacent, analogous, complementary, spilt complementary, or triadic.
Based on their effect on the visual sense, they are either cool or warm. According to value
they are either light or dark. Based on intensity are bright or dark

Primarycolors- Primary colors are blue, red, and yellow (BRY). They are described as
primary colors because they are the first to be produced and the rest of the colors are
produced as result of their combination.

Secondary color- Secondary colors are, orange, and violet (GOV). they are produced by
combining two primary colors. For examples, green is a product of combining blue and
yellow, and orange is a product of combining red and yellow, and violet is a product of
combining red and blue.\

Complementary colors- Complementary colors. are those colors situated opposite each
other in the color wheel. Examples are red and green, blue and orange, and yellow and
violet. Double complementary colors are two pairs of opposite colors.

Triadic colors- Triadic colors. Colors are a set of three colors forming a triangle in the color
wheel.

Cool colors- Cool colors are those colors that are conspicuous and not striking to the eyes.
Also called receding colors, they suggest distance, tranquility, sobriety, and restfulness.
Examples are violet, green, and blue, the coolest and calmest of all colors.

Warm colors- Warm colors are those colors that are conspicuous and not striking to the
eyes. Also called advancing colors, they suggest warmth, vivacity cheerfulness, exultation,
instinctive action, and excitement.

Texture.Texture is the element of the visual arts associated with the sense of touch. it is the
surface characteristic of an area. An artwork may be smooth or rough, fine or coarse,
glossy or dull, regular or irregular.

20
Shape. Shape is the external appearance of clearly defined area. It contributes to the final
form of the art work, circles and polygons (triangles, rectangles, squares, pentagons,
hexagons, heptagons, etc. are put together to make up the whole object

Space. Space is the area or surface occupied by the art work. A painting covers a flat
surface such wall

Volume. Volume to space, volume is the amount of space occupied by an object in three
dimensions, pertaining to solidity or thickness it is perceived in two ways: by contour lines or
out lines or shapes of objects and by surface light and shadow (Sanchez, Abad, and Jao,
2002).
Perspective. Perspective is synonymous with point of view, angle of vision, or frame of
reference. It is the point where the artist stands to view his subject as he creates his
artwork. It refers to the location and distance upon the appearance of an object by which his
eyes judge spatial relationships.

Form. Form refers to the overall composition of the art work. It describes the entire shape
or organization of the thing or object created. For example, a pyramid is presented is as one
triangle if the front view is used as the perspective, whereas two triangle are shown if the
left or the right side view is used as the perspective.

Painting- is the art applying pigments to surface in order to present a picture of the subject.
Example: an artist working on an oil painting of harvest time chooses the pigments
( coloring substance : green for rice stalk, brown for men, white for shirts, blue for pants,
gray for oil, and so on ).

Sculpture- is the art of curving or otherwise forming a three-dimensional work of art. The
sculpture originated from the latin word scupere meaning to carve. However, there are ways
of sculpturing other hand carving, these are casting, modeling, figures or forms, and
constructing materials into figures or form.

Architecture- is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings, bridges, and
other structure to satisfy individual and communal needs. It is complex art inasmuch as the
task of the rachitic is not only to create the design of the exterior of the building or similar
structure, but also to do the design of its interior.

National artist of the Philippines

21
Music

ANTONINO BUENAVENTURA ( MAY 4,1904-JANUARY 25, 1996 )

 National artist of the Philippines for music in 1988, Buenaventura was a maestro of
the UE school of music and arts. He was among the students of nicanorabelardo,
who ran a boarding school for young musicians.

LEVI CELERIO ( APRIL 30,1910- APRIL 2, 2002 )

 National artist of the Philippines for music in 1997, celerio was a Filipino composer
and prolific lyricist, with over 4,000 songs to his credit. Featured in the guiness book
of world records for being the only man who could play music with a leaf.

ERNANI JOSON CUENCO ( MAY 10, 1936-JULY 12,1988 )

 National artist of the Philippines for music in 1999, cuenco was a prolific Filipino
composer, film scorer, musical director, and music teacher.

FELIPE PADILLA DE LEON ( MAY 1,1912- N0VEMBER 2, 1992 )

 National artist of the Philippines for music in 1997, De leon was a Filipino composer
who wrote the patriotic song ‘’ awitsapaglikha ng bagongpilipinas’’ ( hymm of the
birth of new Philippines ) known by its first line ‘’ tindigakinginangbayan’’ intended to
replace ‘’ lupanghinirang, ( known as in its English translation as the Philippine
national hymm.

FRANCISCO FELICIANO ( FEBRUARY 19, 1941-SEPTEMBER 19, 2014

 National artist of the Philippines for music in 2014, Feliciano contributed to the
awareness of people globally, to view the Asian and Philippine culture asrich source
of inspiration and celebration of our ethnicity.

JOVITA FUENTES ( FEBRUARY 15, 1985- AUGUST 7,1978 )

 National artist of the Philippines for music in 1989, KASILAG was a Filipino
composer, music educator, former president of the CCP for 17 years, head of the
Asian composers league, chairperson of the Philippines society for music education,
and pioneer of the bayanihan dance company.

JOSE MACEDA ( JANUARY 31, 1917- MAY 5, 2004 )

 National artist of the Philippines for music in 1997, MACEDA was a manila born
Filipino composer and ethnomusicologist who studied piano, composition, and
musical analysis at ecole de musique de paris and conducted field work on ethnic
music’s in the Philippines.

ANTONIO J. MOLINA (December 26, 1984-January 29, 1980)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Music in 1973, Molina was a Filipino composer,
conductor, and music administrator who was credited with over 500 compositions,

22
 the first of which was written in 1912 (“Matrinal”). He was appointed to teach
harmony, compositions, music history, and violincello at the UP Conservatory of
Music where he founded the CEU String Quarter professionally organized and
financed by its music school.

LUCIO D. SAN PEDRO ( February 11, 1913-March 31, 2002 )

 National Artist of the Philippines for Music in 1991, San Pedro was a Filipino
composer and teacher born in Angono, Rizal. Known for his popular lullaby “SaUgoy
ng Duyan” (composed in collaboration “with Levi Celerio ) and his symphonic poem
“LahingKayumanggi,” he taught composition at a number of colleges and
universities.

RAMON P. SANTOS ( Born February 25, 1941 )

 National Artist of the Philippines for Music in 2014, Santos is a composer,

conductor, musicologist, and the country’s foremost exponent of contemporary
Filipino music. “He is instrumental in espousing a modern Philippines music rooted
old Asian practices and life concepts. His major works are “Ritwal ng Pasasalamat,”
“Penomenon.” “Parangal kay SW, “L’Bad,” “DaragangMagayon.” “and “DW’Gey”
(NCCA).”

ANDREA O. VENERACION ( July 11, 1928-July 9, 2013 )

 National Artist of the Philippines for Music in 1999, Veneracion was a Filipino choral
conductor who founded in 1963 the Philippine Madrigal Singers (aka Madz), who
major awards in international choral competitions under her direction. An adjudicator
in numerous international choral competitions, she is the founding choirmaster and
first conductor of the Asian Institute for Liturgy and Music (AILM) Chorale.

DANCE

LEONOR OROSA-GOQUINGCO (July 24, 1917-July 15, 2005)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Dance in 1976, Goquingco (aka Cristina Luna)
was known as “Trailblazer,” “Mother of Philippine Theater Dance,” and “Dean of
Filipino Performing Arts Critics.” In 1039, she was the only dancer sent on the first
cultural mission to Japan (at the age of 19);she produced “Circling the Globe” and
“Dance Panorama” in the same year.

RAMON OBUSAN (June 16, 1938-December 21, 2006)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Dance in 2006, Obusan founded in 1972 the
Ramon Obusan Folklore Group (ROFG), which started as a fledgling folk dance
company composed of some 30 performers. Reflecting the traditional culture of the
Philippines through dance and music, the ROFG made a name for itself in the dance
genre by serving as the precursor of Philippine dance that approximated its original
form.

FRANCISCA REYES-AQUINO (March 9, 1899-November 21, 1983)

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  National Artist of the Philippines for Dance in 1973, Reyes-Aquino was named the
“Mother of Philippine Dancing” for her voluminous collection of Philippine folk
dances. She gathered indigenous folk dances, songs, and games for her master’s
thesis at the University of the Philippines.

Theater, Film and Broadcast Arts.

DAISY AVELLANA (January 26, 1917-May 12, 2013)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Theater and Film in 1999, Avellana is a
performer and film director. She was married to LambertoAvellana, another
Philippine National Artist. Her film credits include “Portrait of the Artist as Filipinoi”
(actress and scriptwriter), “Diego Silang” (directress), “WalangSugat” (directress),
and “Sakay” (scriptwrirer).

LAMBERTO AVELLANA (February 12, 1915-April 25, 19991)

National Artist of the Philippines for Film 1976, Avellana was the first recipient of
such award conferred by Pres. Ferdinand Marcos. He was a prominent Filipino film and
stage director whose career spanned six decades. Of the more than 70 films he directed,
the films “AnakDalita” (1956) and “Badjao” (1957) won for him international acclaim.

ISHMAEL BERNAL (September 30, 1938-June 2, 1996)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Cinema in 2001, Bernal was an acclaimed
Filipino film, stage and television director, actor, and screenwriter. He was known for
his melodrama dealing with feminist and moral issues.

SALVADOR E. BERNAL (January 7, 1945-October 26, 2011)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Theater and Design in 2003, Bernal was an
acclaimed artist from the Philippines. Since he began his career 1n 1969, he
completed over 300productions in art, film, and music.

CATALINO BROCKA (April 3, 1939-May 21, 1991)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Cinema in 1997, Brocka (aka Lino) is known as
an “actor’s director” because he groomed many budding actorsinto award-winning
ones. Among them are Christopher de Leon (“TinimbangKaNgunitKulang”),
BembolRoco (“Maynila: Sa Kuko ng Liwanag”), Hilda KoRONEL (“Insiang”), Philip
Salvador (“Jaguar” and “Bayan Ko: KapitsaPatalim”), Gina Alajar (“Orapronobis”0,
Daniel Fernando (“Macho Dancer”).

MANUEL CONDE (October 9, 1915-August 11, 1985)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Cinema in 2009, Conde “indigenized cinema by
assigning it a history and culture of its own, by revitalizing folk culture with urgent
issues, by depicting and critiquing Filipino customs , values, and traditions according
to the needs of the present , by employing and at the same time innovating on the
traditional cinematic genres of his time, and by stablishing the presence of the
Filipino cinema in the world (NCCA).

24
HONORATA DE LA RAMA-HERNANDEZ (January 11, 1902-July 11, 1991)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Theater and Music in 1987, De la Rama (aka
Atang) was a singer, playwright-producer, and vaudeville performer who became the
first Filipino film actress.

GERARDO DE LEON (September 12, 1913-July 25, 1081)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Cinema in 1982, De Leon (aka “Gerry”) was a
Filipino actor and director from the Ilagan clan of Philippine motion pictures. He had
his acting debut in the film “AngDangal” (1934) and his directional debut in the film
“Bahay-Kubo” (1939).

WILFREDO MA. GUERERO (January 22, 1911-April 28, 1995)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Theater in 1997, Ma. Guerero founded the UP
Mobile Theater, serving as its artistic director and pioneering the concept of theater
campus tour. “By bringing theater to the countryside, he made possible for
studentsanad audiences in general to experience the basic grammar of staging and
acting in familiar and friendly ways through his plays that harmoniously reflect the
behavior of the Filipino (NCCA).

SEVERINO MONTANO (Jnauary 3, 1915-December 12, 1980)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Theater in 2001, Montano is a playwright

director, actor, and theater organizer. “He institutionalized legitimate theater in the
Philippines and honed and shared his expertise with his countrymataes.

RONALD ALLAN K. POE, JR. (August 20, 1939-December 12, 2004)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Cinema on May 23, 2006 by Pres. Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo and proclaimed again as such on July 20, 20112 by Pres.
Benigno Aquino III, Poe (better known as FPG and Da King) was an actor, director
(Ronwaldo Reyes), an producer. Among his famous movies were the mythical
“AngPanday: series, “KahitKontingPagtingin,” “DitosaPitongGatang.” And “Aguila.’

EDDIE S. ROMERO (July 7, 1924-May 28, 2013)

 National Artist if the Philippines for Cinema and Broadcast Arts in 2003, Romero
was an acclaimed and influential Filipino film director, producer, and screenwriter,
considered one of the finest in Cinema of the Philippines.

ROLANDO S. TINIO (March 5, 1937-July 8, 1997)

 National Artist of the Philippines for Theater and Literature in 1997, Tinio is a film
actor, scriptwriter, and director married to theater and film actress Ella Luansing.
Born in Gagalangin, Tondo, maynila, he studied at the University of Santo Tomas
and graduated with honors (magna cum laude).

Activity # 4

General instruction : write the correct answer on space provided

25
 ___________1.Colors, are green, orange, and violet

___________2. Colors that are inconspicuous and not striking to the eyes, violet,
green, and blue

___________3. Refers to the overall composition of the artworks

__________4. Is the amount of space occupied by an object on three dimension

__________5.External appearance of clearly defined area.

___________6. Guinness book record of world recorder

__________7. Natural artist of the Philippines for music in 1988

__________8. Natural artist of the Philippines for music in 1989

__________9. Natural artist of the Philippines for dance in 1976

_________10. Natural artist of the Philippines for dance in 1988

WEEK 5 – 6 Filipino artist painter

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

26
 1. Determine the Filipino artist painter
2. Appreciate the importance value of Filipino artist painter
3. Determine the Filipino artist sculpture
4. Appreciate the importance value of Filipino artist sculpture

Filipino artist painter:

Federico A. Aguilar ( June 6, 1932- February 2, 2011 )

National artist of the Philippines for visual arts ( painting ) in 2009, aguilar is an acrylic and
oil painter, as well as an abstract sculptor producing ceramics, tapetries, and relief
sculpture, his works are highly favored for its studied refinement and the ease pleasure
conveyed by his choice of light , color and composition with its playful expressionist and
cubist elements ( NCCA ).

Fernando C. Amorsolo ( May 30, 1892- April 24, 1972 )

He was considered as one of the most important artist in the history of painting in the
Philippines and regarded as the father of Philippines realism for his numerous realistic
painting. After his graduation from the university of the Philippines, he worked as a UP part
time instructor and a commercial artist. He developed the backlighting technique which
became his trademark where figures , a cluster of leave spill of hair, the swell of breast, are
seen aglow on canvas. His major works include ‘’ bombing of the intendencia ‘’ ( 1942 ), ‘’
the burning of manila’’ ( 1964 ), ‘’ dalagang bukid “ ( 1936 ) . the first mass in the Philippines
‘’ planting rice ( 1964 ).

Benecdicto R. Cabrera ( born april 10, 1942 )

National artist of the Philippines for visual arts ( painting ) in 2006, Cabrera ( aka bencab ) is
a Filipino painter noted for being ‘’ arguably the best-selling painter of his generation of
Filipino artist’’ he exhibited widely in the Philippines and in asia, Europe and the united
states during the last decade of the millennium and reaped many accolades.

Francisco Coching ( January 29, 1919- September 1, 1998 )

National artist of the Philippines for visual arts in 2014, coching is a master storyteller and
the acknoeledged ‘’ dean of Filipino illustrators’’. His illustrations and novels are products of
that happy combination of fertile imagination, a love of storytelling, and flawless
craftsmanship. ‘’ lapu-lapu’’, sagisag ng lahing pilipino’’. Haring ulupong,’’ are among his
works.

Victorio C. Edades ( December 13, 1895 – march 7, 1985 )

27
National artist of the Philippines for visual arts ( painting ) in 1976, edades was a Filipino
painter who led the revolutionary thirteen moderns. Edades pioneered modernism in the
Philippines art scene, he became known as the father of modern Philippines painting. Most
of his paintings portrayed the hardship of the working class. The sketch ‘’ national museum
collection ( 1928 ) , the builders cultural center of the Philippines collection ( 1928 ) ,
interaction ( 1935 ) .

Carlos V. Francisco ( November 4, 1914- march 31, 1969 )

National artist of the Philippines for visual arts ( painting ) in 1973, Francisco ( aka botong )
is a muralist from angono rizal. ‘’ he single-handedly revived the forgotten art of mural and
remained its most distinguished practitioner for nearly three decades ( NCCA ). Best known
for his historical pieces, he produced great works including ‘’ blood compact’’, first mass at
limasawa’’.

Jose T. Joya ( June 3, 1931- may 11, 1995 )

National artist of the Philippines for visual arts ( painting ) in 2003, jose is a Filipino abstract
artist, printmaker, mixed media artist, and former dean ( 1970 – 1978 ) of the university of
the Philippines college of fine arts. His use of rice paper in collages promoted transparency
a common characteristics of folk art ( NCCA ). Barter of panay ( 1948 ), Christ stripped of
his clothes ( 1954 ), granadean arabesque ( 1958 ), biennial ( 1964 ), dimension of fear
( 1965 ), vista beyond vision ( 1981 ).

Ang KIUKOK ( march 1, 1931- may 9, 2005 )

National artist of the Philippines for visual arts ( painting ) in 2001, ang kiukuk was a leading
Filipino painter born in davao city to chinise- Filipino parents who had emigrated from
Fukien. He pursued a style of expression imbued with humanist fervor and social concern
( NCCA ) ‘’ geometric landscape’’, face’’ ‘’ crucifixion’’ ‘’pieta’’ and ‘’ the seated figure’’ are
among his works.

Cesar LEGASPI ( April 2, 1917- April 7, 1994 )

National artist of the Philippines for visual arts ( painting ) in 1990, Legaspi was a Filipino
he went full-time in his visual art practice in the 1960. He led the Saturday group of artist
from 1978 until his death. He made use of the geometric fragmentation technique, weaving
social comment and juxtaposing the mythical and modern into his overlapping, interacting
forms with power and intensity ( NCCA ) . ‘’Diggest”, “idols of the third eye “,
“façade”,”ovary”, “ florante and laura “.

Arturo R. Luz ( Born November 20, 1926 )

28
National artist of the Philippines for visual arts ( painting ) in 1997, luz is a painter,
printmaker, sculptor, designer, and art administrator. He inspired and developed a Filipino
artistic community that nurtures impeccable, minimalist design. “ vendador de flores “, “
procession”, “ night glows”, “ cities of the past, “ imaginary”, “landscape”, “and “ black and
white”, are among his works.

Vicente S. Manansala ( January 22, 1910- august 22, 1981)

National artist of the Philippines for visual arts ( painting ) in 1981, Manansala was
Philippines cubist painter and illustrator born) in macabebe, Pampanga. His masterpieces
include” Madonna of the slums” “ jeepneys”, “ markets venders” “kalabaws” and “ carabao” (
1965 ) “ bangkusay seascape” ( 1940 ) “ banaklaot “ ( 1948 ) and “ reclining mother and
child” ( 1967 ). He also did the mirals of “ stations of the cross “ in the parish church of the
holy sacrifice.

Hernando R. Ocampo ( April 28, 1911- December 28, 1978 )

National artist of the Philippines for visual arts ( painting ) in 1991. Ocampo was a painter,
fictionist, playwright and editor. These include “ina ng balon”, “ calvary “,” slum dwelles”,
nude with candle and flower”, “ man and carabao” , “ angels kiss “,” palayok at kalan”, “
ancestors”, “ isda at mannga”.

Activity #5

Direction: Differentiate the following words using Venn Diagram:

1. Painting vs sculpture
Draw the Venn Diagram in the space provided

Essay RATING GUIDE

(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take time
to read and understand the content of the rating guide.)

29
 NEEDS
CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY
IMPROVEMENT
CONTEXT / IDEAS The ideas are full, There are ideas but There is no idea and
Include verifiable detailed and well not detailed and collaboration at all.
ideas and elaborated. slightly elaborated.
elaboration of
answers. (10 Points) (8 Points) (6 Points)
ORGANIZATION The ideas are well The ideas are The ideas have not
Include organized and slightly organized organized and
chronological presented. and have good presented.
presentation of presentation.
ideas. (5 Points) (4 points) (2 Points)
There are no There are slight There are lots of
GRAMMAR AND
grammar errors, an grammar errors, has grammar errors and
PUNCTUATION
excellent choice of good choice of poor choice of
Include correctness
words and words and some words. Punctuation
of grammar, choice
punctuation marks misuse of marks are
of words and use
are appropriately punctuation marks. inappropriately used.
of appropriate
used.
punctuation marks.
(5 Points) (3 points) (2 Points)
TOTAL SCORE

Pablo S. Antonio ( January 25, 1902- june 14, 1975 )

National artist of the Philippines for architecture in 1976, Antonio is a pioneer of modern
Philippines architecture. He designed the ideal theater, life theater, manila polo club, and far
eastern university campus. He finished his education at the university of London with the
financial assistance from engr. Ramon Arevalo, for whom he worked as an assistant in the
legislative building project.

Leandro V. LOCSIN ( August 15, 1928- November 15, 1994 )

National artist of the philippines for architecture in 1990, locsin is best known for the cultural
center of the Philippines. His other works are the church of the holy sacrifice in the
university of the Philippines in diliman, quezon city, st. andrew’s church ( circular ) antipolo
church ( circular ) and Philippine insternational convention center..

Juan F. Nakpil ( may 26, 1899- may 7, 1986 )

National artist of the Philippines for architecture in 1973, nakpil is a teacher a civic leader,
and a pioneer and innovator in Philippines architecture. Fe designed the 1937 internationa
Eucharistic congress. He also reconstructed dr. jose rizal’s house in calamba, laguna.
Among his major works are Geronimo delos reyes building Magsaysay building, rizal
theater, capitol theater, captain pepe building, manila jockey club, rufino building,
Philippines village hotel, iglesia ni cristo church in san juan, san Miguel pro-cathedral,
quezon institute hospital social security system building in quezon city.

30
Ildefonso P. Santos, Jr. ( September 5, 1929- January 29, 2014 )

National artist of the Philippines for architecture in 2006, santos is known as the father of
landscape architecture, a designer of majestic parks and urban space, he designed yhe
Loyola memorial park in Marikina city and the paco park and rizal park in manila, as well as
the tagaytay highland in cavite and crystal spring ( a mountain sa ) in los banos laguna.

Jose Maria V. Zaragoza ( December 6, 1912-1992 )

National artist of the Philippines for architecture in 2014. Zaragosa is known for his modern
ecclesiastical architecture. His place in Philippines architecture history is defined by a
significant body of modern edifies that address spiritual and secular requirements. ( NCCA )
.

GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN ( GAMABA )

Aside from the national artist of the Philippines, gawad sa manlilikha ng bayan awards
outstanding artist in the different fields of art, as follows :
a. Folk architecture
b. Maritime transport
c. Weaving
d. Carving
e. Performing arts
f. Literature
g. Graphic and plastic arts
h. Ornament
i. Textile or fiber art
j. Pottery
Since the implementation of the gawad, the following have been awarded in the following
categories.

WEAVING:
SALINTA MONON ,a 1998 GAMABA awardee in weaving is a weaver from bansalan,
davao del sur who made a name in the field of abaca weaving called ikat or inabal.

DARHATA SAWABI, a 2004 GAMBA awardee in weaving is a weaver from parang suluwho
popularized the pis syabit type of waeving.

HAJA ARNINA APPI, a 2004 GAMABA awardee in weaving, is a weaver from tandubas,
tawi-tawi who became famous for waeving mats.

31
MAGDALENA GARNAYO, a 2012 GAMABA awardee in weaving, is a master weaver from
pinili, ilocos norte popular for inabel waeving.

LITETURE

GINAW BILOG, a GAMABA awardee in literature, is artist and poet from mansalay, oriental
Mindoro who was skillful in the art of ambahan writing.

MASINO INTARAY, a 1993 GAMABA awardee in literature, is a musician and epic chanter
who became famous for his poertry-kulilal and bagit and his music with the use of basal and
gong.

FEDERICO CABALLERO, a 2000 GAMABA awardee in poetry, is poet and epic chanter
from sulod-bukidnon, Iloilo.

GRAPHIC AND PLASTIC ARTS

EDUARDO MUTUC, a 2004 GAMABA awardee in graphic and plastic arts, is a metalsmith
and metal sculptor from apalit, pangpanga known for his bronze and silver metal work.

TEOFILO GARCIA, a 2012 GAMABA awardee in graphic and plastic arts, is a casque
maker from san Quintin, abra who made a mark for tabungaw casque-making.
TEXTILE OF FIBER ART
LANG DULAY, a 1998 GAMABA awardee in textile or fiber art, is a textile weaver lake
sebu, south cotabato.

MUSIC
SAMAON SULAIMAN, a 1993 GAMABA GAMABA awardee in music is a musician from
mama sa pano, maguindanao who produced music with the use of kutyapi.

ALONZO SACLAG a 2000 GAMABA awardee in music and dance, is a musician and
dancer from lubungan, kalinga province.

UWANG AHADAS, a 2000 GAMABA awardee in musc, is a musician from lamitan, basilan
who produced yakan music with a variety of musical instruments, specifically kulintang,
kwitangan kayu, gabbang, agung, and tuntungan.

Since the GAMABA awards have been given, no individual or group has been conferred the
same award in folk architecture, maritime transport ornament, and pottery,

Activity # 6. ESSAY

32
Essay RATING GUIDE
(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take time
to read and understand the content of the rating guide.)
NEEDS
CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY
IMPROVEMENT
CONTEXT / IDEAS The ideas are full, There are ideas but There is no idea and
Include verifiable detailed and well not detailed and collaboration at all.
ideas and elaborated. slightly elaborated.
elaboration of
answers. (10 Points) (8 Points) (6 Points)
ORGANIZATION The ideas are well The ideas are The ideas have not
Include organized and slightly organized organized and
chronological presented. and have good presented.
presentation of presentation.
ideas. (5 Points) (4 points) (2 Points)
There are no There are slight There are lots of
GRAMMAR AND
grammar errors, an grammar errors, has grammar errors and
PUNCTUATION
excellent choice of good choice of poor choice of
Include correctness
words and words and some words. Punctuation
of grammar, choice
punctuation marks misuse of marks are
of words and use
are appropriately punctuation marks. inappropriately used.
of appropriate
used.
punctuation marks.
(5 Points) (3 points) (2 Points)
TOTAL SCORE

What is the Difference between:?

1. Weaving and curving?

2. Graphic and plastic arts?
3. Textile and fiber art
4. Literature and pottery

WEEK 7 – 8 Media or materials used in contemporary arts

33
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Determine media or materials use in contemporary arts

2. Appreciate the importance of media or materials used in contemporary arts
3. Determine used as materials in sculpture
4. Appreciate the importance of subject used as materials in sculpture

Media or Materials Used in Contemporary Arts.

Music- he media of music are classified into vocal ( voices ) and instrumental ( musical
instruments ). Vocal media, as the term suggest, pertain to male and female voices. Male
voices have three register: bass ( lowest ), baritone ( middle ) , and tenor ( highest ),.
Female voices also have three register: alto ( lowest ), mezzo soprano ( middle ), and
soprano ( highest ), the highest of the female vocal register is the coloratura soprano
whereas the lowest of the male vocal register is the basso profundo. On the other hand,
instruments media pertain to the different instruments played by musicians. Most of these
instruments form part of the orchestra. Base on how their sound are produced they are
classified into string or stringed, wind, percussion, and keyboard instruments.

Dance- the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given
space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking
delight in the movement itself. Dance is more than the exploring of different ways to make a
shape or learning aseries of steps to music; it is a way of moving that uses the body as an
instrument of expression and communication. Through dance, students learn teamwork,
focus, and improvisational skills.
5 Lasting Values of Dance Classes
 Dancing Ability. It's universal and truly portable. ...
 Social Interaction. Dance lessons have a way of developing and improving social
relationships. ...
 Having A Healthy Hobby. Having healthy hobbies are important to living a well-
balanced life. ...
 Lasting Friendships Formed. ...
 Educational Value.

Literature- the medium of literature is language. A poet, fictionist, novelist, dramatist,

or essayist, make use of words to compose a poem, short story, novel, drama, or
essay, respectively. most generically, is any body or collection of written work. More
restrictively, literature refers to writing considered to be an art form or any single writing
deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, and sometimes deploys language in ways that
differ from ordinary usage.Literature is important in everyday life because it connects
individuals with larger truths and ideas in a society. Literature creates a way for people to

34
 record their thoughts and experiences in a way that is accessible to others, through
fictionalized accounts of the experience.

Painting- the choice of the medium is a crucial aspect in art production. Mediums differ not
only in their inherent qualities but also in the effects they produce.Painting is the practice of
applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or
"support"). ... In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the
action.People who frequently use creative outlets such as writing, painting, and drawing
have less chance of developing memory loss illnesses as they age. Painting also allows
individuals a chance to express their feelings and emotions without words.
Types of Painting Techniques
 Oil painting.
 Watercolor painting.
 Pastel painting.
 Acrylic painting.
 Digital painting.
 Ink wash Painting or Literati painting - Chinese black ink.
 Hot wax painting or Encaustic painting.
 Spray Painting.

Sculpture- there are more materials available for sculptors than for painters. Anything that
can be used to form a three-dimensional figure is a likely medium for sculpture. Wood,
stone, paper, cloth, glass, cements, and plastic are some of the common mediums used by
sculptors.

Subject used as materials in sculpture:

People- important personages such as heroes and saints are the most common subject of
sculpture. Example are st, Lorenzo ruiz, st. pedro calungsod, st. Nicolas or santa claus, and
lapu-lapu, a datu in star city and a Filipino mother.

Animal and plants- animals and plants are among the sculptors favorite subject. The
Philippines eagle, the tamaraw, and the parrot are examples ofanimal sculpture.

Places- sculptures of places are rare; an example of these is the Philippines map in rizal
park. The defunct nayong Pilipino used to house the replicas of the Philippines tourist spots,
namely : the mayon volcano in albay, the chocoloates hills in bohol, and the rice terraces in
banaue.

Events- historical, biblical, and other events are also subject of sculptural works. The “ cry
of pufad walin” is found in Caloocan city: the dioramas of major events in Philippines history
are found in ayala museum in Makati city: the dioramas of major events in Philippines

35
history are found in ayala museum in Makati city: and the sculptures of geological events
are located in the national museum at the rizal park.

Religious items- besides the images of martys and saint, sculptures of a religious nature
abound. The ifugao bulol, the christ’s relief, michelanfelo’s “ pieta “

Activity # 7
Essay RATING GUIDE
(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take time
to read and understand the content of the rating guide.)
NEEDS
CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY
IMPROVEMENT
CONTEXT / IDEAS The ideas are full, There are ideas but There is no idea and
Include verifiable detailed and well not detailed and collaboration at all.
ideas and elaborated. slightly elaborated.
elaboration of
answers. (10 Points) (8 Points) (6 Points)
ORGANIZATION The ideas are well The ideas are The ideas have not
Include organized and slightly organized organized and
chronological presented. and have good presented.
presentation of presentation.
ideas. (5 Points) (4 points) (2 Points)
There are no There are slight There are lots of
GRAMMAR AND
grammar errors, an grammar errors, has grammar errors and
PUNCTUATION
excellent choice of good choice of poor choice of
Include correctness
words and words and some words. Punctuation
of grammar, choice
punctuation marks misuse of marks are
of words and use
are appropriately punctuation marks. inappropriately used.
of appropriate
used.
punctuation marks.
(5 Points) (3 points) (2 Points)
TOTAL SCORE

What is the Difference between:?

1. Music and dance
2. Drama and literature
3. Painting and sculpture
4. People and animals plants
5. Places and religious items

Traditional techniques applied to contemporary art

MUSIC
contemporary music is, simply put, “music performed and created with what is
rhythmically, harmonically, and texturally current.” For Mendoza, a professor at
Berklee's campus in Valencia, Spain, this means that his job is to teach students to
employ current musical vocabularies Its genres would include (but would not be limited
to) blues, country, electronic/dance, experimental, folk, funk, hiphop, jazz, metal, pop,

36
rock, roots, and world. – As defined by the Federal Government's
Strategic Contemporary Music Industry Plan, 2010. contemporary music in
the Philippines usually refers to compositions that have adopted ideas and elements
from twentieth century art music in the West, as well as the latest trends
and musical styles in the entertainment industry.

DANCE
Dance are classified in many ways. According to the number of performers, they are
performed alone, by a pair, or by a group. Based on subject or content, there are war
dance, courtship dance, harvest dance, ritual dance, etc. dance is a style of
expressive dance that combines elements of several dance genres including
modern, jazz, lyrical and classical ballet. Contemporary dancers strive to connect the
mind and the body through fluid dance movements

DRAMA
theatrical show that revolves around a central current problem or issue within society.
They are relevant to the era that they are composed within and attempt to relate to the
audience.There are four main forms of drama. They are comedy, tragedy, tragicomedy
and melodrama. All these types have the common characteristics of drama genre; they
are, plot, characters, conflict, music and dialogue.

LITERATURE
Contemporary literature is defined as literature written after World War II through the
current day. ... Works of contemporary literature reflect a society's social and/or
political viewpoints, shown through realistic characters, connections to current events
and socioeconomic messages

PAINTING
A painting is an image (artwork) created using pigments (color) on a surface (ground)
such as paper or canvas. The pigment may be in a wet form, such as paint, or a dry
form, such as pastels. Painting can also be a verb, the action of creating such an
artwork. • The Elements of a Painting. Painting is the practice of applying paint,
pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface. The medium is commonly
applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges,
and airbrushes, can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and
the result of the action
Methods of presenting the subject

Every artist has his individual style of doing his work. This style is almost always
governed by his choice of the method of presenting his subject.

37
 Sculpture

Sculpture, an artistic form in which hard or plastic materials are worked into three-
dimensional art objects. The designs may be embodied in freestanding objects, in
reliefs on surfaces, or in environments ranging from tableaux to contexts that envelop
the spectator. Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three
dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used
carving and modelling, in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since
Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and
process.sculpture is the art of making forms and figures in clay or other materials or a
product of such an art. An example of a sculpture is a clay statue of a famous figure.

Architecture

Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and other physical structures.
A wider definition often includes the design of the total built environment from the macro
level of town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the micro level of
construction details and, sometimes, furniture. Architecture is both the process and the
product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures.
Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural
symbols and as works of art

Activity # 8

Attach an example of pictures of sculpture, architecture, and painting. An explain each

picture.

WEEK 9– 10 Modern art and integrative art

38
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Distinguish contemporary art, modern art and integrative art

2. Appreciate the importance value of contemporary art and integrative art
3. Discuss the subject of art
4. Appreciate the importance value of subject of art.

Contemporary art is the art that springs out of the present-day events and passions of the
society. It is newest form of art, amusing people from the middle to the late 20 th century up
to this very minute.
Contemporary art is produced by the 21 st century artist living in the postmodern age. It
function in a global society that is culturally diverse and technology-oriented. For one thing,
it provides instances for people to reflect and respond to contemporary social concerns and
issues pertinent to themselves and to the world. For another thing, it is a combination of
mixed styles, materials, techniques, and concepts that challenges tradition. It has gone into
the mainstream and into the communities. It has become a collaborative process and
audience plays an active role un reacting and constructing meaning about the work of art.

Modern art from of its former periods is similar to the movements of contemporary art. In
fact the two periods are similar in so many ways what people oftentimes have mistakenly
interchanged them, this is understandable, after all, the definition of the words’
‘contemporary’’ and modern is even the same. In this regard what makes modern art and
contemporary art different from each other. Both modern art and contemporary art use
modern issues as subject for their art works, whether it is a still life, an ordinary daily
activity, or a far more serious social issue like human trafficking or war. Personal thoughts
are also common subject. However, many believe that contemporary art is more socially
conscious that modern art because more social issue have been realized in the recent
decades. Examples of the most popular contemporary subject are feminism, globalization,
migration, and environmental concerns.

Feminism- . the belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes. Although
largely originating in the West, feminism is manifested worldwide and is represented by

various institutions committed to activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests.

Figure 1

39
Globalization-is the connection of different parts of the world resulting in the expansion of
international cultural, economic, and political activities. It is the movement and integration of
goods and people among different countries.
Figure 1

Migration the act, process, or an instance of migrating. is the movement of either people or
animals from one area to another. ... With animals, it's almost always in reference to a
seasonal change in location.
Figure 1

40
Environmental concerns
Plant activities that impact the air, water, and soil quality as driven by local, state, and
federal laws (e.g., EPA) and corporate conscience. Actions required to minimize, or prevent
and monitor, adverse effects on the environment in order to comply with the laws
Figure 1.

An example of contempory art is delotavos’s painting shown below. What do you think is
the social addressed in this painting.

Diaspora by : antipas delotavo 2007.

Figure 1: diaspora

Integrative art- this crossbreeding in the contemporary scene has resulted in a hybrid art
called integrative art. These art form are interactive and multi-disciplinary in nature, that is
consisting of ideas and practices from different branches of learning- the outcomes, being
the unity of separate areas of learning.practice refers to inter-disciplinary art, art research,
development, production, presentation, or artistic creation of work that fully uses two or
more art disciplines to create a work for a specific audience.
Figure 1

41
Another example is a unique presentation of three great Filipino artist coming from three
distinct disciplines, dance, music, and song. Performing under one roof at the cultural
center of the Philippines CCP in manila. They are lisa macuja elizalde, prima ballerina,
cecil licad, international classical pianist, and lea salonga, international singer and musical
actress.

The subject of art

Generally speaking, a subject or topic is any person, animal, thing, or issue that is
described or represented in a work, it usually generates the question, what is ? because
people expect to see or hear subject that they can recognize or are familiar to them.

Realism- the first style is realism in which the subject is done the way it actually looks. An
example of this is the painting of Araceli dans below. In its specific sense realism refers to
a mid nineteenth century artistic movement characterised by subjects painted from
everyday life in a naturalistic manner; however the term is also generally used to describe
artworks painted in a realistic almost photographic way.
Figure 1: bridal white by Araceli dans

Distortion- wherein the artist uses his or her imagination and alters the subject according to
his or her desire. A stylized work is a form of distortion like noma belleza’s painting.Any
change of visual perception made by an artist, it alters what is normally regarded as

42
realistic. Often affected are size, position, or general character. Distortion is a term also
used for any degree of personal or subjective interpretation of natural forms

Figure 1: fiesta by norma belleza 2012.

Abstraction- the third is abstraction wherein the artist breaks apart a subject and arranges in
a different manner.is art that does not attempt to represent an accurate depiction of a visual
reality but instead use shapes, colours, forms and gestural marks to achieve its effect.
Wassily Kandinsky. Cossacks 1910–1. Tate. Strictly speaking, the word abstract means to
separate or withdraw something from something else.

Figure 1:

Non- objectivism- wherein there is totally no subject at all- just an interplay of pure elements
like line, shape, or color, and so on.art defines a type of abstract art that is usually, but not
always, geometric and aims to convey a sense of simplicity and purity.
Figure 1:

43
Activity #9
Essay RATING GUIDE
(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take time
to read and understand the content of the rating guide.)
NEEDS
CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY
IMPROVEMENT
CONTEXT / IDEAS The ideas are full, There are ideas but There is no idea and
Include verifiable detailed and well not detailed and collaboration at all.
ideas and elaborated. slightly elaborated.
elaboration of
answers. (10 Points) (8 Points) (6 Points)
ORGANIZATION The ideas are well The ideas are The ideas have not
Include organized and slightly organized organized and
chronological presented. and have good presented.
presentation of presentation.
ideas. (5 Points) (4 points) (2 Points)
There are no There are slight There are lots of
GRAMMAR AND
grammar errors, an grammar errors, has grammar errors and
PUNCTUATION
excellent choice of good choice of poor choice of
Include correctness
words and words and some words. Punctuation
of grammar, choice
punctuation marks misuse of marks are
of words and use
are appropriately punctuation marks. inappropriately used.
of appropriate
used.
punctuation marks.
(5 Points) (3 points) (2 Points)
TOTAL SCORE

What is different between:

 Contemporary art to modern art
 Realism to distortion
 Abstraction to non-objectivism
 Base in your opinion
 Rubric for essay:

44
The following are the elements of art

Space – space in visual arts can be defined as a void, an emptiness which can either be
positive or negative. The positive space refers to a space enclosed in a shape, while the
negative space denotes the opposite.

Figure 1:

Line – is the extension of a point , a short or long mark drawn or curved on a surface. Its an
implied path suggesting;
a. Direction : vertical, horizontal, diagonal
b. Character: jagged, curved, series, of dots or broken lines.
It is easy to pinpoint line in painting, drawing, and other artworks of the
similar type. But, in other of art, such as performing arts and literacy arts. A line is described
differently. In theater, a line may refer to the script of the actor. In dance , it is series of
steps that a dancer makes.
Figure 1:

Shape and form – when the ends of a line meet, they form a shape. Shape can also be
described as a figure separate from its surrounding area or background. It can either be
geometric ( angular ) or organic ( curvy ).
Figure 1:

45
Form – is slightly similar to shape . it is an enclosed line, a figure separate from its
background,. But, remember that shape is two- dimensional, while form is three-
dimensional. For instance, the square is an example of shape: the cube is a form : the circle
is shape: the sphere is a form.
Figure 1: form

Color – probably the most striking art elements that catches the eye is color. It is a
sensation created by visible wavelengths of light caught in a prism. It is a mixture of organic
or synthetic called pigments, used as paint or dye. Color creates a mood of tune, such as
red for passion, anger, or love. Blue for peace, nobility, or sadness. And yellow for gaiety,
innocent, or jealousy. Color also varies from dull to bright, depending on its intensity, like in
music where intensity can also refer to the loudness of softness of a sound.
Figure 1: color

46
Value – in visual arts, value is the degree of lightness and darkness of a color.
Figure 1:

Texture - is the surface of an artworks. A texture can be actual or tactile, meaning it can be
really be felt by touch, or it can be simulated or illusory, which means it can only be seen,
not felt.
Figure 1:

47
Principles of design
Principles of design are also called the organization of the elements. They help people
make sense of the environment, at the same time, make it aesthetically pleasing and
interesting.

Here are some principles of design found in the arts:

Harmony – this refers to the wholeness of the design, the pleasing arrangement of parts,
and the agreement between parts of a composition, resulting in a united whole. It is easy to
spot unity in visual arts. If each of the elements in visual work of art plays a vital role in the
artwork, then harmony is present.

Variety – variety pertains to the assortment or diversity of a work of art. We can see variety
in all of our surroundings. Take flowers as example. Flowers come in different colors, shape
and scent because every flowers varies from one another.

Rhythm – slightly contrary to variety is the rhythm or beat. It is the regular , repeated pattern
in the elements of art. It is a flow, or feeling of movement, achieved by the distributions of
visual units or sound units in time. The beat can be regular or irregular, simple or complex.
Rhythm, or beat, is natural in the universe, it exist in the human heartbeat, in the cycle of
night and day, in the waxing and the waning of the moon, and so on.

Proportion – elements in a work of art should have a relationship with one another. This
relationship is called proportion. A well- proportioned shape is pleasing to the eye.in a stage
setting, the backdrop and the props must be appropriated to the performers without
outstanding them so that they do not steal the audience attention.

Balance- pertains to the even distribution of weight. It is the principle that deals with
equality. In art, there are two types of balance. Formal balance and informal balance.

Formal balance- or symmetrical balance, refers to two sides that are identical to each other.
An example is a cross-sectional images of a butterfly. The spread wings of the butterfly
show balance in the image. Another example is the radial design, similar to what you have
done in related activity

Informal balance- or asymmetrical balance, refers to two sides not identical to each other
yet equal in visual weight, ikebana, the Japanese art of flower arrangement, is a good
example of a design that uses asymmetrical balance.

Movements - this is a fundamental principle in choreography and the theater arts.

Movements is a way to convey feelings and emotions. It is the means by which dancers

48
make use of their bodies to express an inner condition. Actors express their lines through
facial expressions, gesture, and body language as they move onstage. It is also a basic
principle of nature. There is the movement of time, of the tide, of the planets around the
sun, and so on.

Emphasis and subordination- emphasis is the principle that gives importance or dominate to
a unit or an area, this is opposite to subordination, which gives less importance to a unit or
are. There are many ways to represent these principles. In a classroom setting, the teacher
often sands and faces the class while students sit at desks neatly seated in rows and
columns. In the performing arts, actors and dancers are often placed at the front center
stage while the supporting cast stay on the sides or in the background. In visual design, an
element may stand out by itself or attract attention because of its size, position, or usage of
elements.

Activity # 10

What to do:
Draw a guitar on a sheet of paper:
1. Using the principles of design that we have discussed an read, analyzed the guitar.
How is the guitar displayed in terms of-?
1. Harmony?
2. Variety?
3. Rhythm?
4. Proportion?
5. Balance?
6. Movements?
7. Emphasis and subordination?

Rubric of criteria:
Harmony 10%
Variety 10%
Rhythm 10%
Proportion 10%
Balance 10%
Movements 10%
Emphasis and subordination? 10%
Total: 70%

WEEK 11– 12 Traditional arts and Contemporary arts

49
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Distinguish the traditional arts and contemporary arts

2. Appreciate the importance value of traditional arts and contemporary art
3. Explain contemporary arts in the Philippines
4. Appreciate the importance value of contemporary arts in the Philippines
Traditional arts and contemporary arts

The Philippines is home many traditional arts. These are the arts that started in the pre-
colonial times and have handed down from generation to generation. Traditional art is
essential in a nation, for builds posterity in the culture of its natives. There are various kinds
of traditional art in the country. Most are learned informally and are usually produced in
indigenous or closely-knitted communities, reflecting their history and culture. These arts
are passed down from master craftsmen to their apprentices.

The usual theme of arts in animism, its intension is to depict something of the people gods
and goddesses, thus resulting in the creation of abstract symbol of animistic figures like the
sun, the moon and other human figures. The carved figure of bulul of ifugaos is one
example of this art.
Other example of traditional art are the woven basketry of the mangyans, the t’nalak
tapestry woven by the t’bolis in south cotabato, the pissiyabit ( head cloth ) of Mindanao,
and the embroidered jusi and pina cloth of lumban , laguna.

Figure 1: bulul of ifugaos figure 2: woven basketry figure 3: pissayabit ( head cloth
)

Philippine traditional arts also boast of rich and dances in the regions. Like any traditional
art, these songs and dancers are handed over by master craftsmen to their younger
generation. The sounds, words, and choreography have remained the same throughout the
years because of these craftsmen. They are nameless people who have passed their skills
without the thought of being recognized, but only of preserving their culture in the constantly
changing society.

50
In literature and the performing arts, the traditional style is evident in their adherence to
classical structures and standards. With this reality, these classics have gained enduring
worth and are considered timeless. An example of a classic literary work is Jose Rizal’s
( noli me tangere )
Traditional art is different from contemporary art, for the latter, revolves around the artist
and his/her feelings thoughts, and messages to his/her audience. It uses a diverse array of
materials, media, techniques, and styles.
Take sculpture as example: traditional sculpture usually focuses on realistic figure, while
contemporary sculpture centers on the feelings and thoughts of the artist.

The Philippine contemporary art is not bounded by any rule or standard. It is conceptual,
innovative, expressive, and experimental compared with traditional art. In the contemporary
works of art, the viewer is also allowed to participate in the experience and is urged to
validate his/her own beliefs and value.
Monument and statues, since the ancient times, have long been created to commemorate
heroism or other deeds of greatness. But what doffers contemporary monuments and
statues from the traditional ones is the reimagining of the character or event, in order to
evoke more intense emotions from its spectator. Image of the people power monument
near camp Aguinaldo, quezon city. It is a good example of a contemporary work that allows
the viewer to recall a historical events from the past.
Figure 1:People power monument by Eduardo castrillo, 1993

Contemporary art in the Philippines

The Philippines is a gold mine of art.
Aside from our own indigenous arts, the Philippines has a variety of many other arts forms.
Because of the four colonial periods in history, the Spanish, British, American, and
Japanese, the art of the Philippines had been influenced by almost all spheres of the globe.
It had a taste of the renaissance, baroque, and modern periods through the colonizers who
arrived in the country.

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Figure 1 ;Abstract painting of jose joya, national artist for visual arts kulay-diwa

Pastiche
The most common features is pastiche, which refers to the blurring of divisions between
fine art and commercial art, high culture and low culture, and highbrow and lowbrow. It also
means artistic, musical, and literacy works that come from diverse sources a mixture, a
medley of different ideas. There is a sense of fragmentation for instance a narrative does
not have to be complete it can be open-ended.

Pastiche of Leonardo da vince’s Vitruvian man

Figure 1:

Bricolage
Another feature of postmodernism is bricolage, or assemblage, popularly used in visual
arts. It refers to a creation or construction that uses a diverse range of materials from mass-
produced to recovered object. A simplification of collage, bricolage can also pertain to the
use of words as the central artistic elements
Figure 1: box construction by rocky cajigan

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Appropriation
Or borrowing, is another feature. Postmodernism finds inspiration in artworks from the
previous periods. In music, there is a term, appropriation performance. This refers to the
use of the style and content of another culture for a performance, for example, the music of
bach being played by a Filipino rock bond

Installation
It is art made indoors or outdoors where a particular space is transformed into a three-
dimensional artwork, it is made of diverse materials, using a realistic or abstract style. It is a
conceptual art that present diverse themes, but it is usually temporary

Figure 1: shoal by jose tence ruiz

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Activity # 11
Research on the traditional art and contemporary arts in your region. Provide at least three
example for each.

In your research, take note of the following guidelines:

Rubric of criteria
Description 25%
Historical background 50&
Artist 25%
Total point 100%

The national commission for culture and the arts ( NCCA )

NCCA is responsible for preserving, promoting, and developing culture and arts in the
Philippines, it was formed under republic act no. 7356 in 1992. Serving as the main
organizational body for art development, NCCA is the overall policy-making body and
coordinator among cultural agencies including the CCP.

NCCA has 4 sub commissions: sub commission on the arts ( SCA ) which facilitates the
committees on architecture and the allied arts, cinema, dance, dramatic arts, literary arts,
music, and visual arts. sub commission on cultural heritage ( SCH ) which includes
committees on archives, art galleries, historical research. Libraries and information
services, monuments and sites museums. sub commissions on cultural dissemination
( SCD ) which handles committees on communication cultural education and language and
translation: sub commission on cultural communities and traditional arts ( SCCTA ) which
takes care of the committees on northern cultural communities, central cultural
communities, and southern cultural communities.
In celebration of the NAM, ( national arts month ) NCCA organization has come up with the
annual Philippine arts festival. This festival consist of a number of activities to highlight the
artistic talent and brilliant of the Filipinos. The result is enjoyment of the Filipino people.

Cinema rehiyon ( national committee on cinema )

This activity focuses on the film production from regions where independent filmmakers
showcase their latest films.
Figure 1;

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Sayaw pinoy ( national committee on dance )
It is a tour dance concert showcasing different types of dances such as ballet,
hiphop,contemporary, and folkdance.

figure 1: ballet figure 2: hip-hop figure 3: folkdance

Literacy arts festival ( national committee on literary arts )

For this event, writers, publishers, teachers, and students gather for literacy talks
and lectures. There are also book fairs and exhibits.

Tunug – tunugan ( national committee on music )

This is a week-long musical ensemble that uses musical instruments made from
traditional instruments like gong, bamboo, or recycle materials to promote Philippine
culture and ingenuity.

Tanghal ( national committee on dramic arts )

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This is a festival the works of community- and university-based theater groups

Philippine visual arts festival ( national committee on visual arts festival )

To celebrate the visual arts of the regions, national committee on visual arts holds
conferences, workshop, exhibits, tours and painting sessions and competitions.

In connection with the NAM celebration, NCCA also spearheaded a conference of

several Asian countries in bohol. It was called likha asya ,which aimed to be the first
Asian festival, conference, and fair on community theater, creative industries, and
community-based tourism for sustainable live hoods. The conference was joined by
Cambodia, indonisia, japan, Thailand, and the Philippines.

INTEGRATED ART APPLIED TO THE PHILIPPINES CONTEMPORARY ART

The arts are classified in distinct forms: architecture, visual arts, music, literary arts,
dance, dramatic aets cinema and broadcast arts and new media. However the arts
in the regions have evolved and have taken a new form. They are no longer what
they were several years ago.

Contemporary arts forms in the regions now include the following : choreography,
musical instruments, literary and music composition, visual design, theatrical
performance, and cinema . try to analyze these integrated contemporary art forms in
the regions.

CHOREOGRAPHY

Choreography is an arrangement or design for dance movements usually

accompanied by music. It is the art of dancing that is composed of a series of
dance steps and movements to create a story. It has become an integrated art, for it
incorporates both dance and music.

In the regions, there is a minimal number of contemporary dance because the

traditional dance are still widely practiced. However, the choreography of these
traditional dances have varied through generations. Modifications are done to adapt
to contemporary times. Contemporary choreography are mostly seen in the
production of street dancing for regional festival.

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

A musical instrument is any tool or device that produce sound. It consists of an

array of shape and styles from the simple to complex. One interacts with a musical
instrument in a way that it produced a sound. Like a guitarist plucking the strings of
his guitar or a drummer beating his gong. Example of traditional musical instruments
in the Philippines are the kulintang, gangsa, and kutyapi.

One notable Filipino, national artist for music lucresia kasilag, infused the sound of
native instruments on new forms, such as theater and pictures. Some of her
remarkable works are orientalia suite for piano and chamber and Philippine
percussion instruments, and improvisation no. 3 and 4 for moslem gamelan and
tipangklong.

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LITERARY AND MUSICAL COMPOSITIONS

Literary works are written works meant to be read, sung or delivered in a play. They
can be written in prose or in poetry form. Musical compositions, on the other hand,
are not written but notated (represented by musical symbols). Since they use
symbols particular to their field, they must be learned.

These two types of compositions are some easiest art forms to integrate with
another form. Literary pieces, such as novels, short stories, and epics are the most
common bases of other forms like theater and cinema. A theater without a
playwright is nothing so is a cinema without a scriptwriter.

In the contemporary times, the most common examples are the movie adaptations
of some well-known literary pieces such as ( bata, bata, pa’no ka ginawa ) and
dekada 70 novels by lualhati bautista that were turned into films by chito rono : and
mars ravelos comics “ darna “ captain barbell and dyesebel ehich were adapted into
numerous movies and tv programs through time.

VISUAL DESIGN

Visual design is a composition or lay out of lines, shapes, and color to form patters
on paper, textile, or any piece for that matter, it can be found in either two-
dimensional works like painting and drawing, or three-dimensional works like
installations and sculpture.

THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE

The staging and execution of a production, like drama, opera, festivals, and the like
fall under the form called theatrical performance. It pertains to a public presentation
of a dramatic or musical entertainment. It involves a lot of teamwork that includes
the producer the director, the cast and crew of workers. Technology, whether
traditional digital, multi-media, innovative, or alternative, is a vital part of any
performance.

Contemporary theatrical performance is experimental, innovative, controversial, and

interdisciplinary, going beyond theater and other art forms like puppetry, cinema and
sculpture. It also goes out to the other disciplines like psychology, and the social
and political sciences. One specific example of a contemporary theatrical
performance is PETA’S rak of aegis, musical tribute to the Filipino 90’s band, aegis.
It used the integration of music theater. And dance to create a hybrid of art.

CINEMA

The cinema is the most popular of the art forms : yet, it is the youngest of all. It
appeared only in the early 1900s in manila and later spread in the regions. It has
gained public acceptance since then. The characteristics of the cinema is similar to
the theater, except that it is not a live performance and actions is seen on a flat
screen. However in the advent of technology, even the theater- known to productive
live performance has been brought to the cinema. One recent example is the 2012
comedy- musical, I DO BIDOO BIDOO, HETO NAPO SILA, a movie tribute to the
prized trio of the 80s, the apo hiking socity.

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Activity # 12

Based on the topic, provide answers to the following

Enumerate examples of the following art forms found in your region

1. Choreography
2. Literary and musical compositions
3. Visual design
4. Theatrical performance
5. Cinema

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RERENCES

Jesus Z. Menoy, Ph.D. Contemporary Philippines Arts From The Region

http://www.foxcroftarts.org/functions-in-art--design.html

http://www.nabdb.design.iastate.edu/about/thinkingskills/
human_context/social_function.html

http://thegirlsproductions.com/important-art-design-economy/

http://mvhsibart.weebly.com/functions-of-art.html.

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/start-here-
apah/intro-art-history-apah/a/introduction-to-art-historical-analysis

https://www.slideshare.net/ajolley/functions-of-art-39123554

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_art

http://luckymanpress.com/teach/pages/ArtApp_1011/
Physical_Functions.php

https://academic.oup.com/bjaesthetics/article/46/3/315/25847

https://www.jstor.org/stable/40562794?seq=1

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/historical-context/

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insight

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Reflection

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