-EASURE

WHAT IS MEASURABLE
AND MAKE MEASURABLE
THAT WHICH IS NOT
'ALILEO 'ALILEI  

Software Manual
Instruction Manual

RheoCompass™ Software
 Instruction Manual

RheoCompass™ Software
Software Manual
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, Anton Paar GmbH assumes
no responsibility for technical or printing errors or omissions.

Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained in this
instruction manual.

Anton Paar GmbH does not make a commitment to update the information in this manual. Specifications
are subject to change without notice.

All rights reserved (including translation). No part of this document may be translated, reproduced or
distributed in any form (print, photocopy, microfilm or any other process) without the prior written
permission of Anton Paar GmbH.

Trademarks may be used in this instruction manual without being marked as such. These are the
property of their respective owners and are legally protected.

Published by Anton Paar GmbH. Printed in Austria.

Copyright © 2018 Anton Paar GmbH, Graz, Austria.

Contact: Anton Paar Germany GmbH

Hellmuth-Hirth-Str. 6
D-73760 Ostfildern / Germany
Tel: +49 711 720 91-0
Fax: +49 711 720 91-630

E-mail: info.de@anton-paar.com
Web: www.anton-paar.com

Date: June 2018

Document number: C01IB003EN-F

Contents

1 RheoCompass™ – Overview ........................................................................................................ 11

1.1 Description..............................................................................................................................11
1.2 Installation Requirements ...................................................................................................... 12
2 Options ........................................................................................................................................... 14
2.1 Popular Options ..................................................................................................................... 14
2.1.1 User-Specific Options............................................................................................. 14
2.1.2 Default Unit and Default Marker Options................................................................ 14
2.1.3 LAOS Calculation Options...................................................................................... 14
2.1.4 Save Documents .................................................................................................... 15
2.1.5 Database Options................................................................................................... 15
2.1.6 ASCII Import and Export Options ........................................................................... 15
2.2 Security Options .................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 Logging Options ..................................................................................................... 16
2.2.2 Backup Options ...................................................................................................... 17
2.2.3 Restore Options ..................................................................................................... 18
2.2.4 Archive Options ...................................................................................................... 18
3 Setup ............................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1 Measuring Set........................................................................................................................ 19
3.1.1 Use the Ribbon Measuring Set To:......................................................................... 19
3.1.2 Configurations ........................................................................................................ 22
3.1.2.1 Working with Configurations ................................................................... 22
3.1.2.2 Configurations – Name, Info ................................................................... 22
3.1.2.3 Configurations – Hardware Configuration ............................................... 23
3.1.2.4 USB or RS232 Connection ..................................................................... 23
3.1.2.5 Ethernet (LAN) Connection ..................................................................... 24
3.1.3 Moving Profiles....................................................................................................... 25
3.1.3.1 Creating a New Moving Profile................................................................ 25
3.1.3.2 Moving Profiles – Name, Info .................................................................. 25
3.1.3.3 Application Mode: ................................................................................... 26
3.1.3.4 Lift Drive, Action ...................................................................................... 26
3.1.3.5 Rot Drive, Action ..................................................................................... 27
3.1.3.6 During Measurement............................................................................... 28
3.1.3.7 Detect Position ........................................................................................ 28
3.1.4 Calibration Management ........................................................................................ 29
3.2 Measuring Set Components .................................................................................................. 29
3.2.1 Devices................................................................................................................... 30
3.2.1.1 Creating a New Device ........................................................................... 30
3.2.1.2 Devices – Name, Info.............................................................................. 30
3.2.1.3 Devices – Connection ............................................................................. 30

C01IB003EN-F 5
 3.2.1.4 Devices – Device Network Administration .............................................. 31
3.2.1.5 Devices – Adjustments............................................................................ 32
3.2.1.6 Devices – Corrections ............................................................................. 32
3.2.1.7 Devices – Settings .................................................................................. 33
3.2.2 Accessories ............................................................................................................ 33
3.2.2.1 Creating or Editing an Accessory............................................................ 33
3.2.2.2 Accessories – Name, Info ....................................................................... 34
3.2.2.3 Accessories – Variables, Value Ranges.................................................. 34
3.2.2.4 Accessories – Operational Settings ........................................................ 34
3.2.2.5 Accessories – Corrections ...................................................................... 36
3.2.2.6 Accessories – Status............................................................................... 36
3.2.3 Measuring Systems................................................................................................ 36
3.2.3.1 Creating or Editing a Measuring System................................................. 37
3.2.3.2 Measuring Systems – Name, Info ........................................................... 37
3.2.3.3 Measuring Systems – Components ........................................................ 37
3.2.3.4 Measuring Systems – Dimensions, Factors............................................ 37
3.2.3.5 Measuring Systems – Positioning ........................................................... 38
3.2.3.6 Measuring Systems – Corrections .......................................................... 38
3.2.3.7 Measuring Systems – Limits ................................................................... 39
3.2.3.8 Measuring Systems – Status................................................................... 39
3.3 User Administration ............................................................................................................... 39
3.3.1 Roles ...................................................................................................................... 39
3.3.2 Users ...................................................................................................................... 40
4 RheoFinder ..................................................................................................................................... 41
4.1 Database Import and Export.................................................................................................. 41
4.1.1 Exporting Data Items from the Database ............................................................... 41
4.1.2 Importing Items to the Database ............................................................................ 42
4.2 Project Data ........................................................................................................................... 42
4.2.1 Projects .................................................................................................................. 42
4.2.2 Tests ....................................................................................................................... 43
4.2.3 Videos and Pictures ............................................................................................... 43
4.2.4 Importing Rheoplus Data........................................................................................ 43
4.2.4.1 Prepare ORX Data .................................................................................. 43
4.2.4.2 Importing ORX Workbooks ..................................................................... 44
4.2.4.3 Directly Open the Imported Project ......................................................... 44
4.2.4.4 Assign Imported Tests to the Standard Project Template........................ 45
4.3 Templates .............................................................................................................................. 46
4.3.1 Project Templates................................................................................................... 46
4.3.2 Using the Project Templates................................................................................... 47
4.3.3 Window, Scheme and View Templates .................................................................. 47
4.3.4 Scheme Templates................................................................................................. 48
4.4 Recycle Bin............................................................................................................................ 48

6 C01IB003EN-F
 4.5 Procedures ............................................................................................................................ 48
4.6 Macros ................................................................................................................................... 49
4.6.1 Macro Details (Tab Macro in Editing Mode) ........................................................... 49
4.6.2 Handling ................................................................................................................. 50
4.7 Job Lists................................................................................................................................. 51
4.8 Logbook (Audit Trail) ............................................................................................................. 51
4.9 Filters ..................................................................................................................................... 52
4.9.1 Finding Data in the RheoFinder ............................................................................. 52
4.9.2 Creating a Filter...................................................................................................... 52
4.10 App Manager ......................................................................................................................... 53
5 The Actions .................................................................................................................................... 54
5.1 Action Start ............................................................................................................................ 54
5.2 Action Measurement.............................................................................................................. 56
5.2.1 Set Values .............................................................................................................. 59
5.2.1.1 Additional Settings .................................................................................. 61
5.2.2 Duration and Data Generation ............................................................................... 62
5.2.2.1 Rotational Tests, Standard Setting .......................................................... 62
5.2.2.2 Rotational Tests, Transient Samples, Steady-State Sensing .................. 64
5.2.2.3 Rotational Tests, Elastic Samples ........................................................... 67
5.2.2.4 Oscillatory Tests, Strain-Controlled ......................................................... 69
5.2.3 Event Control.......................................................................................................... 71
5.2.4 Options ................................................................................................................... 71
5.2.5 Harmonics .............................................................................................................. 72
5.2.6 Maximum Number of Intervals ............................................................................... 72
5.2.7 Definition of a Multiwave Test................................................................................. 73
5.2.8 Creating a Value List in RheoCompass.................................................................. 76
5.2.9 Measuring Raw Signals.......................................................................................... 78
5.2.10 Definition of a Signal Spy to Read an Analogue Raw Signal ................................. 80
5.3 Action Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 83
5.4 Action Camera ....................................................................................................................... 84
5.5 Action Device......................................................................................................................... 85
5.6 Action Export ......................................................................................................................... 89
5.7 Action Go To .......................................................................................................................... 92
5.8 Action Information.................................................................................................................. 94
5.9 Action Input............................................................................................................................ 95
5.10 Action Print ............................................................................................................................ 96
5.11 Action Requirements ............................................................................................................. 96
5.12 Action Settings....................................................................................................................... 97
5.13 Action View ............................................................................................................................ 99
5.14 Action Wait............................................................................................................................. 99
6 Test Definition ............................................................................................................................. 101
6.1 Creating and Editing a Test Definition.................................................................................. 101

C01IB003EN-F 7
 6.1.1 Entering Additional Information About the Action
(Tabs "Name, Info" and "Remark") ....................................................................... 102
7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps........................................................................................ 103
7.1 Working with Methods and Macros in Practice.................................................................... 104
7.2 Analysis Methods................................................................................................................. 109
7.2.1 Overview of the Analysis Methods ........................................................................110
7.2.1.1 Three-Interval Thixotropy Test (3ITT).....................................................110
7.2.1.2 Asphalt Fail Temperature .......................................................................112
7.2.1.3 Asphalt Linearity ....................................................................................112
7.2.1.4 Asphalt MSCR .......................................................................................113
7.2.1.5 Asphalt Original Binder ..........................................................................113
7.2.1.6 Asphalt PAV ...........................................................................................114
7.2.1.7 Asphalt RTFO ........................................................................................114
7.2.1.8 Averaging Data Points ...........................................................................115
7.2.1.9 Averaging Test Results ..........................................................................116
7.2.1.10 Basic Operations....................................................................................117
7.2.1.11 Creep .....................................................................................................119
7.2.1.12 Curve Crossover ................................................................................... 127
7.2.1.13 Curve Derivatives.................................................................................. 129
7.2.1.14 Curve Inflection ..................................................................................... 131
7.2.1.15 Curve Maximum .................................................................................... 133
7.2.1.16 Curve Minimum ..................................................................................... 135
7.2.1.17 Curve Slope .......................................................................................... 137
7.2.1.18 Envelope ............................................................................................... 138
7.2.1.19 Equation Editor ..................................................................................... 140
7.2.1.20 Equidistant Distribution ......................................................................... 141
7.2.1.21 ERF Analysis ........................................................................................ 141
7.2.1.22 Hysteresis Area..................................................................................... 142
7.2.1.23 Interfacial Viscosity ............................................................................... 142
7.2.1.24 Interfacial Oscillation ............................................................................. 144
7.2.1.25 Integration ............................................................................................. 146
7.2.1.26 Interpolation .......................................................................................... 146
7.2.1.27 Interpolation (FAQ): Calculation of the Viscosity at
Multiple Shear Rates............................................................................. 148
7.2.1.28 Limitations ............................................................................................. 148
7.2.1.29 LVE Range ............................................................................................ 150
7.2.1.30 Master Curve (TTS) .............................................................................. 152
7.2.1.31 Master Curve (TTS) (FAQ).................................................................... 158
7.2.1.32 Molar Mass Eta(0)................................................................................. 162
7.2.1.33 MMD Bimodal H(lambda)...................................................................... 163
7.2.1.34 MMD Inverse......................................................................................... 169
7.2.1.35 MRF Analysis ........................................................................................ 169

8 C01IB003EN-F
 7.2.1.36 Quality Control ..................................................................................... 170
7.2.1.37 Regression ............................................................................................ 172
7.2.1.38 Rearrange ............................................................................................. 179
7.2.1.39 Result Field ........................................................................................... 180
7.2.1.40 Smoothing ............................................................................................. 180
7.2.1.41 Sorting................................................................................................... 181
7.2.1.42 Spectrum Inverse, Relaxation ............................................................... 182
7.2.1.43 Spectrum, Relaxation ............................................................................ 184
7.2.1.44 Yield Point ............................................................................................. 185
7.2.1.45 Glass Transition Temperature ............................................................... 187
7.3 Analysis Macros and the Macro Designer ........................................................................... 188
7.3.1 Overview of the RheoCompass Analysis Macros ................................................ 190
7.4 Analysis Action .................................................................................................................... 199
8 Windows ....................................................................................................................................... 200
8.1 Diagram Window ................................................................................................................. 200
8.2 Media Explorer Window....................................................................................................... 203
8.3 Report Designer Window..................................................................................................... 205
8.4 Table Window ...................................................................................................................... 210
8.5 View ......................................................................................................................................211
8.6 Automation Definition Window..............................................................................................211
9 Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) Raw Data ............................................................. 213
9.1 Raw Data Recording while Simultaneously Generating a Measuring Point ........................ 213
9.2 Transient (Continuous) Measurement of Raw Data............................................................. 218
10 Quality Management (21 CFR Part 11) ...................................................................................... 222
10.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 222
10.2 Safety Instructions ............................................................................................................... 222
10.3 Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 223
10.4 Description........................................................................................................................... 223
10.5 Installation and Setup .......................................................................................................... 225
10.5.1 Installation ............................................................................................................ 225
10.5.2 User Administration .............................................................................................. 225
10.5.3 Options ................................................................................................................. 227
10.5.3.1 Backup and Restore ............................................................................. 227
10.5.3.2 Archive .................................................................................................. 231
10.5.3.3 Logging (Audit Trail).............................................................................. 233
10.5.3.4 Popular.................................................................................................. 234
10.5.3.5 Login ..................................................................................................... 235
10.5.4 Checklist............................................................................................................... 236
10.6 Electronic Signature............................................................................................................. 237
10.6.1 Locking of Test Definitions.................................................................................... 237
10.6.2 Signing of Tests .................................................................................................... 239
10.6.3 Signing States in the RheoFinder......................................................................... 243

C01IB003EN-F 9
 10.6.4 Checklist............................................................................................................... 244
10.7 Logbook (Audit Trail) ........................................................................................................... 244
10.7.1 Logging of Events................................................................................................. 244
10.7.2 Retrieving Tests, Templates and Audit Trail Entries ............................................. 247
10.7.3 Database Manipulation......................................................................................... 248
10.7.4 Checklist............................................................................................................... 248
10.8 Working With RheoCompass™ Software in Compliance with CFR 21 Part 11 ................... 248
10.8.1 Checklist............................................................................................................... 249
11 Lab Automation Service.............................................................................................................. 251
11.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 251
11.2 Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 252
11.3 Automated Backup .............................................................................................................. 252
11.4 Working with the Automation ............................................................................................... 252
11.4.1 Starting with Command Line ................................................................................ 252
11.4.2 Status ................................................................................................................... 253
11.4.3 Project Name or Identifier in Order File................................................................ 253
11.4.4 Execution of Project and Creation of Result......................................................... 253
11.5 Project Automation .............................................................................................................. 254
11.5.1 Auto-Start and Auto-Close.................................................................................... 254
11.5.2 Input Data............................................................................................................. 254
11.5.3 Automation Definition Window ............................................................................. 255
11.5.4 Creating the Result File........................................................................................ 255
11.5.5 Advanced Functions of the Order File.................................................................. 256
11.6 Automation States................................................................................................................ 256
11.7 Exporting Project Templates as Template Packages........................................................... 257
12 License Features for Trial ........................................................................................................... 258

10 C01IB003EN-F
 1 RheoCompass™ – Overview

1 RheoCompass™ – Overview

1.1 Description

The RheoCompass™ software is used for the control of the Anton Paar MCR
rheometer series. The measurement parameters and results as well as all
settings are recorded in a database. The settings for a measuring device are
stored as a measuring set configuration.

To facilitate getting started with the rheological measurements, RheoCompass™

contains various templates suited to different applications and methods. The
templates can be selected from the application flow shown at the first start of the
software. Each template includes a full test definition from the first start to the
evaluation of measurement results. The test definition, the results and all
presentation windows are stored in separate projects which can be retrieved at
any time.

The figure below shows the main elements. The definitions for the software items,
e.g. ribbons or navigation, will be used throughout this manual.

Application Quick access Ribbon tab Ribbon group Presentation Control panel
button tool-bar pane (click to open)

Navigation / Navigation Tabs Details Pane Dashboard Status

Toolbox / buttons (click to open) information
Datapool
Fig. 1 - 1 Overview of User Interface

C01IB003EN-E 11
1 RheoCompass™ – Overview

• Application button
The Application button contains the main file functions such as "Open",
"Save" or "Print". You have further access to the "Options" dialog for general
settings in RheoCompass™. The options should be changed with great care
only.

• Quick access tool-bar

Use the quick access bar to undo or redo the last action or to save the
currently opened project. "Start" and "Stop" are applied to the test Definition
contained in the project.

• Ribbon tab
In the ribbon tabs, you find all software functions grouped by their relevant
context. The groups of buttons within a ribbon are called ribbon groups.

• Navigation buttons
These are used to select the main area, usually you will be working with
"Projects". The "Setup" area contains functions for installing new devices or
accessories, for example, and the "RheoFinder" gives access to the
database functions.

• Navigation / Toolbox / Data pool

The content of the navigation pane area depends on the currently selected
main area of RheoCompass™, e.g. whether you are editing settings in the
general setup or whether you are running measurements. The "Navigation"
always lists all available items or options, the "Toolbox" contains the actions
for a test definition and the "Datapool" shows all measurements and
analyses in the currently opened project.

• Presentation Pane
The "Presentation pane" is the main working area of RheoCompass™. Here
you will find the test definition, diagram and table windows, report windows
and so on. To change settings for the various items inside this pane, you
click on the items and make the changes in the details Pane.

• Details Pane
The details pane contains the detailed settings for the current content of the
presentation pane. The settings can be edited in this pane. As
RheoCompass™ is working with a database, the changes take effect
immediately, a confirmation is not necessary.

12 C01IB003EN-E
 2 Options

2 Options
The "Options" dialog contains general settings for the operation of the software
and for logging and database handling. As the settings influence the overall
behavior of RheoCompass™, changes should be made with great care.

2.1 Popular Options

2.1.1 User-Specific Options

The loss factor reaches infinite value for purely viscous or purely elastic materials,
the measurement of the storage respectively loss modulus does not make sense
in that case. To have a clearly defined limit value, if this occurs, activate the option
"Limit loss factor" and select the level of warning (information, warning or error)
that you would like to see in case a limit is reached. The default limit values may
be changed, if necessary.

2.1.2 Default Unit and Default Marker Options

RheoCompass™ uses either SI-Units or the most common unit as the default.
This default is used for all new diagrams, tables, measurement window and so on.
To change the default unit for a physical variable, select the variable group or "All
variables" and highlight the variable in the list.

Make the required changes to unit, number format, number of digits (precision),
scaling type, marker style and marker size and close the dialog with "Close". The
changes will be applied to all newly created windows or projects.

To reset the highlighted variable or all variables to the default click the appropriate
button and close the dialog box with "Close".

2.1.3 LAOS Calculation Options

Define whether the strain or the stress signal is sinusoidal. Use auto-detection to
let the software decide whether the strain or the stress signal is sinusoidal.

• Select the option sinusoidal strain if TruStrain™ is ON and a set strain is

defined in the measurement

• Select the option sinusoidal stress if TruStrain™ is OFF. This option applies
for stress (CSS mode) and strain (CSD mode) controlled tests with
TruStrain™ deactivated.

Define the maximum harmonic used for the LAOS calculations. The default value
is 21, whereas for most presentations 9 harmonics are sufficient as the higher
harmonics are too noisy.

C01IB003EN-E 13
2 Options

2.1.4 Save Documents

The currently opened project is stored at defined time intervals while a test is
running to avoid loss of data points in case of a computer or power failure. This
option is enabled by default with a time interval of five minutes. To change the time
interval, enter the required value. To disable the automatic saving, remove the
check mark (not recommended.) Every project is stored after a test has been
finished.

To change the path where videos and images are stored, click the button to the
right of the text field and select the required location. As these files may become
rather large, make sure that sufficient disk space is available in the selected
location.

2.1.5 Database Options

The software checks regularly, if the connection to the database is still available.
In case a timeout occurs, the software tries to re-establish the connection. The
timeout values for checking and re-connection can be set in these options. The
default value is three minutes for both.

2.1.6 ASCII Import and Export Options

The software allows to import text data (ASCII) e.g. to be able to compare
literature data or data from third-party software to measurement data. For the
software to be able to recognize the ASCII data, the settings in this dialog have to
match the data that are to be imported.

The export of data can be started manually from any table window or
automatically in a test definition using the action "Export".

The settings have the following functions:

• Comment character
Enter the delimiter that separates the data you would like to import from any
comments. It is not possible to use a comma (,) as a delimiter.

• Number of headlines to skip

Enter the number of lines at the beginning of the ASCII files for import that do
not need to be imported.

• Use dash line for header separation

Check this option if your data are separated from other information by a line
of at least 40 hyphens.

• Show variable name in data column header

This option needs to be checked.

14 C01IB003EN-E
 2 Options

• Show unit in data column header

Check if the units of your data are available in a second heading line. These
units can be converted by RheoCompass™ into default units (usually SI
units). The unit has to be written with angle brackets. If the unit is not
available in the imported data the software will assume that SI units have
been used.

• Column Separation Character

<Tab>, <Space> and semicolon (;) are recognized as separators, as well as
the sign that has been specified as column separator in the Windows™
Control Panel.
If "Windows defined" has been selected for the separation character, the
software uses the separation character defined in the regional settings of the
operating system (Windows control panel).

2.2 Security Options

Access to the RheoCompass™ software is protected by a login function, which

requires a user name and a password to be entered at the start-up of the software.
There are two login types: RheoCompass™ login and Windows login:

- Windows account for login: If the Windows account login is activated, the
current Windows user is logged in automatically with the Windows user name. If
the user is not setup in RheoCompass™, this user is added automatically to the
RheoCompass™ users list. A new role is assigned to this user depending on the
settings of the Default RheoCompass™ role. If the Default RheoCompass™ role
is not RheoCompass™ Administrator, the user has restricted permissions. Any
RheoCompass™ administrator is allowed to change the role of a user in <Setup>,
<User administration> (see also Chapter 10.5.2, "User Administration").

- RheoCompass™ account for login: We recommend to use the

RheoCompass™ login in combination with the 21 CFR Part 11 feature of the
RheoCompass™ software. Optionally the Windows login can be used.

For more information on the login, refer to Chapter 10.5.3.5, "Login" of this
manual.

2.2.1 Logging Options

All actions, or events, listed in the logging categories can be recorded during the
operation of the software. By default, both errors and warnings are logged. To add
more events to the logbook (audit trail), enable the corresponding categories.

The occurrence of an event in any of the activated categories is shown in

message list and a sound is played. To disable the sound, disable the "Play
sound..." option. The message window cannot be deactivated. To display the

C01IB003EN-E 15
2 Options

window, after it has been closed, click the warning sign in the lower right corner
of RheoCompass™ window. To view the complete log, go to the "RheoFinder"
and select the entry logbook (audit trail).

The logbook (audit trail) can be stored in RheoFinder (default setting) or in a

separate file in a defined destination. Enter the path in the text-box or click the
button next to it to select a log-file that is already existing.

The logbook (audit trail) can also be exported to pdf using the appropriate ribbon
function in the Logbook ribbon.

Details on logging categories

Log Errors: serious events in the software, logging cannot be disabled

Log Warnings: events that can influence the feasibility of settings, e.g. exceeding
a temperature limit

Log users log in and out events: should be enabled for 21 CFR Part 11
compliance. Logs failed and successful logins and logout.

Device communication: commands send to and from the instrument, only for
service use

Log Signature: should be enabled for 21 CFR Part 11 compliance. Logs the
(electronic) signing of measurement results by a user.

Log Setup operations: logs the installation of devices, accessories or measuring

systems.

For more information on logging, refer to the chapter 7.5.3.3 of this manual.

2.2.2 Backup Options

To avoid loss of data, a backup of the of the main database including all archives
should be carried out at regular intervals. The automatic backup will be carried
out at the specified time every day, if the option "Start backup automatically..."
is activated. A manual backup may be started at any time with the button
"Backup now".

• RheoCompass connected with a local database: A manual backup may be

started at any time with the button "Backup now".

The software can automatically delete previous backups to reduce the amount of
data stored in the database location. Enable the option "Delete backups older
than..." to use this feature and enter the number of backups that should be kept.

The backup files are stored in the local directory C:\ProgramData\Anton

Paar\RheoCompass\DbBackups. Use the option 'Copy last backup file of each
month to external directory when starting RheoCompass (e.g. to a file server with

16 C01IB003EN-E
 2 Options

network share)' if you wish to make a copy of the locally stored files. They can be
copied from this location for file backup. The original SQL files cannot be copied
directly without loss of data.

Any images or videos that are recorded in the operation of the software are not
part of the database but are stored as files in the path defined as media path. The
files are therefore not included in the automatic backup routine for the database
but need to be secured separately. To access the media path you may use the
button "Open media data path". The media path may be changed in the
"Popular" options if necessary.

For more information on backup, refer to the chapter 7.5.3.1 of this manual.

2.2.3 Restore Options

In case of loss of data, a computer fault or damage to the database, the backup
is used to restore the database, including all archives. Select a backup from the
list and click "Restore now".

2.2.4 Archive Options

The maximum size of the active database is 10 GB, therefore, an archive is

created once this size is reached. The settings in this tab allow to define an
automatic procedure for archiving which is preferable to waiting until the
maximum possible value is reached because they allow a defined and traceable
data handling.

Archived database entries are still listed in the current database and can be
viewed as any data. Once selected, they are retrieved from the archive and
shown in current database. This procedure is handled automatically by
RheoCompass™, a user intervention is not necessary.

To use regular archiving enable the option "Automatically archive every..." and
enter the number of days. This number is usually chosen according to the amount
of data that are created each day. Another option is to archive projects after a
certain time. Older database items are archived automatically, if this archiving
option has been enabled.

If the software is use extensively, the archiving dependent on the size of the
database may be activated.

The available archives can be viewed in the list view called 'Project archives' or
'Logbook (audit trail) archives'.

For more information about the archiving options refer to chapter 7.5.3.2 of this
manual. Note: The database used by RheoCompass™ is based on Microsoft
SQL server. The Studio Management Express software allows direct handling of
RheoCompass™ database and archives. For information on the SQL server and
software please see the documentation from Microsoft Corporation.

C01IB003EN-E 17
3 Setup

3 Setup
The "Setup" area of RheoCompass™ contains all functions necessary for the
general setup. You can create measuring set configurations and moving profiles
as well as create or edit accessories and measuring systems. The user
administration is available in this area as well.

3.1 Measuring Set

A measuring set consists of the device, its moving profile, if applicable, and all
connected peripherals. The chosen settings are stored in the Setup,
configurations category under a user defined name and can be selected in the
ribbon with a single click to activate the configuration with all settings.

3.1.1 Use the Ribbon Measuring Set To:

• select a predefined configuration

• disconnect a selected configuration

• check communication in case of any issue

Click Start a Service Function from the Ribbon Measuring Set, Service to start
any of the service functions:

Adjust drive Use this function to adjust the Drive inertia of the device.
inertia The drive inertia is adjusted while no measuring system is
connected to the quick-connect coupling.
It is strongly advisable to adjust the inertia using the
default parameter settings:

The drive inertia is stored in the device and not in the

software.
Re-adjust all measuring systems after any drive inertia
adjustment.

18 C01IB003EN-E
 3 Setup

Adjust Use this function to adjust the Measuring system inertia.

measuring It is advisable to use the default parameter settings for
system inertia adjusting the inertia except for the magnetic coupling of
the pressure cell.

The Measuring system inertia is stored in the software.

Special case: Use 1 Hz and 100 mrad for adjusting the
inertia of the magnetic coupling (pressure cell).
Adjust motor Use this function to Adjust the motor of the rheometer.
Download Use this function to Download the latest firmware to the
firmware device.
Service report Use this function to create a Service report. Make sure
the device is on and initialized.
Set PT100 input Use this function to define the Offset and Span of any
offset and span PT100 sensor connected to the PT100 port of the MCR.
Offset and Span are stored in the memory of the MCR and
not in the software.
Important note: The Offset and Span are used for any
PT100 connected to the PT100 port, once defined. Check
that the parameters comply with the PT100 currently being
used.
Set Use this function to define the Offset and Span of any
thermocouple Thermocouple sensor connected to the TE port of the
input offset and MCR. Offset and Span are stored in the memory of the
span MCR and not in the software.
Important note: The Offset and Span are used for any
thermocouple connected to the TE port, once defined.
Check that the parameters comply with the thermocouple
currently being used.
Set start angle Use this function for Defining a start angle to define the
position of the quick-connect coupling at test start. The
function can be used to ensure the mark on the coupling is
facing the front. This is handy when using a UXF fixture or
any other measuring system requiring a predefined
position.
While this function is used to Define the user angle,
another Device action should follow to Move to the
angle. This is done by the Move to measuring position
command.

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3 Setup

Click Start measuring set function to start a temperature calibration.

You can either select a calibration sensor or enter the true sample temperature
manually. Verification is optional but it is advisable to check that the adjustment is
OK. Define at least three set values.

It might be necessary to select a PT100 or a GMH accessory in the selected

configuration. To install the PT100, click <Setup>, <Accessories>, Ribbon
Setup, New, Sensor (Connected to PT100 or Connected to COM), Item name.

Start the measuring-set function and define the values to be adjusted. All further
steps proceed fully automatically and are visualized in a graphical interface. The
calibration polynomial correction is stored in the accessory.

Any calibration is stored in the category <Setup>, <Measuring set>,

<Calibrations> for retrieval (see chapter 3.1.4).

Configuration with
calibration sensor
GMH3230

Calibration dialog
with GMH sensor,
main set value
25 °C and two
additional values

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Calibration dialog
with manual input,
main set value
25 °C and two
additional values

3.1.2 Configurations

3.1.2.1 Working with Configurations

To create a new configuration, make sure that the ribbon "Setup" is selected and
click "New" in that ribbon. Select the type, if appropriate, and click "Create new
item with default settings". This will generate an empty configuration for which
you need to enter a description and select a moving profile. Further, you need to
define which instrument and peripheral equipment are to be part of this
configuration. To actually use this configuration, select it in the ribbon "Measuring
Set".

If the new configuration is very similar to an existing one, highlight that

configuration in the presentation panel and click "Duplicate" in the "Setup"
ribbon. Then make the required changes to the copy.

The button "Delete" in the "Setup" ribbon will permanently remove the
highlighted configuration from the list of configurations.

3.1.2.2 Configurations – Name, Info

The "Configuration name" is a required entry; this text allows to identify the
configuration (instrument setup) in other places in RheoCompass™. Therefore,
choose a name that allows easy recognition.

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 The "Location" and "Description" boxes can be used to enter additional
information about the current configuration.

Select the "Default moving profile" from the list of available profiles. For
detailed information about the moving profiles, please see Chapter 3.1.3, "Moving
Profiles".

3.1.2.3 Configurations – Hardware Configuration

The default setting for the "Measuring PC" is the setting "Local (this PC)". The
setting "Remote" is only used for a server-based installation.

The device is selected automatically with the installation of the license, if

RheoCompass™ is installed as a single license version. If you are using a multi
version, please select the device with the correct serial number from the list
"Device".

The connection between computer and device is selected in the "Connected to"
list. The type and number of the available connections depends on the settings
that have been made for the device. For detailed information on selecting a USB
or RS232 connection, see Chapter 3.1.2.4, "USB or RS232 Connection". If the
device is connected with an Ethernet cable (direct connection or via a company
network), select the option "Measuring PC via Ethernet". Detailed information
about the Ethernet (LAN) connection is available at Chapter 3.1.2.5, "Ethernet
(LAN) Connection".

Unless you are using a measuring system, measuring cell or accessory without
Toolmaster™ (automatic recognition), no further settings are necessary.

Manual Configuration>>

To use a measuring system, measuring cell or accessory that is not equipped with
the Toolmaster™ select it from the drop-down list. For an accessory you need to
select the connection to the device as well. This can be an RS232 connection or
one of the analog output connectors of the device. Once the accessory is
selected, the correct connection types are listed automatically.

For the installation of non-Toolmaster™ devices, please see the relevant help
topic (accessory or measuring system). There, you will also find detailed
information about the settings and types that are available.

3.1.2.4 USB or RS232 Connection

1. Click the drop-down list next to "Connected to" and select the USB or
RS232 port to which the instrument is connected.

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 3 Setup

2. In case you need to change the settings for an RS232 port, go to

"Measuring set components" in the navigation and highlight the entry
"Devices". The settings for the RS232 port do not normally need to be
changed. Incorrect settings may result in difficulties in the communication
between instrument and software.

3. Select the tab "Connection" and change the setting for "Connection to
measuring PC" to "COM".

4. Edit the RS232 settings.

5. Select the ribbon "Measuring Set" and change the current configuration to
"None".

6. Select the configuration that you want to use.

3.1.2.5 Ethernet (LAN) Connection

1. To change from USB/RS232 connection to an Ethernet connection, go to

"Measuring set components" in the navigation and highlight the entry
"Devices".

2. If there are several devices listed in the presentation pane, select the one for
which you want to select the Ethernet connection. Then select the tab
"Connection".

3. Select "LAN" from the list "Connection to measuring PC", if it is not

selected already.

4. Wait for the software to scan for and list all devices available in the network.

5. Select the device that you want to use in the list and click "Use Device". In
case the device shows "Err" in the status column, please see Chapter
3.2.1.4, "Devices – Device Network Administration".

6. If the device shows "OK" for the status, select the ribbon "Measuring Set"
and change the current configuration to "None".

7. Select the configuration that you want to use.

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3 Setup

3.1.3 Moving Profiles

The moving profiles contain a detailed description of velocity, force and limiting
values that are used for going to the measuring position, waiting position or
loading position. It further contains the settings and limiting values that are used
during a measurement and for the zero-gap setting.

A moving profile is part of a measuring set but can be selected in a test definition
as well, if required. RheoCompass™ includes a number of predefined moving
profiles for various samples and measuring cells.

To create a new moving profile or duplicate an existing one, use the relevant
button in the ribbon "Setup". To delete a moving profile, click the "Delete" button.

3.1.3.1 Creating a New Moving Profile

To create a new moving profile, make sure that the ribbon "Setup" is selected and
click "New" in that ribbon. Select the correct device group and select one of the
templates in the list. This will generate a moving profile with default settings which
can be edited in the separate tabs. To use the moving profile, select it in a suitable
configuration (see Chapter 3.1.2.2, "Configurations – Name, Info") and in the
Control panel of the currently selected rheometer.

The button "Delete" in the "Setup" ribbon will permanently remove the
highlighted moving profile from the database.

3.1.3.2 Moving Profiles – Name, Info

The entry for "Profile name" identifies the profile in the list of available profile; it
is a required entry. The "Description" contains additional information and is
optional. It can, for example, be used to enter information about the sample type
for which the moving profile should be used.

A Movement profile can be defined for one or more Device groups. Device
groups can have the following properties:

ROT = Motor for angular movement

F = Sensor for measuring forces in axial direction
LIFT = Lift motor
LIN = Motor for linear motion

For example, an MCR 302 belongs to the device group ROT+F+LIFT.

The Device group of the detected rheometer is automatically selected. All other
views of the Moving profile show settings for the selected Device group. To
select the settings of another Device group, the 'Auto detect' option must be
removed.

24 C01IB003EN-E
 3 Setup

3.1.3.3 Application Mode:

The Moving profiles are filtered by the Application mode selected in the Home
ribbon. Assign one or more Application modes to the Moving profile.

Fig. 3 - 2 Name, Info dialog with device groups and preselected device group
ROT+F+LIFT.

3.1.3.4 Lift Drive, Action

The "Lift drive, action settings" are valid in the range given by the minimum and
maximum position values. The profile settings define the velocity and force
values. Between the steps defined by the position values, the velocity and force
will be ramped linearly. If the option "Continue lift drive control after
positioning" is activated, the settings will be used after the trimming or
measuring position has been reached.
The option "Continue lift drive control after positioning" is very rarely used for
the direction Lift drive, move up. See use case scenarios for the direction Lift
drive, move down.

Default waiting position:

The default waiting position is used to allow e.g. thermal equilibrium or a rest time
for the sample. The position value should therefore be close to the sample height
to be able to close the measuring chamber. A suitable value is 5 mm.

Default loading position:

The default loading position is used for disconnecting and cleaning the measuring
system. Make sure the position is selected wisely to avoid the measuring system
to touch the hood of the measuring cell. A safe value for most cells is 30 mm.

Scenario 1: I want the system to go to the default gap with controlled force to
avoid destroying the sample structure.
Select the setting "Set gap" to go to the target gap. In the profile, check that the
velocity at a position close to the sample height is in the range of 50–500 mm/s
and set a force value in the range of 2–5 N for sensitive materials. The velocity
and force value may need to be adapted to the sample properties. When going to

C01IB003EN-E 25
3 Setup

the measuring position, the instrument will now reduce the velocity as much as
necessary to keep the measured force at the target value (+- hysteresis value).
Once the target gap has been reached, the instrument is ready for measurement.
If the target gap cannot be reached within the time specified as force control
timeout, an error message will be shown. This method is suitable for all measuring
system types.

Scenario 2: I want the movement to stop as soon as a defined force value is

measured; this value should be kept until the start of the measurement.
Select the setting "Set force". In the profile, check that the velocity at a position
close to the sample height is in the range of 50–500 mm/s and enter the required
force value. The more solid-like the sample, the smaller the velocity should be and
the higher the force. A maximum value of 5 to 10 N is recommended for solid
materials. The option "Continue lift drive control..." should only be enabled, if the
force needs to be kept constant before the start of the measurement. For soft
materials that show a quick relaxation, the option should be disabled. This
method is only suitable for parallel plate systems, because the gap is not defined;
the measured gap, however, will be used for the calculations during the
measurement.

Scenario 3: I want the measuring system to reach the target gap as fast as
possible.
Select the setting "Set gap" and delete all lines in the profile except the position
0 mm and 125 mm. Enter the maximum possible speed of the device and a force
of 40 N for both lines.

3.1.3.5 Rot Drive, Action

The "Rot drive, action settings" allow to lock the measuring system during and
after movement of the Lift drive either at any position or at a defined angle of the
Rot drive. Further, it is possible to apply a rotation to the Rot drive during the
movement of the Lift drive and limit torque or speed, if required. Enable the
option Move to zero-angle and lock drive in case of extensional measurements
with a 3PB or Cantilever type measuring system. The actions can be defined
separately for an upward or downward movement.

Select the operation mode and enter the torque and speed value, if necessary. A
value of 0 mNm means that the available maximum of the device will be used. The
recommended setting is to lock the Rot drive, using either "Lock drive at current
angle" or "Move to user start angle and lock drive". The latter option may be useful
to increase repeatability for oscillatory measurements at very low torque and
deflection angle values. If the option "Continue measuring drive control after
positioning", the selected mode will continue to be used after the device has
reached the trimming or measuring position.

This is not normally used for moving up. The default mode for moving up is "No
setting"; for automated lifting of the measuring system after a measurement, it is
recommended to use a rotation at 5 to 10 rpm to avoid a force overload.

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 3 Setup

3.1.3.6 During Measurement

The available settings can vary depending on the selected device group, e.g.
because the device has a normal force sensor.

The "Lift drive settings" are valid in the range given by the minimum and
maximum position values. The profile settings define the velocity and normal
force values that are used during the measurement. Between the steps defined
by the position values, the velocity and normal force will be ramped linearly.

Any settings that are made in the measurement action in a test take precedence
over the settings in the moving profile.

• If force value is set in the measurement, for example, this value is the target
value, while the velocity is used as a limit value.

• If a target gap is set, it is in most cases recommended, to significantly

increase the velocity value, to make sure that the required gap value is
reached within the interval duration.

3.1.3.7 Detect Position

The available settings can vary depending on the selected device group,
e.g. because the device has a force sensor.

The settings for detection positions can affect the accuracy of all gap setting and
should therefore not be changed.

Zero-gap for air-bearing rheometers:

The default mode for all air bearing instruments is the detection of the zero-gap
position using the normal force, for ball bearing instruments, the torque detection
has to be used.

The movement to the zero position starts with the velocity given in the field "High
velocity" and switches to the slow velocity speed at the gap given in "Velocity
switching position". If the option "Force detection" has been selected, the
measuring system will move down until a force higher than the Force for zero-
gap setting is measured. Then the Lift drive will move up until the value given for
"Force for zero-gap setting" is measured. This is the zero position which is used
for all gap setting until the next zero-gap procedure is started.

Zero-gap for ball bearing rheometers:

If the option "Torque detection" has been selected, the measuring system will
move down with a low rotational speed until the surface of the lower plate is
detected by an increase in the torque necessary to maintain the rotational speed
due to the friction between upper and lower system. After contact, the Lift drive
will move up until the measuring system can rotate freely again and use that

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3 Setup

position as the zero-gap value. The torque detection mode can be affected
adversely, if the measuring system or the lower plate has been cleaned
insufficiently.

The option "Move to measuring position..." should always be activated, to avoid

a contact between measuring system and lower plate during a temperature
increase.

Zero-Angle:

The parameter Zero-angle tolerance is used for detecting the zero-angle of 3PB
or Cantilever type measuring systems and should not be changed. This action is
triggered by the function Zero-gap.

Finding the sample:

The movement for finding the position of the sample starts with a high velocity and
switches to the Slow velocity for finding position at the gap given in Velocity
switching position for finding position until the Force for finding position is
reached. The Force for finding position should be set depending on the
stiffness of the sample.

3.1.4 Calibration Management

All previous calibrations are listed in the category <Setup>, <Measuring set>,
<Calibrations>.

To restore a previous calibration, select it in the list and click Apply in the ribbon
'Setup, calibration'. The set of calibration parameters is then applied to the
referring accessory.

To create a certificate from the stored calibration select the <Calibrations>

category. In the ribbon 'Setup, calibration' there are two functions:

• Print certificate: Print certificate for the selected calibration

• Export certificate: Export certificate for the selected calibration

Open the 'Details pane' to see all the calibration parameters selected in the list
view above.

3.2 Measuring Set Components

Measuring set components are all hardware items that are required to set up a
configuration: devices, accessories and measuring systems. Each of these
components has defined properties that can be edited or viewed in the
corresponding tabs. The available items of each category are listed in the
presentation pane once the entry has been highlighted under "Measuring set
components".

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3.2.1 Devices

"Devices" includes all measuring devices that have been installed to the
RheoCompass™ software. The number of available devices depends on the
software license.

To create a new device or duplicate an existing one, use the relevant button in the
ribbon "Setup". To delete a device, click the "Delete" button.

3.2.1.1 Creating a New Device

A new device can be created using the button "New" in the "Setup" ribbon, but
as this requires a license, neither this function nor the duplication should be used.

3.2.1.2 Devices – Name, Info

The tab contains the name, usually the device type, and the serial number of the
device currently highlighted in the presentation pane. Additionally an image can
be selected of the type *.bmp, *.jpg, *.gif or *.tif. For the "Location" and
"Description" information can be entered that makes it easier to identify a
device, if more than one is installed in the software. This is especially useful, if
several devices are controlled through the LAN connection.

3.2.1.3 Devices – Connection

Select the connection type (USB or LAN) that you want to edit and make
additional settings, if required. The available connection types are dependent on
the type of the selected device. Please note that this tab is only used to edit the
communication settings; the connection type that is actually used for the device
needs to be selected in the configuration (see Chapter 3.1.2.3, "Configurations –
Hardware Configuration").

For the USB connection, select the correct USB device from the list that is shown
once the connection type has been selected from the list.

If the LAN connection has been selected, the software will list the devices found
the in the network. Highlight the device in the list and click "Use device". Settings
for the LAN connection may be changed in the tab "Device Network
Administration".

For the serial connection (COM) the software contains default parameters for
each device type which should not be changed. The baud rate may be reduced
in case of communication problems. If the value is changed in the software, it
needs to be changed on the device as well. As these changes influence the
overall performance of the communication, it is recommended to contact Anton
Paar or our local distributor in advance.

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3 Setup

The option "Communicate with device in recovery mode" is only used in case
the firmware download to a device has failed. If that event occurs, the device can
no longer boot up correctly and therefore, communication to the device is not
possible in the usual way. The recovery mode allows communication with the
instrument without loading the firmware.

The recovery mode has to be enabled both in the software and on the instrument.
First, activate the recovery mode option in the software. Now disconnect the USB
or LAN cable. Then switch on the instrument while repeatedly pressing the button
'Menu' on the front panel of the device. Next reconnect the USB or LAN cable.
The instrument display should show version number, date, time and 'Boot
Firmware Active'. Now, you can download the firmware under "Measuring set >
Service > Start service function". Please make sure that the instrument
remains in recovery mode once communication with the software is established.
In case, the device starts to boot, repeat the procedure described in this section.

After the download has been finished remember to uncheck the recovery mode
option.

3.2.1.4 Devices – Device Network Administration

The Ethernet (LAN) connection is set in the tab "Device Network Administration"
under "Measuring set components" and "Devices".

The instrument can either be connected to the network or directly to the

computer’s network interface card. In case the computer is connected to the
network as well, a second interface card has to be installed in the computer.
Further, the TCP/IP protocol needs to be installed on the computer. If the
instrument is connected to the company network, the assistance of the network
administrator will be required.

For a direct connection between instrument and computer use the crossover
patch cable, for a connection to the network use the standard patch cable. Both
cables are delivered with the instrument.

1. Go to the network settings of your computer and check the properties of the
TCP/IP protocol. Make a note of the IP number, the subnet mask and the IP
number of the standard gateway. If these are not set and the computer is not
connected to a network, you may use the following settings
:

IP number: 192.168.21.5
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Standard gateway: 192.168.21.10
TIP If the computer is connected to a network, ask the administrator for
information on the TCP/IP settings.

30 C01IB003EN-E
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2. Make sure that the device is set to use the Ethernet connection for
communication and click "Refresh list" to scan for available devices. If the
list shows "OK" in the "State" column, you do not need to change any
settings, but can continue with step 5.

3. If the device is connected directly to the computer, you may use the following
settings:

IP number: 192.168.21.7
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Standard gateway: 192.168.21.10
TIP If both device and computer are connected to a network, please ask the
administrator for the available settings. The software can work with both
static and dynamic (DHCP) IP-addresses.

4. Once you have made the required changes to the settings, click "Apply
settings to device" and wait for the list to become active again. The "State"
column should now show "OK" for the device.

5. Switch to the tab "Connection" and find the device for which you have just
edited the settings in the list. Click "Use device".

6. If the device shows "OK" for the status, select the ribbon "Measuring Set"
and change the current configuration to "None".

7. Select the configuration that you want to use.

3.2.1.5 Devices – Adjustments

Depending on the device type, this tab shows the motor adjustments stored on
the device and the settings for the adjustment. The adjustment itself is carried out
in the "Start measuring set function" in the ribbon "Measuring Set".

The instrument is delivered with a default motor adjustment (initial adjustment).

To measure very exact data, especially at low torque values, you should carry out
and save the motor adjustment for each measurement system you are using. If a
measuring system or measuring system type is used frequently, the motor
adjustment for this system can be set as the default by clicking "Define as
Optional Adjustment". The initial adjustment respectively the optional adjustment
is used for all measuring systems for which no motor adjustment is stored.

3.2.1.6 Devices – Corrections

The devices of the MCR series allow, depending on the type, to set the
compliance value. This is the vertical compliance of the mechanics and air
bearing which is taken into account for any normal force value different from zero.
The value should not be changed, respectively the setting should be left on
"automatic" unless you have a specific reason for manually editing this value or
are instructed to do so by Anton Paar.

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3.2.1.7 Devices – Settings

The tab shows the available options for the selected device as well as their default
settings. Here, you can check e.g. whether your device allows TruStrain™
measurements or the recording of sine waves during oscillation.

3.2.2 Accessories

"Accessories" includes all peripheral equipment that can be connected in any

way to a device. These are e.g. temperature control devices such as a Peltier
plate, controllers or analog devices.

Most accessories are recognized by the Toolmaster™ system, therefore, the

manual installation is not necessary in most cases. For details on the manual
installation see Chapter 3.2.2.1, "Creating or Editing an Accessory".

3.2.2.1 Creating or Editing an Accessory

Some of the accessory data are essential for the correct functioning of the
accessory, the gap setting and the reliability of the measurement results.
Always make sure to enter correct data when editing or creating an
accessory. Incorrect data may result in incorrect measurement values or
damage to the equipment.

To create a new accessory, make sure that the ribbon "Setup" is selected and
click "New" in that ribbon. Select the required accessory type and click "Create".
This will generate an accessory of the selected type without settings. These need
to be set manually in all available tabs. For information on selecting the accessory
in a configuration see Chapter 3.1.2.3, "Configurations – Hardware
Configuration".

If the new accessory is similar to an existing one, highlight that accessory in the
presentation panel and click "Duplicate" in the "Setup" ribbon. Then make the
required changes to the copy.

The button "Delete" in the "Setup" ribbon will permanently remove the
highlighted accessory from the database.

To edit an accessory, select it in the list and make the changes to the settings in
the relevant tab.

TwinDrive speed balance

The speed balance adjustment is only available for devices with an upper and
lower drive motor unit (TwinDrive). It allows to set the percentage of control for
both motors.

32 C01IB003EN-E
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3.2.2.2 Accessories – Name, Info

The tab shows the name and serial number of the selected accessory. All entries
in this tab as well as the image can be edited according to requirements. The
additional information about type and, if applicable, connection settings can be
edited under Chapter 3.2.2.4, "Accessories – Operational Settings".

3.2.2.3 Accessories – Variables, Value Ranges

The tab shows the range, usually the temperature range, for which the accessory
can be used. The values are read from the Toolmaster™, if available.
Toolmaster™ data can be edited but limit values cannot be exceeded during
operation for safety reasons, even if changed here.

As the majority of accessories is used to control the temperature this is the default
variable except for a number of special accessories that are available from Anton
Paar, such as power supply units for special devices. If the variable is grayed out,
it cannot be changed. This is the case for all measuring cells and temperature
sensors (Pt100, thermocouple and external thermometers with RS232
connection).

For both controller types and for the converter, the set value can be selected
from the drop-down list. When using a controller, which is connected to the serial
port of the device or the computer, make sure that the communication protocol is
available in the operational settings tab. Only controllers with a known protocol
may be used.

For the converter accessory, the set variable can be selected freely from the list,
the value that is actually sent to the accessory is always the voltage sent from the
analog connector of the rheometer. This voltage range can be edited within the
limits of the rheometer, if required by the accessory. The set variable on the left
hand side of the tab is the variable that is actually shown in the measuring window
in the test definition. Here, you can set the range defined by the manufacturer of
the accessory.

The accessories TwinDrive speed balance adjuster, Switch (analog) and

Switch (relay) do not contain any variables that can be modified; the voltage
range of the analog switch may be adjusted according to the requirements of the
connected device. Make sure to observe the voltage limits of the rheometer which
can be found in the respective instruction manual.

The signal spy accessory is selected to enable the output of certain raw values
from the instrument’s electronics.

3.2.2.4 Accessories – Operational Settings

The operational settings shown in this tab depend on the selected accessory type.
The parameters do not normally need to be changed, unless you are using a
system that is not predefined in the software or not recognized by the

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Toolmaster™ function. Modifications may be necessary for special

configurations. In case you need more information on the settings than provided
below, please contact the Anton Paar support or our local representative.

Sensors
The settings for the sensor do not normally need to be changed. They define
which of the temperature values is shown or used for controlling the sample
temperature in case several values are available. If you point the mouse to the
exclamation mark next to the entry field, additional information for the settings is
shown.

Controller Mode
For accessories with an RS232 connection, the controller mode area shows the
communication settings such as baud rate, data-bit, stop bit and so on. These
parameters are set correctly, once the protocol has been selected from the drop-
down list. Changes are not normally required.
For measuring cells that are connected to the device, the mode defines which of
the connected accessories to use, in case more than one is connected. The
setting should not be changed unless you are instructed to do so by Anton Paar
or our local representative.

Geometrical Dimensions
The flange height is used for all measuring cells as these devices are mounted
directly into the rheometer. The value is used for all position settings and should
not be changed.

Cell Settings
Select the measuring system type that matches the measuring cell type from the
drop-down list. An incorrect selection will lead to an error message at the start of
a device action to avoid e.g. a crash between measuring system and cell.

Function
All accessories that feed back values to the device may be used for calibration. If
this option is activated, the relevant accessory can be selected in the calibration
procedure. Most common is the temperature calibration using a Pt100 or external
thermometer for another accessory, but other variables may be used as well,
depending on the accessory.

Peltier
The option is shown for measuring cells that may contain Peltier elements and for
controllers to which Peltier systems may be connected. Enable the option only, if
a Peltier system is used.

Degauss
The option is only shown for devices that use the current I as the set value. An
example is the power supply for the magnetorheological device.

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3.2.2.5 Accessories – Corrections

The available corrections depend on the type of the selected accessory. Except
for the correction of the set and measured value, the values do not normally need
to be changed by the user.

Correction of Set / Measured Value>>

Values are entered here, if a calibration e.g. of the temperature has been carried
out. The software includes an automatic calibration routine which sets a number
of user-defined temperature values, measures the real sample temperature
values and calculates the coefficients using a polynomial fit. The coefficients are
then entered automatically here. Depending on the type of accessory, on the set
or measured values may be available.

Other Corrections>>
The additional torsional compliance of the measuring system is mainly relevant
for accessories that have a lower shaft, for lower plates, the value is negligible.
The torsional compliance can contribute to the total deflection measured by the
position sensor of the rheometer. Therefore, it needs to be known and taken into
account to make sure that only the deformation of the sample is used for the
calculation of the measurement results.
Hood temperature Offset and factor are used for measuring cells consisting of
lower and upper system, typically plate and hood. The temperature of the upper
system is controlled as a function of the lower one to avoid temperature gradients
in the sample area.

Automatic Gap Control (AGC)>>

The AGC coefficients make sure that the thermal expansion of the accessory is
taken into account during measurements with varying temperatures. The AGC
coefficient is used in all measurements unless the accessory is equipped with the
TruGap™ function which directly measures the real gap at all times.

3.2.2.6 Accessories – Status

The status information describes, how an accessory has been created. The
Toolmaster™ settings should not be changed. The "Re-Read" option will
overwrite all manual changes that have been made to an accessory with
Toolmaster™ after the first installation. It should therefore be used with great care.

3.2.3 Measuring Systems

"Measuring systems" lists all measuring systems that are currently installed in
the software.

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3.2.3.1 Creating or Editing a Measuring System

Some of the measuring system data are essential for the correct functioning
of the accessory, the gap setting and the reliability of the measurement
results. Always make sure to enter correct data when editing or creating a
measuring system. Incorrect data may result in incorrect measurement
values or damage to the equipment.

To create a new measuring system, make sure that the ribbon "Setup" is selected
and click "New" in that ribbon. Select the required measuring system type and
click "Create". This will generate a measuring system of the selected type without
settings. These need to be set manually in all available tabs. For information on
selecting the measuring system in a configuration see Chapter 3.1.2.3,
"Configurations – Hardware Configuration".

If the new measuring system is similar to an existing one, highlight that measuring
system in the presentation panel and click "Duplicate" in the "Setup" ribbon.
Then make the required changes to the copy. To edit a measuring system, select
it in the list and make the changes.

The button "Delete" in the "Setup" ribbon will permanently remove the
highlighted measuring system from the database.

3.2.3.2 Measuring Systems – Name, Info

The tab shows the name and serial number of the selected measuring system. All
entries in this tab as well as the image can be edited according to requirements.
The additional information about type and other settings can be edited in the other
tabs.

3.2.3.3 Measuring Systems – Components

This setting is only relevant for devices with an upper and lower motor. Select the
upper and lower system from the list.

3.2.3.4 Measuring Systems – Dimensions, Factors

This tab contains the mechanical properties of the measuring system such as the
diameter, cone angle, effective length and so on. The available entry fields
depend on the selected measuring system type. For measuring systems
delivered by Anton Paar, the values are stored on the Toolmaster™, if available,
and can be checked on the accompanying data sheet.

The CSS factor is used to calculate the shear stress from the instrument's torque:
shear stress = torque x CSS factor. The factor can be given as Pa/Nm or Pa/mNm
or as a relative stress factor. Please make sure that you have selected the correct
option as given on the measuring system's data sheet if you need to compare
values.

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The CSR factor is used to calculate the shear rate from the instrument's
rotational speed: shear rate = rotational speed x CSR factor. The shear rate factor
can be given in min/s or s/s. Please make sure that you have selected the correct
option as given on the measuring system's data sheet if you need to compare
values.

The calculation mode shows the standards, if applicable, that describe the
method which is used for the calculation of the CSS and CSR factor from the
geometrical dimensions of the measuring system.

3.2.3.5 Measuring Systems – Positioning

The active length value is the length of the measuring system from the lower end
of the measuring system to the end of the shaft (lower end of the coupling). The
positioning length is only used for cylinder systems to make sure they are
positioned correctly in the cylinder cup. For all other measuring systems, the
values are usually equal. The option for zero-gap is activated for e.g. plates,
cones or Mooney-Ewart cylinders.

If the trim position is enabled (default setting for cones and plates) the gap motor
stops at a defined distance from the measuring position to allow the user to
remove excess sample. The default value for this distance is shown beneath the
selection. If 'User defined' is selected, the value can be changed; if 'None' is
selected, the trim position is not used (not recommended). If the value is not
shown, the measuring system does not use the trim position, e.g. concentric
cylinders.

3.2.3.6 Measuring Systems – Corrections

The moment of inertia needs to be determined before you can use the
measuring system (see the device driver manual for your instrument). The correct
determination of the moment of inertia is important for correct results in oscillatory
measurements and it is also needed for the speed control.

The torsional compliance is a measure of the 'stiffness' of the measuring

system. The torsional compliance can contribute to the total deflection measured
by the position sensor of the rheometer. Therefore, it needs to be known and
taken into account to make sure that only the deformation of the sample is used
for the calculation of the measurement results.

The adjustment offset Kc may be used to adjust the measured viscosity value
to the nominal value of a reference material. This offset value needs to be set with
great care as it will influence all measurements done with that measuring system.
The value is entered as a percentage which is calculated from the difference
between measured and nominal value. To correct for too high readings, enter a
negative value; to increase the measured value a positive one.

The options for mechanical bearing and magnetic coupling need to be enabled
for measuring systems with these properties such as the pressure cell.

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The AGC coefficient corresponds to the thermal expansion of the measuring

system. It is used to compensate for the change in the measuring system's length
during temperature changes. It is especially important to enter the coefficient if
you are measuring with temperature gradients or several temperatures in one
measurement. The AGC coefficient is used in all measurements unless the
measuring system is equipped with the TruGap™ function which directly
measures the sample gap at all times.

3.2.3.7 Measuring Systems – Limits

Limit values can be entered for the temperature range for which a measuring
system may be used as well as the maximum rotational speed or torque. For
measuring systems with Toolmaster™ the values stored there will always
override the software settings for safety reasons. Limit values should not be
changed unless you are instructed to do so by Anton Paar or our local
representative.

3.2.3.8 Measuring Systems – Status

The status information describes, how a measuring system has been created.
The Toolmaster™ settings should not be changed. The "Re-Read" option will
overwrite all manual changes that have been made to a measuring system with
Toolmaster™ after the first installation. It should therefore be used with great care.

3.3 User Administration

In the user administration, you can create both roles (groups) and users (single
users) as well as assign detailed rights to both.

3.3.1 Roles

The roles allow to define a frame or group to which a number of users may be
assigned. The access rights for the users do then not need to be defined
separately as all users with the same role will have the same access rights.

To add a new role, duplicate an existing one by clicking "Duplicate" in the ribbon
"Setup" or click "New"... in the ribbon bar "Role" in the "Setup" ribbon and enter
a name and description. After the role has been created, you need to edit the
permissions in the "Permissions" tab. The default setting for a new role is
"Deny" for all functions.

To add users to a role, click "Add user" in the in the ribbon bar "Role" in the
"Setup" ribbon and select the user from the list. To remove a user, highlight the
role in the list and select the tab "Members"; then click "Remove user" in the
ribbon bar "Role" in the "Setup" ribbon.

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A role is deleted by highlighting it in the presentation pane and clicking "Delete"

in the ribbon bar "Role" in the "Setup" ribbon.

3.3.2 Users

Users are single persons to which defined access rights in the software may be
assigned. Users may be added to one or several roles.

To add a new user, click "New" in the ribbon bar "User" in the "Setup" ribbon
and enter a name, description and password. After the user has been created,
you need to either edit the permissions in the "Effective Permissions" tab or
assign a role membership. The default setting for a new user is "Deny" for all
functions.

To assign a role to a user, click "Add role membership" in the in the ribbon bar
"User" in the "Setup" ribbon and select the role from the list. Once a role
membership has been assigned, the user will have the permissions of that role. If
several roles are assigned to a user, the user will have the access rights of the
role with the highest level.

To remove a role membership, highlight the user in the list and select the tab
"Role Memberships"; then click "Remove role membership" in the ribbon bar
"User" in the "Setup" ribbon.

A user is deleted by highlighting it in the presentation pane and clicking "Delete"

in the ribbon bar "User" in the "Setup" ribbon.

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4 RheoFinder
The RheoFinder is your window to the SQL Database where all RheoCompass™
data is stored.

All elements of the RheoFinder such as projects, tests and templates and all items
of the Setup category such as configurations, devices, accessories, measuring
systems are stored in one Microsoft SQL 2012 Database which is installed
together with the RheoCompass™ software.

Use the RheoFinder to edit or retrieve and organize your data. Items that belong
to the general configuration of the software, such as devices, accessories or
measuring systems, can be found in "Setup".

To show data of a certain category, highlight the category in the navigation. The
items will be shown in the presentation pane. To sort them differently, click any of
the headers in the table in the presentation pane.

To quickly find a particular item, enter the name or part of it into the search field.
The database will automatically update the view to show only items that contain
the search term in their name. Use the additional filter "Show my projects only" or
"Show my tests only" to hide projects or tests created by any other user.

Fig. 4 - 1 Search field for the database (RheoFinder)

4.1 Database Import and Export

The data export and import allows any item of the RheoFinder or Setup category
to be exported or imported as a single file.

Also refer to the chapter 2.1.5 of this manual for region dependent ASCII import
and export settings.

4.1.1 Exporting Data Items from the Database

1. To export an item from the RheoFinder, select the appropriate data type in
the navigation and highlight the entry (item) that you want to export from the
list in the presentation pane.

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2. Activate the "Home" ribbon by clicking "Home" in the menu.

3. Click the "Export" button in the ribbon bar "Import, Export".

4. Select the file location, if different from the default location, enter the file
name and save. All exported files have a RheoCompass specific file
extension, are compressed and based on the XML file format.

The exported file can be stored in any location and send by mail as an
attachment.

HINT: The export of measurement data from a table can be done automatically by
using the "Export" action in a test definition or manually by highlighting the
required data range in the table and using the "Export" button in the "Home"
ribbon.

4.1.2 Importing Items to the Database

For data import, go to the "Home" ribbon and click "Import". Select the file
location and the file. The software will automatically recognize the data type and
list it in the appropriate category.

HINT: Import of external data of xml-type is also possible within a project. Further,
csv- and txt-files can be imported. For a proper display of imported data, the
variable name and unit have to match the settings in RheoCompass™.

4.2 Project Data

Project data are the projects themselves and all data that are linked to a project
or contained in a project, such as tests, videos and images. Both projects and
tests may be opened from the RheoFinder with a double-click on the name or by
using the button "Open" under "RheoFinder > Item".

4.2.1 Projects

The details pane shows the information entered for the template, if available, and
any data entered during the creation of the project. To edit the properties of a
project, highlight it in the RheoFinder and click "Edit" in "RheoFinder > Item".
Once you are finished, click "Save" or discard the changes with "Cancel".

To keep users from collecting an unlimited amount of data in one single project,
you may enable the option "Limit test number" and enter a suitable maximum
number of tests per project that is created from this template.

To start or close the project automatically, activate the respective option in the tab
"Automation".

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By default, all new templates are shown for all Test types in the cover flow under
My Apps. If you want to assign a project template to certain categories, go to the
tab Test types and Tags. The "Filter by test type" is also used within the opened
project to filter the list of new windows as well as analysis macros by test type.

4.2.2 Tests

Each tests stored in the RheoFinder contains detailed settings about the method
that has been used to generate the data. Click RheoFinder, Edit to edit the
properties of a test such as Name, Info or Additional Infos.

The tabs "Name, Info" and "Additional Info" contain the name a test has been
given during execution as well as all input data defined in the "Start" action.
Further, date and time of the test are stored.

The tab "Test definition" shows all actions that have been used for the test,
under "Text data" the analysis results contained in the test are shown. If report
window has been available for the test, a minimized view of this is shown in the
tab "Report snapshot".

4.2.3 Videos and Pictures

For videos and images, the RheoFinder shows the name of the file and the date
of the last modification of the file. The name and an additional description can be
edited. To do this, highlight the entry and edit the data in the details Pane. The
default location of the files can be changed in the software options in the
application menu (see also Chapter 2.1, "Popular Options").

4.2.4 Importing Rheoplus Data

In general, there are two ways of reconstructing an ORX workbook:

1. Use any RheoCompass project template from the My Apps, More page and
Add the Tests imported from the ORX.

Next, Replace the Test definition therein with the test definition of Rheoplus
(see 4.2.4.4, "Assign Imported Tests to the Standard Project Template").

2. Use the imported project and add the missing windows (see 4.2.4.3, "Directly
Open the Imported Project").

4.2.4.1 Prepare ORX Data

Before you start importing any ORX workbook, make sure to sort the data within
the ORX workbook first:

- Sort the data by test type; e.g. Amplitude_sweep.orx,

Frequency_sweep.orx, FlowCurve.orx

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- It is not strictly necessary to sort the data by test type but it makes it easier
to re-define the Rheoplus-workbooks as RheoCompass-Projects

4.2.4.2 Importing ORX Workbooks

To import Workbooks (*.orx) from Rheoplus or Datapools (*.mph) from US200,

proceed as follows:

1. Click <RheoFinder>, <Projects>, Home, Import from Rheoplus

2. Select a single file or multiple ORX or MPH files, or even a folder to be

imported at once

A new project file will be created containing all measuring data and the test
definition (measurement window) of the ORX file.

3. To add the Test type to the imported file click Home, RheoFinder, Edit

The project is now in edit mode, which allows the properties of the project to
be set:

• open the Details pane and select the tab <Test type>
• assign a test type
• to close the edit mode click Home, RheoFinder, Save

4.2.4.3 Directly Open the Imported Project

Open the new project and define / add missing items such as diagrams and
tables.

Opening the project makes all ORX measurements available, as well as the
measurement definition. Diagrams, tables and analysis windows are not taken
over but can be easily added (see the following sections).

The Measurement Window of Rheoplus:

Items of the measurement window are automatically converted into

RheoCompass actions, as shown in Table 4.1: and Fig. 4 - 2.

To change the tab name of the test definition, double-click the tab 'View 1' and
change the name into 'Test'

Table 4.1: Conversion from Rheoplus to RheoCompass

Rheoplus / US200 RheoCompass

Temperature settings Device
Waiting before starting Wait
Measurement window Measurement

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Fig. 4 - 2 Conversion from Rheoplus to RheoCompass in detail

How to create the missing diagram(s):

1. Click on the second tab 'View 2'

2. Add an empty diagram from the Window ribbon

3. Select any measurement

4. Click Quick Curve in the ribbon

The diagram will adapt the axis settings to the selected curve

5. Alternatively a predefined diagram window with the same test type can be
selected in Window, New diagram

6. To change the tab name, double-click the tab 'View 2'

How to create the missing table:

1. Click on the second tab 'View 2' or select a separate tab for the table 'View 3'

2. Add a predefined table from Window, New table

3. To change the tab name double-click the tab 'View 3'

Auto-display:

Define the data to be displayed automatically while a test is running:

To make sure a new test is displayed automatically, use the setting for Auto-
display. This is an individual setting for each window.

4.2.4.4 Assign Imported Tests to the Standard Project Template

Alternatively, open any Anton Paar Project template from the My Apps, More
page and Add the imported tests using the function Home, Test, Add.

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This opens up a ready-to-use RheoCompass project with all settings and

windows. The tests are added manually by using the ribbon function Add.

To replace the default Test definition therein with any test definition stored in the
imported ORX tests, click Test, Replace test definition by test:

4.3 Templates

Templates are available for complete projects, macros, procedures, views,

schemes and windows of type diagram, table or report. A view can contain one or
multiple windows of different types. The project templates are shown in the App
Manager in the category "New project". The other templates are shown as a list
to select from when you create a new window or view. All templates are filtered
by test type. To change or assign a test type, edit the template in the RheoFinder.

4.3.1 Project Templates

New project templates are generated from existing projects or project templates.

1. To create a new project template from a project, open an existing project

or project template, e.g. one of the project templates from the My Apps
category.

2. Move data that you want to keep with the project template to "References".
To do this highlight the test you want to move and go to the "Home" ribbon.
In the ribbon bar "Test, Result" click the button "Move to references". Only
tests in the reference area will be stored with the project template.

3. Go to the home button. Select "Save as > Save as project template" from
the application menu. Enter a name for the project template and click
"Save".

4. If necessary, move back the test from the references to the list of tests with
"Move to project tests". In case you want to make further changes to the
project template, continue with the next step, otherwise skip to step 7.

5. Close the currently opened project.

6. Go to the RheoFinder and select "Project templates" in the category

"Templates". Find the new template in the list and highlight it. Click Edit in
the Ribbon RheoFinder to open the project template in edit mode.

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7. Make all required changes to the project template and click Rh, Close to
save and close the project template.

8. Enter any additional information you might require in the details Pane. For
automatic naming of the projects generated from this project template, enter
a text and/or placeholders in the field "Project name". For example, enter a
suitable name and the placeholder for consecutive numbers.
To keep users from collecting an unlimited amount of data in one single
project, you may enable the option "Limit test number" and enter a suitable
maximum number of tests per project that is created from this template.

9. To start or close the project automatically, activate the respective option in

the tab "Automation".

By default, all new project templates are shown in the category My Apps. "Test
types and Tags".

4.3.2 Using the Project Templates

To create a new project click the My Apps category in the navigation. This will
display the App Manager. To create a new project select the My Apps category
in the Navigation pane and click More Apps in the App Manager. Next click the
red name of the project template to open up the template of your choice. For more
information please refer to the manual Getting started.

4.3.3 Window, Scheme and View Templates

Templates can be created separately for automation windows, diagram windows,

report windows, table windows and schemes, as well as views. The view may
contain any of the presentation windows or a test definition. A test definition can
only be saved as a view.

Ensure that the window or view has all the required properties and click "Save as
template" in the ribbon bar "Window" or "View" respectively. The ribbon bars
can be found in the ribbon "Window".

By default, all new templates are shown for all test types. If you want to assign a
template to a certain test type, go to the tab "Test types and Tags".

Using Window and View Templates

The view or window template can be selected in the list that is shown, if you press
the button "New View" in the ribbon bar "View" or "New xx" (xx = type of
window) in the ribbon bar "Window" of the project.

In case, the template you are looking for is not shown, enable the option "Show
incompatible...".

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4.3.4 Scheme Templates

Scheme templates are used in the diagram. The scheme defines the sequence
of colors and markers. In the Scheme templates category, a matrix of colors and
markers can be defined for the tests and variables shown in the diagram.

4.4 Recycle Bin

The recycle bin contains all projects and tests that have been deleted during the
operation of RheoCompass™. It is not emptied automatically to avoid accidental
loss of data. To restore any test or project, select the recycle bin in the navigation
and highlight the item in the list. Then click "Restore selected" in the ribbon bar
"Recycle Bin".

The button "Empty recycle bin" deletes all items in the recycle bin. Items deleted
from the recycle bin cannot be retrieved. The recycle bin should be emptied
regularly.

4.5 Procedures

The Procedure action is used to combine multiple actions in one. Thus,

frequently used actions can be combined in a single procedure to prepare a test
or to finish a test. It is a kind of "black box" containing multiple steps.

Use the Procedure designer to define a procedure. To update the local copy of
the procedure in a test definition, click the ribbon button Test, Procedure,
Replace by original.

For more information on Procedures, see the chapter Short instruction for the
Procedure.

1. Creating a Procedure Using the Procedure Designer:

Close any open projects before opening the procedure designer. To create a
procedure independently of a project, go to the RheoFinder and highlight the
entry "Procedures (for tests)" in the category "Procedures and Macros". If you
do not see this category, click "More..." to expand the navigation pane. Click
"New" in "RheoFinder > Item". Enter a name for the procedure in the details
pane and add the actions as required. Instead of single actions, the entries listed
under "Measurement and Preparation Templates" or "Analysis Templates"
may be used. Make sure to edit the actions as well. Once you are done, return to
the ribbon "RheoFinder" and click "Save" in the ribbon bar "Item". If you click
"Cancel", all changes will be discarded, but the new procedure is stored in the
database. In some cases it may be necessary to allow the user to select one or
several parameters to make sure that the procedure is executed correctly in a
test. To give the user access to a parameter, go to the tab "Details Visibility" and
define the Visibility of the Procedure parameter.

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2. Creating a Procedure from a Project:

To save a test definition as a procedure, select the ribbon "Test" in the open
project and click "Save as procedure" in the ribbon bar "Action". Then enter a
name for the new procedure and click "Save". The dialog box shows the
procedures that are already available in the database. To edit the procedure or its
properties, go to the RheoFinder. Saving single actions of a test definition is not
supported. Use the Procedure designer (see 1.) for editing procedures.

Assigning:
By default, all new procedures are shown for all test types. If you want to assign
a procedure to a certain test type, go to the tab "Test types".

Using:
To add a procedure to a test definition switch to the toolbox in the navigation, if
this is not already selected. Then click "Measurement and Preparation
Procedures" and drag the procedure into the correct place in the test definition.
You may also use the button "Insert" in "Test > Action" instead. In case you do
not see the procedure you are looking for, enable the option "Show incompatible
procedures and actions". To limit the number of items shown to those that you
have created, change to "Show user-defined items" in the drop-down list above
the option.

4.6 Macros

The Macro action is used to combine analysis steps. It is a kind of "black box"
containing multiple Analysis steps.

Use the Macro designer in the RheoFinder to define a new macro or to edit any
existing macro.

To update a local copy of the macro which is part of a test definition open the
referring project and click the ribbon button Analysis, Analysis Macro, Replace
by original. The Macro in the Test definition is then replaced by the Macro
listed in the RheoFinder with the same Name and ID.

For more information on Macros, see the chapter Short instruction for the
Macro.

4.6.1 Macro Details (Tab Macro in Editing Mode)

The tab "Name, Info" allows to enter the name for the macro which is used in all
lists and also for the selection of the macro in a test.

The information in the text field in the tab "Macro Info" is shown when the user
points the mouse to the macro itself or the input data arrow and the output data
arrow respectively. Use these fields to provide additional information to the user
about what the function of the macro or what data it calculates.

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In general, a macro is working like a "black box" but in some cases it may be
necessary to allow the user to select one or several parameters to make sure that
the macro is executed correctly in a test. To give the user access to a parameter,
go to the tab "Visible Parameters", click the plus sign and select both analysis
step and variable. To delete a visible parameter, click the minus sign next to the
relevant line.

For a macro, automatic naming of the result data series is recommended. This
setting is made in the tab "Result Name". Enter the text, a placeholder or a
combination of both in the text field. To select a placeholder, click the button {},
highlight the required placeholder and click <Insert>.

The settings in the tab "Diagram variables" allow to predefine the variables that
are used for the analysis result, if the function "Quick Curve" is used. Select the
variables from the list. To add more variables, use the plus sign; to remove a
variable, click the minus sign next to the line that you wish to delete.

To edit an existing macro, double-click the entry in the RheoFinder.

4.6.2 Handling

1. Creating a Macro Using the Macro Designer:

To create a macro independently of a project, go to the RheoFinder and highlight
the entry "Macros" in the category "Procedures and Macros". If you do not see
this category, click "More..." to expand the navigation pane. Click "New" in
"RheoFinder > Item". Enter a name for the macro in the details pane and add
the analysis steps as required. Once you are done, return to the ribbon
"RheoFinder" and click "Save" in the ribbon bar "Item". If you click "Cancel",
all changes will be discarded, but the new macro is stored in the database.

2. Creating a Macro from a Project:

To create a macro from certain Analysis steps contained in a Test definition of a
Project, select single steps and hold the Shift or CTRL key. Now select the ribbon
"Analysis" in the open project and click "Save as macro" in the ribbon bar
"Analysis Step". Then enter a name for the new macro and click "Save". The
dialog box shows the macros that are already available in the database. To edit
the macro or its properties, go to the RheoFinder and open the Macro in the
Procedure designer.

Assigning:
By default, a new macro is shown for all test types. If you want to assign a macro
to certain test types, go to the tab "Test types".

The macro group is selected in the tab "Name, Info". Click the drop-down list
"Analysis Group" and select the entry most suitable for the new macro. The
group is useful to limit the number of macros shown for selection in a test.

Using:
A macro is inserted into an analysis action in the same way as an analysis
method. If the analysis already contains one step or several, highlight the step

C01IB003EN-E 49
4 RheoFinder

that should be before or after the one that you want to add. Click "Insert before"
or "Insert after" and select the macro from the list. To limit the number of methods
and macros in the list, click the drop-down list "Analysis groups" and select the
suitable group. In case you do not see the macro you are looking for, enable the
option "Show incompatible procedures and actions".

4.7 Job Lists

The Job list is a tool for Automation of measurements which allows to combine
different Projects with different Tests types and Test definitions. Use the Job
list to execute a list of predefined projects automatically one after the other.

To add a new Job list item

- Select the category <Job lists> in the RheoFinder

- Click New in the ribbon RheoFinder

- Change the Name, Info of the new job accordingly in the Details pane

- Double click the new list entry to open the Job list.

Common parameter are defined by clicking the header called Common. These
settings are used for all steps.

To define actions before or after a job click the button in the Job list.

After setting up the common parameter insert one or multiple steps to define the
Project template being used for the test execution, the project name and the test
name created therefrom. Pre-Job and Post-job actions can be defined for each
individual step. Use the ribbon buttons Move up, Move down or Delete to edit
the steps.

To start a job click the button Start job list in the ribbon Job list, Operation and
to Stop the Job list click the Stop button accordingly.

4.8 Logbook (Audit Trail)

The logbook (audit trail) lists all events that occur in the software, the type of
events that are stored in the logbook can be set in Chapter 2.2.1, "Logging
Options".

To control the amount of information shown in the logbook, use the options and
the drop-down list in the ribbon bar "Filter" in the "Logbook" ribbon. For more
information on logbook (audit trail) have a look at Chapter 10.7, "Logbook (Audit
Trail)" of this manual.

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4.9 Filters

Filters allow to search the RheoFinder -by data type- using well-defined
properties of the items you are looking for.

4.9.1 Finding Data in the RheoFinder

The RheoFinder allows a detailed search for the various data types of the
software. For a quick search, highlight the data type, e.g. "Projects" in the
RheoFinder and enter the search term into the field in the upper right corner of
the navigation pane. The software will automatically show entries that contain the
search term in their name.

Instead of entering the search term, you may select a predefined filter from the
drop-down list next to the search field. The drop-down list only shows those filters
that have been created for the data type in question. To create a new filter, click
the button "New Filter". Filters may be created for any of the data-types listed in
the RheoFinder as well as for "Setup" items or properties set inside a project. It
is, for example, possible to filter for all projects that have been used with a certain
configuration or apply a filter directly when opening a project.

4.9.2 Creating a Filter

1. If you are already viewing the list of items that you want to filter, click the
drop-down list of the search field in the upper right corner of the presentation
pane and click "New Filter".
To create a filter for any data type, click "More" in the navigation pane and
find the entry "Filters". Highlight the entry and click "New" in the
"RheoFinder" ribbon bar. Then select the data type or property and click
<OK>.

2. Enter a name and, if required, an additional description for the new filter. The
application area for the filter is shown next to the name. This information will
later be listed in the presentation pane.

3. Select from the drop-down list whether all or any of the conditions (rule
groups) should be matched whenever the filter is used. If you select "All",
the filter will only display those items that fulfill all conditions; if "One" is
selected, the filter will list the items that have at least one of the defined
properties.

4. To filter for single properties, e.g. part of the test name and the operator
name, one set of rule groups is sufficient. Select the filter criterion and the
rule from the list and enter the text you want to search for. As with the rule
groups, select whether the filter should look for all or any criterion.

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4 RheoFinder

5. Click the +-sign to add a second rule or criterion, if required. If you do not
need more filter levels, you are done now. Otherwise, continue with the
following step.

6. To set up nested filters, use the rule groups additionally to the filter rules. For
each rule group, set up the filter rules as described above. Click the +-sign to
the very right in the details Pane to add another rule group to the filter.

4.10 App Manager

Use the App Manager in the category My Apps to find the project template that
best suits your needs. Simply filter the wide number of available default and user-
defined templates by My Apps, More Apps, Examples or Verification &
Adjustment templates.

The App Manager finds the perfect template for your application – based on your
individual input.

To show project templates for specific applications, use the ribbon category from
the ribbon category Home, App Manager.

Place the mouse pointer on the 'Application mode' item to see a tooltip with further
information.

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5 The Actions
The actions are the components of a test definition. Depending on the settings,
they are carried out one after the other during the execution of a test or accessed,
if certain conditions are fulfilled during the test.

The test definition can contain any number of actions in any required combination.
For quality control or routine purposes, the test definition can contain the full
description of all steps from the initialization of the device to the final printout of
the measurement report.

Each action shows the function name, e.g. "Measurement", and a text field that
can be edited to give the user more information. Further, each action shows a
quick info whose contents can also be edited, if required.

5.1 Action Start

The Start action is used to enter Information about the test and to start the test
using the Start test icon.

Special settings in the details pane:

1. In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and the Info shown when the mouse
cursor is over the action should be defined.

2. In <Picture, title, buttons> the following items can be defined:

1. Picture to be shown in the bubble of the action

2. Title text of the action

3. Buttons

a. Abort test: Show this button to allow any user to abort a test

b. Skip: Show this button to allow any user to skip the Current action and
proceed with the next action

c. Continue: Show this button to prompt any user to press the button
continue in order to execute the defined function. Use case: Wait for Continue
until moving to the measuring position.

3. In <Instruction> an instruction is defined to be displayed in the bubble during

runtime.

4. In <Test name input> a name for the current test is defined.

• Use an Empty name field in the Details pane if the Name changes each
time you open the project for further measurements. The name being used for the
last time is remembered within one session.

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5 The Actions

• Use a predefined name in the Details pane if the first part of the name is
always the same.

Example(s):

Default test Behavior at test start

name in
Details pane
Empty 1st test: The edit field is empty and the user does not enter a
name. The test name Test 1 is being used.
2nd test: The name from the previous test is taken over and a
consecutive number is added -> Test 2
3rd test: The name from the previous test is taken over and a
consecutive number is added -> Test 3
...
Empty 1st test: The edit field is empty and the user enters a name,
e.g. abc. The test name abc 1 is being used.
2nd test: The name from the previous test is taken over and a
consecutive number is added -> abc 2
3rd test: The user enters a new name Coating abc 1. The
name is taken over and a consecutive number is added ->
Coating abc 1
4th test: The name from the previous test is taken over and a
consecutive number is added -> Coating abc 2
...
Predefined 1st test: The edit field contains the name Creme and the user
name; e.g., does not change this name. The test name Creme 1 is being
Creme used.
2nd test: The predefined name is taken over is taken over and
a consecutive number is added -> Creme 2
3rd test: The predefined name is taken over is taken over and
a consecutive number is added -> Creme 3
…
Predefined 1st test: The edit field contains the name Creme and the user
name; e.g., changes the name into Creme white. The test name Creme
Creme white 1 is being used.
2nd test: The predefined name is taken over and a
consecutive number is added -> Creme 2
3rd test: The predefined name is taken over and a
consecutive number is added -> Creme 3
…

5. In <Additional inputs> any additional input parameter can be defined to be

show in the bubble of the start action.

Parameter settings of the additional inputs:

Checkmark Meaning
Input field is shown at
runtime

54 C01IB003EN-E
 5 The Actions

Checkmark Meaning
User can change input
at runtime

Input is required; field

must not be empty

By default the following additional inputs are predefined in most project templates:

1. Name of the test

2. Operator

3. Sample

4. Batch no.

5. Description

Fig. 5 - 1 Additional inputs in the start dialog

Use the Action Input to add any additional input at any position in the test
definition.

5.2 Action Measurement

The Measurement action is used to define the measuring profile. In combination

with a Start and an End action this is the core of a test definition.

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5 The Actions

Fig. 5 - 2 Basic test definition

Most functions of the Measurement action are found in the Ribbon

Measurement. Move the mouse point over the ribbon item for additional
information about the ribbon function.

Test Type of the Project or Project Template

Each project has a property called Test type. The Test type is used to provide
macros, diagrams, tables and other items compatible to the Test type. The Test
type is taken from the Project template. To edit the Test type, select
<RheoFinder>, <Projects>, Ribbon RheoFinder, Item, Edit, Details pane,
<Test type> and select the Test type according to the settings in the
Measurement action. It is advisable not to change the Test type of an existing
project. For defining a new or user-defined Test, open a new Project template, e.g.
<New Project>, '* Any test type | Empty project'.

Add or Delete Set Variable to the Measurement Action

To Add or Delete a Set variable select any variable and click Ribbon
Measurement, Set Variable, Add or Delete. Typical variables that can be added
to an existing Test type without changing the meaning of the Test type are
accessory variables such as:

• Temperature
• Voltage
• Humidity
• Gap
• Normal force

Intervals

To Add a new interval, click Ribbon function Measurement, Interval Insert or

Append. To Delete an interval select the specific interval and click Ribbon
function Measurement, Interval, Delete. To Move intervals, use the Move right
and Move left buttons in Ribbon Measurement, Interval.

56 C01IB003EN-E
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In RheoCompass, complex measuring jobs are often defined in a vertical

workflow by combining several measurement actions with a more comfortable
data structure. Each result is identified by the name of the measurement action.

Fig. 5 - 3 Combined measurement actions

In contrast, in Rheoplus multiple measuring jobs were combined in intervals by

using a horizontal workflow. The main issue here was that the user needed to
separate the data for presentation and analysis, although it was not clear which
interval contained which measuring data. Further data processing was essential
for separating the intervals for post analysis.

Table 5.2: Measurement with many intervals

Settings in the Details Pane

Name, Info

To define the Name of a Measurement action select the Details pane and Name,
Info. Results are identified by the name of the Measurement action.

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5 The Actions

5.2.1 Set Values

Measuring Profile

Select the tab Set values to define the values of the set variables and the profile
type, such as:

• Constant

• A constant set value is controlled over time; typically used in a time test or
step test

• Linear ramp

• A value is increased from the initial value to the final value in x steps, where
x is the number of measuring points. The measuring points are evenly
distributed in a linear interpolation between the initial and final values.
Rheological settings are stepwise settings.

• Logarithmic ramp

• A value is increased from the initial value to the final value in x steps, where
x is the number of measuring points. The measuring points are distributed
in a logarithmic interpolation between the initial and final values.
Rheological settings are stepwise settings.

• Value list

• To define a fixed number of values such as a shear rate of 1, 5 and 10 s-1,

use the value list.

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TIP: Use the same number of measuring points as the number of values in the list.
Otherwise the values will be interpolated accordingly, which is not the expected
behavior.

Fig. 5 - 4 Measurement

Fig. 5 - 5 Value list

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5 The Actions

• Value from result

• Use the value from result to define the set value based on an analysis
result.
• Example:
- Measurement, amplitude sweep
- Analysis, LVE-range with proposal for shear-strain setting
- Measurement, frequency sweep with strain selected as value from result

Fig. 5 - 6 Project template

Fig. 5 - 7 Test definition

Fig. 5 - 8 Value from result

5.2.1.1 Additional Settings

TwinDrive Mode

Select the tab Set values and click the expander Additional settings to define
the Twin drive mode for the set variables used in this interval. Use the [+] symbol
to add any Additional setting.

There are two TwinDrive modes:

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• In Separate motor transducer mode, the upper drive is brought to a fixed

position and operated solely as a torque or force transducer, while the lower
drive is used as an actuator.

• In Counter-movement mode, the set variable of type 'Shear' or 'Extension'

is achieved by a counter movement of the two drives in opposing directions.

If <None> is selected, the fall-back mode is Separate motor transducer if not

otherwise defined in a Setting action.

5.2.2 Duration and Data Generation

Select the tab Set values to define the Number of measuring points, the
measuring-point duration and the Set value.

Here are some examples of setting the measuring-point duration and data
generation:

5.2.2.1 Rotational Tests, Standard Setting

• Settings used for Steady (rotational) measurements with Constant

measuring-point duration
• Duration: constant, automatic data generation
• Example:

Fig. 5 - 9 Fixed measuring-point duration: A measuring point is generated

after 10 s (example)

Fig. 5 - 10 Automatic data generation

• Adjusting time:
- Automatic (recommended): With "automatic adjusting time", the set shear
rate is adjusted as quickly as possible and kept constant until the
measuring point is generated. The maximum adjusting time is limited to
30 % of the measuring-point duration if > 0.1 s. For measuring-point
durations < 0.1 s the maximum adjusting time is 0 s. Without any time
setting the maximum adjusting time is 5 s. The maximum adjusting time is
automatically reduced to allow a measuring-point generation within the
user-defined measuring-point duration.
• Averaging:
- Automatic (recommended): With "automatic" averaging, the raw data of the
last 50 % of the measuring-point duration is used for building the
measuring point. In this example, averaging will start after 5 s with
automatic settings.

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5 The Actions

• Objective: The settings are recommended for most steady (rotational)

measurements except for samples with transient behavior.
• Settings used for Steady (rotational) measurements with constant
measuring-point duration
• Duration: constant, averaging over relative point duration
• Example:

Fig. 5 - 11 Fixed measuring-point duration: A measuring point is generated

after 10 s (example)

Fig. 5 - 12 Automatic data generation

• Adjusting time:
- Automatic (recommended): With "automatic" adjusting time, the set shear
rate is adjusted as quickly as possible and kept constant until the
measuring point is generated. The maximum adjusting time is limited to
30 % of the measuring-point duration if > 0.1 s. For measuring-point
durations < 0.1 s, the maximum adjusting time is 0 s. Without any time
setting, the maximum adjusting time is 5 s. The maximum adjusting time is
automatically reduced to allow a measuring-point generation within the
user-defined measuring-point duration.
• Averaging:
- Manual: With averaging over relative point duration, the raw data of the last
10 % of the measuring-point duration is used for building the measuring
point. In this example, averaging will start after 9 s.
• Objective: The settings are recommended for samples showing transient
behavior. For transient samples, the viscosity is a function of the time at a
given constant shear rate. As a consequence, averaging should not start
too early.

Fig. 5 - 13 Samples with transient behavior

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5.2.2.2 Rotational Tests, Transient Samples, Steady-State Sensing

Settings used for rotational measurements with measuring-point duration by

steady state. Use one of the predefined project templates from the 'More apps'
category of the App Manager to perform a test in steady-state mode.

Steady-state actions:

- A measuring point will be generated if a predefined variable (e.g., viscosity)

becomes constant. Use case 1: Flow curve.

- Go to the next interval if a predefined variable (e.g., gamma) has a constant

slope. Use case 2: Creep test.

Use Case 1: Measurement of a Viscosity Curve

A measuring point is generated if the viscosity is constant.

Typical use case:

• Apply a stepwise shear-rate ramp and wait for the viscosity to become
constant.
• Then generate a measuring point if the viscosity is constant.

Typical project template:

Set variable:

Duration: by steady state

Time-out: Maximum time until a measuring point is created (if steady state is not
reached)

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Settings with 'Auto-detect':

'User-defined' settings:

Visualization of settings:

64 C01IB003EN-E
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Measurement:

Use Case 2: Creep Test

Measurement of a creep test. The creep interval is finished if the slope of the
shear strain becomes constant.

Typical use case:

• Apply a constant shear stress and wait for slope of the shear strain to
become constant.
• Then set the current interval and step to the next interval. If this is the last
interval then finalize the test.

Typical project template:

Set variable:

Duration: by steady state

Point density defined by: point duration and number of points, where the number
of points depends on the steady-state duration.

Time-out: number x point duration = 1000 x 1 s = 10,000 s

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5 The Actions

Settings with 'Auto-detect':

'User-defined' settings:

Measurement:

5.2.2.3 Rotational Tests, Elastic Samples

• Settings used for Steady (rotational) measurements with variable

measuring-point duration
• Duration: Logarithmic change in measuring-point duration, averaging over
relative point duration
• Example:

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Fig. 5 - 14 Fixed measuring-point duration: A measuring point is generated

after 10 s (example)

Fig. 5 - 15 Automatic data generation

Fig. 5 - 16 Logarithmic shear-rate ramp

• Adjusting time
- Automatic (recommended): With "automatic" adjusting time, the set shear
rate is adjusted as quickly as possible and kept constant until the
measuring point is generated.
• Averaging
- Manual: With averaging over relative point duration, the raw data of the last
10 % of the measuring-point duration is used for building the measuring
point. In this example, averaging will start after 90 s or 0.045 s.
• Objective: The settings are recommended for samples showing transient
behavior and for samples showing edge effects at higher shear rates. For
transient samples, the viscosity is a function of time at a given constant
shear rate. As a consequence, averaging should not start too early.

Fig. 5 - 17 Samples with transient behavior

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5.2.2.4 Oscillatory Tests, Strain-Controlled

• Settings used for dynamic (oscillatory) measurements with strain control

• Duration:
- Amplitude and frequency sweeps: No measuring-point duration (None)
- Time and temperature sweeps: Constant measuring-point duration
• Make sure the constant measuring-point duration is long enough to
allow the adjustment of the set shear-strain value and to build a
measuring point. If you are not sure about the measuring-point duration,
use the following steps to calculate it:
• The time for a single cycle is t_cycle = 1 / f.
- Example at 1 Hz: t_cycle = 1 s
- Example at 0.1 Hz: t_cycle = 10 s
• It takes several cycles to adjust the amplitude. We recommend setting
a time of:
- t_mp = 10 * t_cycle at about 1 Hz (10 s)
- t_mp = 6 * t_cycle at about 0.1 Hz and below (60 s)
• Shorter times may result in invalid or noisy measuring points. To avoid
invalid points the maximum adjusting time can be set to exactly 0 s.
• Alternative / faster solution: Beside the direct-strain amplitude controller
we also offer the so-called TruStrain™ controller, which allows much
higher sampling rates and therefore shorter measuring-point durations.
• Adjusting time: The adjustment takes as long as it is necessary to reach
the set value (1 % of the set strain) or until the maximum adjusting time is
reached. If the wrong type of measuring system is chosen, the timeout is
activated until a measuring point is generated.
- Automatic (recommended): The automatic mode can be changed by the
user but in most cases there is no improvement of the measuring data by
changing the averaging to manual settings. Use the table below to get an
idea of the time needed to build a measuring point. The maximum adjusting
time is automatically reduced to allow a measuring-point generation within
the user-defined measuring-point duration.
- Maximum adjusting time in TruStrain oscillation

Frequency Maximum adjusting time

f > = 10 Hz 4 s within the tolerance
10 > f > = 0.5 Hz @10 Hz: 4 s within the tolerance
>0.1 Hz linear interpolated max. adjusting time
@0.5 Hz: 13 s within the tolerance
0.5 Hz > f @0.5 Hz: 13 s within the tolerance
>0.0001 Hz linear interpolated max. adjusting time
@0.0001 Hz: 16000 s within the tolerance

• Averaging: The averaging time for a data point depends very much on the
set frequency.
- Automatic (recommended): The following table shows the definition being
used in 'auto' mode (TruStrain). The automatic mode can be changed by
the user, but in most cases there is no improvement of the measuring data
by changing to manual settings.

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- Periods used for averaging in TruStrain™ oscillation

Frequency [Hz] Periods

> = 50 50
2 < = f < 50 50 periods at 50Hz
in-between linear interpolation
1 Period at 2Hz
2 > 1 (linear interpolation)
<2 1

- Example for averaging time

Frequency Angular Periods Averaging time

[Hz] frequency [s] = 1 / Frequency * Periods
[rad/s]
100 628 50 0.5
50 314 50 1
20 125 16 0.8
10 62.8 7 0.7
5 31.4 3 0.6
2 12.5 1 0.5
1 6.28 1 1
0.5 3.14 1 2
0.2 1.25 1 5
0.1 0.628 1 10
0.01 0.0628 1 100
0.001 0.00628 1 1000 (= 16 min)
0.0001 0.000628 1 10,000 (= 2.7 h)
... ... 1 ...

Example of manual settings in RheoCompass:

In some critical sample measurements, the quality of dynamic data could be

improved by selecting the following manual time settings:
• 7 s for the highest frequency
• 6 periods for the lowest frequency (e.g. for 100 Hz -> 7 s and for 0.01 Hz
-> 600 s in a log ramp)
• The maximum achieved tan (delta) resolution would then be >1000
(at least 3.5 decades and, in the best case, 10,000)

Fig. 5 - 18 Example of manual settings in RheoCompass

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5 The Actions

TIP: More than 99 % of all samples are measured using the default settings for data
generation. If you generate noisy data, check that you are using the right
measuring system. Users often change the default settings of the standard Anton
Paar templates, but then do not see any major improvement of the data quality.
We recommend using an alternative measuring system as a first choice.

Recommended Use a standard template of the rheometer software

High frequency Use a measuring system with a larger diameter, smaller
cone angle (CPxx-y) or set a smaller gap (e.g. for a PPxx,
set a gap of 0.5 mm instead of 1 mm; or use a PP50 or
even a PP60 instead of a smaller plate).
Low frequency Use a measuring system with a larger diameter, or choose
a stress-controlled frequency sweep, which allows
excellent measurements at lowest frequencies, ensuring
good signal quality.
Surface Avoid sample slip by using sandblasted (/S) or serrated
measuring systems (/P3)

5.2.3 Event Control

Select the tab Event control to define Reactions and Events. The following
events are available:

• Stop measurement execution

• A measurement is stopped if the defined event becomes true

• The test definition is not stopped and the test will continue with the next
action

• Step forward by x interval(s)

• Finish the current interval and start with another interval if the event
becomes true

• Loop over interval(s)

• Loop over a certain number of intervals until the event becomes true (if
variable has a certain value) or for a fixed number of times (if end of interval
is reached)
• Alternative: Use the Action Go to, to define a looped measurement within
the test definition (see Chapter 5.7, "Action Go To")

• Output a message beep

Example: Event control is used to stop a measurement if a certain value is

reached; for example, during a curing reaction or in a temperature sweep.

5.2.4 Options

Select the tab Options to define whether a temperature ramp is set as continuous
or stepwise.

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5.2.5 Harmonics

Select the tab Harmonics to define and read higher harmonics during a dynamic
measurement. Examples can be found in the following project templates:

Fig. 5 - 19 LAOS template

Fig. 5 - 20 Multiwave template

5.2.6 Maximum Number of Intervals

The limitation does not come from RheoCompass, but rather from the protocol
sent to the device which is limited in its memory for processing all the commands.

The maximum number of intervals a MCR can process depends on:

• device type

• firmware version

• test type (number of set and read variables); Example 1: Test with "n",
Example 2: Test with gamma/frequency/NF/event control.

Alternative test definition:

• test definition with multiple measurement actions and go to action (loop)

• measurement with Loop over intervals (Event control)

• joblist

Example of an MCRxx2 with FW3.90:

Limitation for a basic measurement: 56 intervals

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5 The Actions

Limitation for a more complex measurement: 43 intervals

5.2.7 Definition of a Multiwave Test

In RheoCompass, in version 1.13 and later, two Multiwave templates and one
example template are included in the App Manager. The templates are called
Multiwave...

1. Define the base wave and the strain

Make sure the time per measuring point is at least t_MP = 6/(omega*2*PI)

2. Define the harmonics

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3. Prepare a table window with the relevant physical variables of the harmonics

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5 The Actions

4. Define additional windows for the harmonics

Further screenshots:

Diagrams with harmonics:

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Tables with harmonics:

5.2.8 Creating a Value List in RheoCompass

Example: Determining the viscosity of a sample at shear rate of 1, 5 and 10s-1.

How can the data be processed using RheoCompass in such a way as to provide
the viscosity reading at a specified shear rate?

Open the project, click on Measurement ribbon, open the action Measurement,
enlarge Details, open Set values and the Profile drop down and select Value
list. A window will open and the preferred values can be typed in.

TIP The number of points measured should be equal to the number of values on the
list. Otherwise, the values will be interpolated, which is not the expected behavior.

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Measurement:

Value list:

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5.2.9 Measuring Raw Signals

There are three options for measuring raw signals using RheoCompass:

1. Use the built-in project templates to perform LAOS measurements

providing All types of LAOS variables. This is the recommended Comfort
function for LAOS recording.

- There is no limitation in the number of recorded cycles.

- Raw data is provided for the measuring point only, and not as a continuous
stream. This is therefore not useful for transient waveform analysis.

• The normal force signal is not provided as LAOS data

Templates for LAOS

Some calculated variables

Lissajous figures and waveform diagrams

2. Use the built-in project template to perform Transient LAOS measurements

with Continuous recording of raw variables.

• A limited number of cycles is recorded (about 4)

• A continuous stream of raw data cycles is provided (all cycles are recorded)

• The normal force signal is provided.

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5 The Actions

• Raw-data sine-wave generator and continuous measurement of Transient

LAOS with real-time recording of all cycles, even NF. This new features does
not require the Waveform license feature.

- Auto-create with parameters

• Waveform type (currently only sine)
• Offset value
• Amplitude
• Number of values per period
• Number of periods
- Click on Clear list and generate values, which creates a list containing the
automatically created sinusoidal values
- New Project template Waveform, sine generator (raw data)
- Example of four cycles with 4 x 256 data points:

Template:

Example:

Waveform generator:

Note: The number of values is limited. An error may occur at test start if the
command is too long.

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LAOS transient:

3. Use a Signal spy for output of Device variables at the analogue ports of an
MCR with TwinDrive.

5.2.10 Definition of a Signal Spy to Read an Analogue Raw

Signal

Single Drive MCR

The analogue output provides Uncorrected device variables which are not of
any use for rheological investigations using a single drive MCR rheometer. The
data is Uncorrected including Inertia and without Stabilization. It can not be
used for any LAOS investigations. Only the data provided in RheoCompass can
be used for such analysis (512 raw data points per measuring point).

TwinDrive MCR

It is advisable to use these ports only in combination with the TwinDrive

rheometer with two Separate motors. The Device variables supported by the
software are dependent on Software and Device firmware version. We
recommend updating to the latest versions for full functionality.

Installation of Signal Spy

Typically the analog ports are used to Control analogue accessories.

For reading the Raw data from any motor:

- Install a Signal spy

- Select a Device variable with Factor and Offset
- Select the Signal spy in the Configuration and assign it to one of the
Analogue ports AN1...AN4

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5 The Actions

A Signal spy is used to define the Device variable output of a selected analog
port AN1...AN4. The MCR offers four ports in total with a maximum of four
different device variables to be assigned to these ports.

Installation of the signal spy:

Change the factor according to the signal strength:

Setup of the measuring set configuration:

Technical Details:

The MCR has Multi-purpose analogue connectors, AN1...AN4 (M1, M2), with an
analog output of ±10 V (with 16 bit resolution).

The time interval of the data output is 100 ms.

All Device variables are based on SI units [Nm, rad, …]. For other units, the
factor should be changed accordingly.

Normal force:

Offset = 32768

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 5 The Actions

Factor = -3.0524e-4

Encoder signal A and B:

1.0

The output voltage is calculated as:

UBNC = Offset + Factor * DSP Size value * (10 V / 10,000)

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5 The Actions

5.3 Action Analysis

The Analysis action is used to define the an automated analysis based on the
<Next test>. The analysis is executed as part of the test definition.

Placeholders such as <Next test> and placeholders for various results of the test
definition such as:

• <All results>

• <All measuring results>

• <All analysis results>

• <Last measuring results>

• <Last analysis result>

• <All results of an analysis action>

allow a flexible programming of the input data for automated analysis even in
looped measurements. As default the Last measuring result of the Next test is
chosen.

Design
of the
analysis

Input data Click link to define the input data or drag and drop to input
Result Click link to define the result data
data
Step Steps are used in analysis definitions to combine multiple
analysis methods. Each step could have temporary or
permanent result. The temporary results are typically taken over
as input data for any of the following steps. Drag and drop the
output of any step to the input of the other step to create a
connecting line for defining the input data.
Method A Method is a Basic analysis method.
Macro A Macro is a ready to use Analysis macro consisting of one or
multiple analysis methods. For more information on Macros,
have a look at the section in this chapter.

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5.4 Action Camera

Use the action Camera to start recording a Video or Pictures during a

measurement.

In practice two actions are needed: The first Camera action prior to the
Measurement to Start recording and a second Camera action after the
Measurement action to Stop recording.:

Fig. 5 - 21 Action Camera

Special settings in the details pane:

1. In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and the Info shown when the mouse
cursor is over the action should be defined.

2. In <Camera action> the mode is defined. Modes:

• Start recording video

- Limit video by Duration or Size (MB)

• Stop recording video

• Start recording pictures

- Take picture When a measuring point is created
- Take picture In time intervals of x seconds

• Stop recording pictures

Fig. 5 - 22 Video options

Fig. 5 - 23 Picture options

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5 The Actions

3. In <Settings> the settings of the Video input device are defined.

Fig. 5 - 24 Device settings

5.5 Action Device

Special settings in the details pane:

1. In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and the Info shown when the mouse
cursor is over the action should be defined.

2. In <Picture, title, buttons> the following items can be defined:

1. Picture to be shown in the bubble of the action

2. Title text of the action

3. Buttons

a. Abort test: Show this button to allow any user to abort a test

b. Skip: Show this button to allow any user to skip the Current action and
proceed with the next action

c. Continue: Show this button to prompt any user to press the button
continue in order to execute the defined function. Use case: Wait for Continue
until moving to the measuring position.

3. In <Device functions> a function of the device can be defined. Some functions

are dependent on the device type or configuration and the firmware of the device.

Adjust drive inertia Use this function to adjust the Drive inertia of the device. The drive inertia
is adjusted without any measuring system connected to the quick connect
coupling.
It is highly recommended to adjust the inertia using the default parameter
settings:

The drive inertia is stored in the device and not in the software.

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 5 The Actions

Adjust measuring- Use this function to adjust the Measuring system inertia.
system inertia It is recommended to use the default parameter settings for adjusting the
inertia except for the magnetic coupling of the pressure cell.

The Measuring system inertia is stored in the software.

Special case: Use 1Hz and 100mrad for adjusting the inertia of the
magnetic coupling (pressure cell).
Adjust motor Use this function to adjust the motor of the rheometer.
It is recommended to execute this action as part of the predefined project
template found in the New template, Verification and adjustment
category of the App manager.

Detect zero-gap Use this function to detect the zero-gap of a parallel plate or cone & plate
measuring system.
Make sure the measuring system and the measuring cell have reached
the equilibrium temperature before starting the zero-gap routine.
Initialize device A device is initialized once after switching it on. This is typically done in
the Control panel.
Use this option to automatically initialize a device as part of a test
definition. It is recommend to define a separate test definition for
preparing the device for a series of measurements.
Move to loading Use this function to Lift the head of the measuring drive and Move to the
position loading position.
The loading position is typically used to load a new sample or for cleaning
the measuring system.

IMPORTANT NOTE: It is strongly recommended to Open the Quick

connect coupling before moving to the loading position.
CTD temperature control system: Make sure to open the cell or the
quick connect coupling of the measuring system before lifting the head of
the drive.
Move to measuring Use this function to Move to the measuring position. The trim position is
position overruled by this option.

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5 The Actions

Move to trim or Use this function to Move to the trim or measuring position. The trim
measuring position position is used depending on the measuring system type and the settings
in the measuring system: Setup, Measuring systems, <Positioning>,
Trim position mode. In Trim position the user is prompted to trim the
sample and to press Continue to move to the final Measuring position:

Move to waiting Use the function Move to waiting position to move to any position
position suitable for the application. Typically use case: After loading polymer
pellets the measuring cell is closed and the measuring positioned above
the sample, e.g. at 5 mm waiting position. After a certain equilibration time
the sample is molten and the final measuring position can be set using the
function Move to measuring position.

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Reset normal force Use this function to reset the normal force of the normal force sensor
located in the rheometer drive. Make sure a measuring system is
connected to the quick connect coupling.

The normal force is already reset to zero during the zero gap routine (PP,
CP) or while reading the Toolmaster data (SRF). Therefore this function is
seldom needed to reset the normal force.

Because of surface tension effects it is sometimes advisable to reset the

normal force in measuring position – after the sample has been loaded.
But please keep in mind that the contact angle changes during rotation
and edge effects may worsen the situation.

Additional information about measurements of the 1st normal stress

difference:
N1 measurements can be quite challenging. The main issue with N1
measurements is the fact that edge effects become dominant while N1
increases. This makes it almost impossible to determine rheologically
correct values for most paste like samples.

Surface tension and contact angle:

Filling is crucial. It has a major impact on the initial normal force at rest.

Do the following experiment to figure out the influence of filling and

surface tension:
Slightly underfill the measuring gap with water. As a result the normal
force becomes negative (-0.05 N)
whereas if correctly filled the normal force is 0 N.
Overfilling has a positive impact on the normal force – the normal force
becomes positive (+0.05 N).

If N1 is negative from the beginning the value stays negative on a sample

developing low N1 values. It may even happen that the filling situation
changes due to centrifugal forces during rotation. This may have an
impact on the contact angle and as a consequence may create a negative
offset of the normal force.
Best case studies:
We recommend to use polymer solutions such as PIB to proof the
capability of the MCR to measure N1.
Set PT100 input offset Use this function to define the Offset and Span of any PT100 sensor
and span connected to the PT100 port of the MCR. Offset and Span are stored in
the memory of the MCR and not in the software.
Important note: The Offset and Span is used for any PT100 connected to
the PT100 port once defined. Make sure to check if the parameter comply
with the PT100 currently being used.
Set thermo-couple Use this function to define the Offset and Span of any Thermocouple
input offset and span sensor connected to the TE port of the MCR. Offset and Span are stored
in the memory of the MCR and not in the software.
Important note: The Offset and Span is used for any thermocouple
connected to the TE port once defined. Make sure to check if the
parameter comply with the thermocouple currently being used.

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5 The Actions

Set start angle Use this function for Defining a start angle to define the position of the
quick connect coupling at test start. The function can be used to make
sure the mark on the coupling is facing the front of any other position. This
is handy in the case of using a UXF fixture or any other measuring system
requiring a predefined position.
While this function is used to Define the user angle another Device
action should follow to Move to the angle. This is done by the Move to
measuring position command.
Set value Use this function to Set any value and optionally Wait until the value is
reached.

Wait until value is reached is used to define a tolerance for the set value
(here 25°C +/- 0.2°C). The value must stay within the tolerance for the
defined Surveillance time (e.g. 60 s) until the action jumps to the next
action. If the Timeout is reached (e.g. 1000 s) the action is Terminated
by the Timeout.

Switch off accessory Use this function to Switch off any accessory connected to the MCR.

Use case: A test has been started in the late afternoon and to make sure
all temperature control devices are off once the test is finished this
function is used.
Set degauss Use this function to Start the degauss for any Magneto Cell MRD
accessory connected to the MCR. Variable to be set must be Current I.
Reset axial Use this function to set the value for the Axial compliance of the
compliance rheometer.

5.6 Action Export

Use the action Export to export Tests, a Report or a Table content. Several
export format are available such as xps, pdf, csv, xml depending on the element
to be exported.

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Fig. 5 - 25 Action Export as part of the test definition

Special settings in the details pane:

In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and the Info shown when the mouse
cursor is over the action should be defined.

In <Export>, the origin of data (type of window) as well as the export parameter
and formats are defined.

Export of any table in

the project

• Select the table no.

• Select the path
• Define a name or placeholders for the name
• Check or uncheck the "overwrite" option
Export of any report in
the project

• Select the format of the report (pdf or Microsoft xps)

• Select the report no.
• Select the path
• Define a name or placeholders for the name
Export of any test in
the project

• Select format of the test to be exported (*.xml)

• Select the test name (e.g. placeholder <Next test>
• Select the result of the test
• Select the path
• Define a name or placeholders for the name

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5 The Actions

List of place-holders

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 5 The Actions

5.7 Action Go To

The Go to action is used to repeat a measurement depending on the Condition

defined in the Go to action.

Special settings in the details pane:

• In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and a Info which is shown when
the mouse cursor is over the action should be defined.

• In <Going to> the target is defined.

• In <Condition> the condition is defined. There are four conditions:

The default Condition is End of value list or end of value is reached. The
Boolean result… conditions are used for specific loops based on analysis
actions mainly in combination with the asphalt grading.

1. Jump Always: Use this option to define an endless loop. Select this option
if you would like to stop the test manually.

2. Jump For a fixed number of times: Use this option to repeat the test for
a certain number of times.

3. Jump if A condition is fulfilled: Use this option to check if a variable (e.g.

temperature below 90° C) is within a certain limit. If the value is outside the
defined limit the loop is interrupted.

Fig. 5 - 26 Example

4. Jump Until a condition is fulfilled: Use this option to define a value list
(e.g. a temperature list). In each loop the next value is set (next temperature
of the defined list). An option is to Wait until the set value is reached and
Inside the predefined tolerance. Make sure the Abort after... value which
acts as a Safety criteria is set to a value suitable for your application. There
are five options for defining the values to be set:

- i. Set value using initial value, final value and increment whereas if the
final value is lower than the initial value the increment must be negative.

Fig. 5 - 27 Example

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5 The Actions

- ii. Set value using initial value, increment and direction based on a
Boolean result from a specific analysis action. This option is mainly used
for Asphalt grading and part of a special Project template.
- iii. Set value using value list: Click Edit to define the value list.

Fig. 5 - 28 Example

- iv. Set value using increment. Use this option only in combination with a
Stop criterion (Abort after…).

Fig. 5 - 29 Example

- v. Set value using increment and direction based on a Boolean result

from a specific analysis action. This option is mainly used for Asphalt
grading and part of a special Project template.

Wait until in tolerance is used to define a tolerance for the set value (here 20 °C
+/-0.2 °C). The value must stay within the tolerance for the defined Surveillance
time (e.g. 180 s) until the action jumps to the other action. If the Timeout is
reached (e.g. 1000 s) the action is Terminated by the Timeout.

Fig. 5 - 30 Example

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5.8 Action Information

The Information action is used to show instruction texts or media in form of a

video, picture or spoken text to the operator of the device.

Special settings in the details pane:

• In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and an Info which is shown when
the mouse cursor is over the action should be defined.

• In <Picture, title, buttons> the following items can be defined:

1. Media to be shown in the bubble of the action. The following media types are
available:

- Video (*.wmv)
- Picture (*.bmp, *.jpg, *.jpeg, *.gif)
- Audio/Sound (*.wav)

Any media selected from the Windows file system is presented automatically
during runtime. Picture and sound could be checked simultaneously.

2. Title text of the action

3. Buttons

- Abort test: Show this button to allow any user to abort a test
- Skip: Show this button to allow any user to skip the Current action and
proceed with the next action
- Continue: Show this button to prompt any user to press the button
continue in order to execute the defined function. Use case: Wait for
Continue until moving to the measuring position.

• In <Instruction> an instruction is defined to be displayed in the bubble

during runtime.

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5 The Actions

5.9 Action Input

The Start action is used to enter Information about the test and to start the test
using the Start test icon.

Special settings in the details pane:

1. In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and the Info shown when the mouse
cursor is over the action should be defined.

2. In <Picture, title, buttons> the following items can be defined:

• Picture to be shown in the bubble of the action

• Title text of the action
• Buttons
- a. Abort test: Show this button to allow any user to abort a test
- b. Skip: Show this button to allow any user to skip the Current action and
proceed with the next action
- c. Continue: Show this button to prompt any user to press the button
continue in order to execute the defined function. Use case: Wait for
Continue until moving to the measuring position.

3. In <Instruction> an instruction is defined to be displayed in the bubble during

runtime.

4. In <Additional inputs> any additional input parameter can be defined to be

show in the bubble of the start action.

Parameter settings of the additional inputs:

Checkmark Meaning
Input field is shown at
runtime

User can change input

at runtime

Input is required; field

must not be empty

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5.10 Action Print

In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and the Info shown when the mouse
cursor is over the action should be defined.

In <Document> select any report contained in the project to be printed. To add a

new report to the project, click the View icon

Double click the new view to change its name.

Click ribbon Window, New report and select any report template.

5.11 Action Requirements

Use the action Requirements to define the requirements for the specific test
definition such as type of measuring system being used for this specific test.

Fig. 5 - 31 Example of a requirement

Special settings in the details pane:

1. In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and a Info which is shown when the
mouse cursor is over the action should be defined.

2. In <Requirements> the required device components can be defined. Device

components are:

• Accessory name or Accessory name and SN (=serial number) or

Accessory type
• Device component name or Device component name and SN or Device
component type
• Measuring system name or Measuring system name and SN or
Measuring system type

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5 The Actions

• No measuring system (used for the Device action Initialize device)

5.12 Action Settings

Use the action Settings to define non standard settings of the measuring device.
If no Setting is defined the most recent settings are chosen by default which gives
good measuring results in 99% of all cases.

Special settings in the details pane:

In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and the Info shown when the mouse
cursor is over the action should be defined.

In <Device settings> the application specific settings are defined.

Name of setting Function

Moving profile Use this setting to select a Moving profile for the test and actions of
type Measurement and Move to....
In the moving profile all parameter are defined for the gap setting such
as velocity and normal force limits for the vertical movement. There
are predefined moving profiles for specific applications or device
components such as measuring systems. To generate a user defined
editable moving profile from any existing Anton Paar moving profile
click <Setup>, Moving profiles, New.
Normal force dynamic Use this controller to fine tune the Normal force dynamics.
Without activating the controller action the best possible setting is
chosen by the device (recommended).
Typical use case: Tack tests with more aggressive normal force and
gap setting control (see also 'Moving profile' for tack).

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 5 The Actions

Name of setting Function

Override torsional By using the setting 'Override set torsional compliance' in manual
compliance mode, all compliance components defined in the software and
rheometer will be ignored for this particular test definition and the
user-defined value will be used instead.
To disable any compliance correction, set the value to 0 mrad / mNm.

TwinDrive: The 'Override set torsional compliance' function is divided

into two parts. Each part is calculated based on the original
compliance of the measuring system being used.

• Use Case 1: Set the total compliance to zero (do not use any
correction)
• Use Case 2: Set the total compliance to a user-defined value

The total amount of the torsional compliance is calculated based on

several components:
- measuring system (upper)
- measuring system (lower)
- measuring cell
- motor (upper)= 0.00160 rad/Nm (MCRxx1, MCRxx2)
- motor (lower)= 0.00160 rad/Nm (MCRxx1, MCRxx2).

Measuring system and measuring cell compliance are defined in the

software, whereas the motor compliance(s) is/are defined in the
rheometer.

The torsional compliance of the measuring system is also used for the
motor controller. Therefore it is advisable not to set the value of the
measuring system to zero, but to use the 'Override set torsional
compliance' instead.
Piezo compensation Use this option to disable the Piezo if required.
Shear stress controller Use this controller to fine tune the shear stress dynamics. Without
(rotation) activating the controller action the best possible setting is chosen by
the device (recommended).
Typical use case: Dynamic control of the sample shear stress for
creep testing or flow curves in shear stress control mode.
Recommended for low viscosity liquids (water or similar) only.
Torque booster Use this parameter to enable or disable the Torque Booster.
Typical use case: Step tests of ultra stiff materials in rotational mode.
With the Torque Booster 'off' the maximum torque in rotation is limited
to avoid permanent torques above 150 mNm (curing reactions, etc.).
TruGap™ Use this parameter to enable or disable the TruGap function.
Typical use case: Disabled for disposable measuring systems (cap
plates, etc.)
TruHarmonics Use the Measurement action to Define the higher harmonics. With
(oscillation) the option TruHarmonics On the higher harmonics are Actively
controlled. Minimum required firmware is 4.20.
TruRate™ (rotation, rate Use this controller to fine tune the shear rate controller in rotational
control) tests. Without activating the controller action the best possible setting
is chosen by the device (recommended). Typical use case: MCR10x.

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5 The Actions

Name of setting Function

TruRate™ (rotation, Use this controller to fine tune the strain controller in rotational tests.
strain control) Without activating the controller action the best possible setting is
chosen by the device (recommended). Typical use case: MCR10x.
TruStrain™ (oscillation) Use this parameter to enable or disable the TruStrain function.
Without activating the controller action the best possible setting is
chosen by the device (recommended).
Typical use case: Disabled TruStrain for oscillatory measurements
below frequencies of 10e-4Hz.
TwinDrive Use this parameter to activate a special TwinDrive mode. Without
activating the controller action the separate motor and transducer is
activated (recommended).
Other use cases: Counter-movement mode.

5.13 Action View

The View action is used to show any view of the project during test execution.

Special settings in the details pane:

In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and the Info shown when the mouse
cursor is over the action should be defined.

In <View> any view of the Project is selected. The view is then shown during test
execution. A View action change can be used multiple times. e.g. to show the
Diagram while measuring and the Report after the test has been finished.

5.14 Action Wait

Use the action Wait to define a waiting time based on any condition.

Special settings in the details pane:

1. In <Name, Info> the Name of the action and the Info shown when the mouse
cursor is over the action should be defined.

2. In <Picture, title, buttons> the following items can be defined:

• Picture to be shown in the bubble of the action

• Title text of the action

• Buttons

- Abort test: Show this button to allow any user to abort a test
- Skip: Show this button to allow any user to skip the Current action and
proceed with the next action

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 5 The Actions

- Continue: Show this button to prompt any user to press the button
continue in order to execute the defined function. Use case: Wait for
Continue until moving to the measuring position.

3. In <Instruction> an instruction is defined to be displayed in the bubble during

runtime.

4. In <Wait Condition> the condition is defined. There are five conditions:

Define a waiting time until:

I. A time delay is reached.

II. The button Continue is pressed.

III. A Time of day or date is reached.

IV. A value condition is fulfilled: Use this option to define a waiting time until a
value condition is fulfilled. Select one of the following conditions:

• Most reasonable conditions:

Fig. 5 - 32 Value within tolerance

• List box with possible conditions:

Fig. 5 - 33 All conditions

• Typical variables for conditions:

- Temperature
- Normal force
- Humidity

V. T-Ready™ is reached. In combination with a TruGap™ measuring system

this option can be used to start a test automatically whenever the sample
temperature is reached. The T-Ready™ status indicates that the sample
temperature equals the set temperature.

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 6 Test Definition

6 Test Definition
The test definition is a sequence of steps always beginning with the action "Start"
(see also "Ch 5.1, Action Start") and ending with the "End". All other steps, i.e. the
actions, are inserted in a suitable order into this frame. If you have chosen one of
the predefined project templates delivered with the RheoCompass™, your project
will already contain a view with a basic test definition including a measurement
action with parameters that match the selected project type.

6.1 Creating and Editing a Test Definition

To generate a new test definition, follow all the steps described below. If you want
to edit an existing one, skip directly to step 2.

1. In a project, click the button. This will generate an new empty view as the
last tab.

2. Make sure that the ribbon "Window" is selected and click the button "New
test definition". You will now see a test definition containing the "Start" and
"End" actions.

3. Click the toolbox button to display the available actions.

4. Drag the required actions to a suitable position between the start and end
actions. The position of the actions may be changed at a later time by
dragging them up or down within the test definition. To scroll through the
actions, use the mouse wheel or point to the arrow up / down symbols in the
test definition.

5. Each action contains an info-pane with several tabs specific to the action
type. The tab "Name, Info" is available in all actions as it is used to enter
information that describes the function of the action or give instructions to the
user. Please see the following chapter, "Ch 6.1.1, Entering Additional
Information About the Action (Tabs "Name, Info" and "Remark")" for details.

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6 Test Definition

6.1.1 Entering Additional Information About the Action

(Tabs "Name, Info" and "Remark")

The entries in the tab "Name, Info" are shown in the text field of the action (field
under the action type) and in the quick info that is shown once you point the
mouse onto the action. Use the action name field (the small field to the left) for a
short and concise name for the action. This text is permanently visible, and it
should be short enough to fit entirely into the width of the action. The mouse-over
text can be used to give the operator more details about what the action is doing.
This text will only be visible, if you point the mouse onto the action.

The text entered in the tab "Remarks" is visible, if you point the mouse to the
relevant analysis step in the bubble. This can be used for additional details about
the analysis or as a "note-to-self" for the person responsible for the templates.

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

There are two ways of analyzing test results:

1. Automated, by adding an Analysis action to the Test definition

• Use this option for QC tasks whenever the same analysis is required directly
after the measurement

2. Interactive, by selecting a curve or a part of the curve and clicking the

Calculator icon in the ribbon

• Use this option for flexible analysis of curve data now and then

Details 1

This is the general model of an analysis action that is part of an automated test
definition.

Design

Example: Analysis action with a Method used for Rearranging (Merging) the
incoming data in a first step. The merged data is then used as input data in the
second step, which contains a more Application-based Macro for the Yield-
stress analysis
Input data Click link to define the input data, or drag and drop to input
Result data Click link to define the result data
Step Step number of the Analysis action. An Analysis action contains one or
multiple steps
Method Basic analysis method
Macro A ready to use Analysis macro consisting of one or more analysis methods. The
Macro is more Application-oriented, whereas the Method is the Basic
mathematical model and is used in all Macros with application-specific presets.

Details 2

See Joe Flow for more details and examples.

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7.1 Working with Methods and Macros in Practice

Interactive curve analysis within the diagram

Analysis macros are started by selecting a curve in the diagram (Fig. 7 - 1). With
a double-click all measuring points are selected. A part of the curve is selected by
single-clicking and dragging or by using the Shift key.

Fig. 7 - 1 Interactive analysis ribbon

The calculator icon in the curve ribbon is used to select the appropriate analysis
macro or an analysis step from a test definition of the project. Click the Start
button to start the analysis of a single curve of click the start batch mode to
analyze multiple curves simultaneously. The regressed curve is presented
immediately together with the parameters in the diagram legend (Fig. 7 - 2 with
example of Tg step analysis in Edit mode).

Edit mode:

For certain analyses, such as the Tg analysis, the diagram is initially in edit
mode. In edit mode, the selected curve area can be adjusted by dragging the
circular markers.

A further click on Accept changes completes the analysis and takes over the
evaluation data. Cancel changes allows you to leave editing mode without saving
the analysis data.

Ancillary elements:

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Ancillary elements are displayed for certain analysis together with an analysis
result text. They serve as ancillary constructs of the calculated points.).

Fig. 7 - 2 Diagram with legend and analysis

For further information, the analysis result is selected in the data tree of the
navigation pane. The Details pane is then showing the corresponding regression
long result in the Result details (Fig. 7 - 3). Alternatively, the analysis result is
presented in the report window (Fig. 7 - 7).

Fig. 7 - 3 Analysis long result

Automated analysis as part of the test definition

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

The same settings are often used for a series of measurements. In such cases, it
is advisable to define an automated run using the test-designer toolbox in the
navigation pane or to add a new action from the ribbon.

Fig. 7 - 4 Adding an analysis action to the test definition

Simply drag and drop the analysis action to the test definition. Then add the
required analysis steps or macros to the analysis action and define the input data
using the placeholder <next test>. The measurement and analysis are executed
fully automatically once the ‘next test’ has been started.

If the analysis fails for any reason, use the interactive analysis by selecting a
curve in the diagram (Fig. 7 - 1) to re-start a single analysis action contained in
the test definition. Instead of the macros, select the analysis contained in test
definition which is now listed after expanding the lower part of the list box (Fig. 7 -
5).

Fig. 7 - 5 Interactive analysis using the analysis actions of a test definition.

This routine is also used to develop and optimize a new analysis action before
starting the test.

Presentation of Analysis Results in the Report

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The analysis result of an automated test as well as any other information is easily
presented in a report window. Use the ‘Data’ icon to add an analysis result to a
report window.

Fig. 7 - 6 Add data element to report

Choose the parameters presented in Fig. 7 - 7 to show the analysis short result
text. By using the placeholder <Next test>, the report is up to date with the results
of the latest measurement.

Fig. 7 - 7 Parameters of the data element showing the analysis short result

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How RheoCompass Experts Define Analysis Macros

As a RheoCompass expert you may wish to define your own analysis macro. This
is easily done within the 'Macro Designer' of RheoCompass, as the following
example shows:

Let’s assume you are in the main category 'Project' of RheoCompass and a
measuring curve in the diagram is selected for analysis of the interpolated
viscosity at the shear rate 25 s-1 (see Fig. 7 - 1). There are predefined macros
listed in each project, filtered by the test type of the project, but the one you are
looking for is missing.

For creating your own macro, open the main category <RheoFinder>, expand
<More> and select the item Macros (for analysis).

Next click New in the ribbon Home to create a New macro. Insert an existing
Anton Paar macro from the ribbon Analysis (click the expander to see the list of
predefined analysis macros). Check ‘incompatible’ to disable filtering if the macro
you are looking for is not part of the list. Now click Convert to steps to see the
single analysis steps of the Anton Paar macro. Some macros only contain one
step.

In this example, the original macro consists of two steps. Step one is the
interpolation itself, while step two formats the resulting data and defines the
variables for the final result. Change the parameters of the macro, e.g. from shear
rate 10 s-1 to 25 s-1 (Fig. 7 - 8).

Fig. 7 - 8 Editing parameters for the analysis steps.

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Now enter the macro name, e.g. 'Interpolation, shear rate 25 s-1' in the 'Macro'
tab. The name can be changed at any time in RheoFinder (Fig. 7 - 9), where you
also have the option to assign a test type to the macro for further filtering, which
is used in most projects.

Fig. 7 - 9 Save new analysis macro as your own macro.

The macro is then available for interactive analysis in the project, as presented in
Fig. 7 - 9.

7.2 Analysis Methods

A Method is the Basic analysis model. The more application-oriented Macros

are often used instead of a Method. A Macro contains one or more Methods.

Compared to a Method, which offers many parameters for tweaking, a Macro is

ready to use and has only a few parameter settings, or even none at all.

Special settings in the details pane:

1. In <Name, Info> the Name and a Description, which is shown when the
cursor is over the action, should be defined.

2. Use the tab <Remarks> to define the information text for each step.

3. In <Parameters>, all parameters for the mathematical model are defined.

The Parameters tab may contain further tabs with special settings on the
right-hand side of the window. Check all parameters before use.

4. Use Input data to define the input data of the Method or drag and drop
input.

5. Use Result data to define a result name or to define a result as temporary

data to be used as input data for other steps. Insert placeholders to predefine
an automated name that reflects the test input and information.

6. <Text results>

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

• Check the option to Show parameter settings in case the parameter

settings need to be documented with the analysis result or printed as a
report.

Examples of basic analysis Methods:

A Method in the analysis action:

An example of Macro-specific Parameters (yellow):

7.2.1 Overview of the Analysis Methods

7.2.1.1 Three-Interval Thixotropy Test (3ITT)

This method is used to analyze structure recovery of a sample after a sudden

shear load.

<Intervals>

Select the interval test type. The rest interval 1 and recovery interval 3 simulate
the sample at rest, and therefore a low shear rate or oscillatory shear is applied.
The load interval 2 is the application interval, in which the application process is
simulated by putting the sample under high shear conditions, or by applying an
oscillatory shear with larger strain and frequency than in the LVE region. The
following are example sequences of 3ITT tests

• I1: Rotation -> I2: Rotation -> I3: Rotation

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• I1: Oscillation -> Rotation or Oscillation -> Oscillation

If the intervals are not 1, 2 and 3, then enter the correct intervals accordingly.

<Steady-state check>

Optional steady-state check in the rest interval to detect unsteady sample

behavior such as:

• Recovery due to gap setting

• Recovery due to previous shear
• Skin formation due to evaporation of liquid/solvent phase

<Calculation>

Select one of the following calculation modes for analyzing sample properties:

1. Calculate recovery after a given time

• The recovery ratio in [%] is calculated for a predefined time.

• Recovery ratio = Actual value of recovery interval / steady-state value
in the rest interval

2. Calculate y-difference

• The actual value of the recovery interval is compared to the first value in
the recovery interval
• Variable in oscillatory shear: G'
• Variable in steady shear: Eta

3. Calculate time for a given recovery ratio

• The time is calculated until the recovery ratio reaches a certain [%] value.
• Recovery ratio = actual value of recovery interval / steady state value
in the rest interval
• This method does not work if the ratio is not achieved
• Variable in oscillatory shear: G'
• Variable in steady shear: Eta

4. Calculate time until G'=G''

• The time is calculated until G'=G''

• This method does not work if no cross-over is found

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7.2.1.2 Asphalt Fail Temperature

This method is used to calculate the fail temperature during a grading test

<Calculation>

• Select the AASHTO test type:

• AASHTO T315 Original binder

• AASHTO T315 RTFO
• AASHTO T315 PAV

• Limit:

• Definition of the limiting value for the verification criterion.

• Number of first input result (in descending order = e.g. for a value 5 it is the
5th counted from the last result)

• Number of the second input result (in descending order = e.g. for a value of 1
is the last result)

7.2.1.3 Asphalt Linearity

This method is used to determine:

• the critical strain at the end of the linear viscoelastic region (LVE-range)
• the critical strain is found at the end of the G' plateau

The method is similar to a determination of LVE range.

<Calculation>

Define the number of data points to be used for determining the LVE range. If
there are more data points in the measuring profile than defined, then the last
input data points are used for the calculation.

<Temperature>

• Temperature Offset

- Enter the value for a temperature offset; Default value is 0°C

• Target Temperature

- Auto: A list with typical asphalt measuring temperature in [K] is selected

• Default values in [K]:
• 274.15; 277.15; 280.15; 283.15; 286.15; 289.15; 292.15; 295.15;
298.15; 301.15; 304.15; 307.15; 310.15; 313.15; 316.15; 319.15;
322.15; 325.15; 331.15; 334.15; 337.15; 343.15; 349.15; 355.15;
361.15
- Manual: Enter any user-defined temperature value.

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7.2.1.4 Asphalt MSCR

This method is used to determine the rutting resistance and damage tolerance of
asphalt binders according to AASHTO T350-14 or FGSV 723

<Calculation>

Set the default parameter for the standard AASHTO T350-14 or FGSV 723. If
used with the correct project templates, all parameters will be predefined in
compliance with the measurement action.

• Load levels:

- Depending on the selected standard the Load levels are defined

• Number of intervals to skip

- Value of number of intervals to be skipped used for preconditioning and not

used in the calculation

• Number of conditioning cycles

- Value of number of conditioning intervals not used for the calculation

• Number of cycles per load level

- Value for number of load intervals used for the calculation

• Creep phase duration

- Value for duration of the creep phase

• Recovery phase duration

- Value for duration of the recovery phase

7.2.1.5 Asphalt Original Binder

This method is used to verify the originality of an asphalt binder in accordance

with AASHTO T315-12

<Calculation>

• Number of data points:

- Define the Number of data points to be used for detection of the LVE
range. If there are more data points in the measuring profile than defined,
then the last input data points will be used for the calculation.

• Passed criterion:

- Select the passed criterion for the verification of the sample.

- The criterion is predefined in the project template and should not be
changed.

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

• Limit:

- Definition of the limiting value for the verification criterion.

<Temperature>

• Temperature offset

- Enter the value for a temperature offset; Default value is 0 °C

• Target temperature

- Auto: A list with typical asphalt measuring temperature in [K] is selected

- Manual: Enter any user defined temperature value.

7.2.1.6 Asphalt PAV

This method is used to verify that PAV aged asphalt binder is in accordance with
AASHTO T315-12

<Calculation>

• Number of data points:

- Define the Number of data points to be used for the detection of the LVE
range. If there are more data points in the measuring profile than defined,
then the last input data points will be used for the calculation.

• Passed criterion:

- Select the passed criterion for the verification of the sample.

- The criterion is predefined in the project template and should not be
changed.

• Limit:

- Definition of the limiting value for the verification criterion.

<Temperature>

• Temperature offset

- Enter the value for a temperature offset; the default is 0°C

• Target temperature

- Auto: A list with typical asphalt measuring temperature in [K] is selected

- Manual: Enter any user defined temperature value.

7.2.1.7 Asphalt RTFO

This method is used to verify that RTFO aged asphalt binder is in accordance with
AASHTO T315-12

<Calculation>

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• Number of data points:

- Define the Number of data points to be used for the detection of the LVE
range. If there are more data points in the measuring profile than defined,
then the last input data points will be used for the calculation.

• Passed criterion:

- Select the passed criterion for the verification of the sample.

- The criterion is predefined in the project template and should not be
changed.

• Limit:

- Definition of the limiting value for the verification criterion.

<Temperature>

• Temperature offset

- Enter the value for a temperature offset; the default is 0°C

• Target temperature

- Auto: A list with typical asphalt measuring temperature in [K] is selected

- Manual: Enter any user defined temperature value.

7.2.1.8 Averaging Data Points

This method is used to calculate the average among all Input data points of a
single test Result

Note: The average is built from all motor variables such as torque and deflection
angle. The average of the motor variables is then used to calculate All
application variables. Thus, the value of the viscosity is not equal to the average
of all viscosity values. To calculate the average of a rheological variable, use the
particular Macro (e.g. Averaging viscosity, over data points)

<Calculation>

Mode:

• Averaging over all data points within an interval (Default)

The average is calculated by averaging all data points within an interval

This is done for each interval separately

• Averaging over n data points

The average is calculated by averaging over the first n data points, then over the
next n points, etc.

• Averaging over the nth data point of each interval

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

The averaging is calculated by averaging the 1st data point of all intervals, the 2nd
data point of all intervals, etc.

Average Type:

• Arithmetic mean (Default)

- Use arithmetic mean when numbers just add up

• Geometric mean

- Use geometric mean when numbers multiply together

• Quadratic mean

- Use quadratic mean when the squares of the numbers add up

• Standard deviation

- Use standard deviation to calculate the square root of the variance

Other:

• Save all averages into one single interval

- Use this option for Results with multiple intervals ensure all results are
saved in just one interval instead of the number of original intervals of the
Input data.

More Information

Drag and drop test to the multi-input symbol:

7.2.1.9 Averaging Test Results

Use this method to calculate the average among all data points from multiple test
results

Note: The average is built from all motor variables such as torque and deflection
angle. The average of the motor variables is then used to calculate All
application variables. Thus, the value of the viscosity is not equal to the average
of all viscosity values. To calculate the average of a rheological variable, use the
particular Macro (e.g. Averaging viscosity, over data points)

<Calculation>

Average Type:

• Arithmetic mean (Default)

- Use arithmetic mean when numbers just add up

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• Geometric mean

- Use geometric mean when numbers multiply together

• Quadratic mean

- Use quadratic mean when the squares of the numbers add up

• Standard deviation

- Use standard deviation to calculate the square root of the variance

Example:

Average 1 = (Data point 1 of Result 1 + Data point 1 of Result 2 + Data point 1 of

result 3 + .../ number of results)

Average 2 = (Data point 2 of Result 1 + Data point 2 of Result 2 + Data point 2 of

result 3 + .../ number of results)

7.2.1.10 Basic Operations

Use this method to modify a variable or the values of a variable

Method specific tabs at the right hand side of

the Details pane:

- For more Details see bullet points below

<Calculation>

Mode:

1. Use a Fixed operant

• Example: Add a fixed value to the viscosity variable; eta = eta + 2.5 with
a = 2.5)

• Calculation:

• Addition: x + a
• Subtraction: x - a
• Multiplication: x * a
• Division: x / a
• Absolute value |x|
• Natural logarithm: ln(x)
• Exponential: e^x
• Common logarithm: log(x)
• Exponential: 10^x
• Square root: x^0.5
• Power function: x^a
• Normalizing to 1st point: x / x1
• Normalizing to maximum of all points: x / x_max

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• Origin of value a (depending on the selection of Calculation operant, a is

visible):

• Value a is given as fixed parameter

• Enter the value a as a Fixed parameter in the Calculation settings
• Take value a from data on additional input
• Define a Side input containing a single data point

Use the <Input> tab

or use drag and drop

• Variable selection
• Value of variable is Identical to parameter Input variable
 This is the standard case with e.g. a = eta and x = eta
• Variable of value a is freely Selectable
 Use this case for special operations, e.g. a = ratio and
x = tan(delta)

2) Apply calculation between Two Results defined as Input data

• Example: Subtract viscosity of measurement 2 from viscosity of

measurement 1; eta(result 2) - eta(result 1)

• Calculation:

• Addition: x1 + x2
• Subtraction: x1 - x2
• Multiplication: x1 * x2
• Division: x1 / x2

<Variables>

• Variables mode:

- Apply the calculation to all input variables

• This option is only available for the calculation using a fixed operant
- Apply the calculation to only the selected input variable
• Use this option to apply the calculation to a predefined single variable,
here called Input variable
• Optionally, the variable can be saved as a new variable
 Example: Apply calculation to tau, where tau = tau * a but save it
as G'
• Another option is to Save all other variables from Input data that are
not defined for the calculation in the Result data

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7.2.1.11 Creep

Use this method to calculate a regressed curve for the creep and recovery interval
based on a Burgers model with the curve regions: Instantaneous, viscoelastic and
Newtonian compliance.

Creep regression is mainly used to analyze polymer melts and polymer solutions.

Burgers model

Method-specific tabs on the

right-hand side of the Details
pane:

- For more details, see bullet

points below

<Intervals>

• Select the Interval number of the Load phase and the Recovery phase.

• Make sure the load interval 1 starts at t = 0 s and the deflection angle is reset
at interval start in the interval settings of the measurement action.

• If the creep phase is over several intervals then the intervals must be
separated by semicolons, e.g. 1;2;3 for the creep phase and 4;5;6 for the
recovery phase.

<Load phase>

The creep phase can be divided into three sections, as shown in the parameter
dialog box. Check the regions you would like to be calculated. If no creep interval
has been defined above, all regions need to be unchecked.

General:

Most creep curves show the following curve regions:

• Instantaneous compliance

• jump-like, purely elastic deformation occurring immediately after the start

of the test
• elastic response
• the spring S1 in the Burgers model

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

• Viscoelastic compliance

• delayed viscoelastic deformation

• viscoelastic response
• the spring S2 together with the dashpot D2

• Newtonian compliance

• a purely viscous deformation

• viscous response
• the dashpot D3

Settings of the load phase:

User-specific settings:

• Uncheck region if it is not represented by the measured curve

• Set the range for the steady-state check in the last part of the creep curve
(default = 10 %)
• Define the steady-state check condition

Steady-state check:

This analysis method checks whether a steady state has been reached at the end
of the creep phase. It is also possible to disregard this check by choosing the
option 'No Steady-State Check'.

Methods for determining steady state:

• Correlation ratio of a linear regression gamma(t) = f(t)

This method calculates a linear regression on the last data points of the creep
phase (strain vs time curve). The number of data points is defined in the text box
'Region Size'. The region size gives the number of points as a percent of the total
number of points during the creep phase. 10 % is recommended as a default
value. The criterion for the steady state is that the correlation ratio of the
regressed data approaches 1. The boundary value is 0.997.

• Slope of a linear regression log(J(t)) = f(log(t))

With this method, a linear regression is done on a logarithmic curve of the

compliance as a function of time. As with the previous method, the data points at
the end of the creep curve are used. The value for 'Region Size' gives the number
of points for the calculation as a percent of the total number of points during the
creep phase. 10 % is recommended as a default value. The criterion for the
steady state is that the correlation ratio of the regressed data approaches 1. The
boundary values are 0.95 and 1.05.

• Slope changing between adjacent time windows

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For this method, the creep curve is divided into the given number of sections (time
windows) and a linear-regression curve is calculated for each section. The
change of slope from each section to the next is compared. Steady state has been
reached if the change of slope approaches zero. The boundary value is 0.1.

<Recovery phase>

Check the regions you would like to be calculated for the recovery phase. If no
recovery phase has been defined above, all recovery regions will need to be
unchecked.

General:

Most creep curves show the curve regions:

• Instantaneous compliance

• jump-like, purely elastic deformation occurring immediately after the start

of the test
• elastic response
• the spring S1 in the Burgers model

• Viscoelastic compliance

• delayed viscoelastic deformation

• viscoelastic response
• the spring S2 together with the dashpot D2

Settings of the load phase:

User-specific settings:

• Uncheck region if it is not represented by the measured curve.

• Set the range for the steady-state check in the last part of the creep curve
(default = 10%)
• Define the steady-state check condition

Steady-state check:

This analysis methods checks whether a steady state has been reached at the
end of the creep phase. It is also possible to disregard this check by choosing the
option 'No Steady State Check'.

Methods for determining steady state:

• Correlation ratio of a linear regression gamma(t) = f(t)

This method calculates a linear regression on the last data points of the creep
phase (strain vs time curve). The number of data points is defined in the text box
'Region Size'. The region size gives the number of points as a percent of the total

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

number of points during the creep phase. 10 % is recommended as a default

value. The criterion for the steady state is that the correlation ratio of the
regressed data approaches 1. The boundary value is 0.997.

• Slope of a linear regression log(J(t)) = f(log(t))

With this method, a linear regression is done on a logarithmic curve of the

compliance as a function of time. As with the previous method, the data points at
the end of the creep curve are used. The value for 'Region Size' gives the number
of points for the calculation as a percent of the total number of points during the
creep phase. 10 % is recommended as a default value. The criterion for the
steady state is that the correlation ratio of the regressed data approaches 1. The
boundary values are 0.95 and 1.05.

• Slope changing between adjacent time windows

For this method, the creep curve is divided into the given number of sections (time
windows) and a linear-regression curve is calculated for each section. The
change of slope from each section to the next is compared. Steady state has been
reached if the change of slope approaches zero. The boundary value is 0.1.

<Known parameters>

In case any of the variable values given in this section are known, the parameter
can be checked, and the value entered.

Define fixed sample parameter:

<Corrections>

Set parameters for corrections of the creep and recovery intervals:

• Set shear stress to 0 in recovery interval (default = checked)

The initial part of the recovery interval may show a few outliers. Check this
option to correct these points and set all stress values to zero in the recovery
phase.

• Set creep compliance to 0 in recovery phase

If this box is checked, all J(t) values in recovery phase are set to 0. This has
an advantage in a log-log diagram with t_int on the X- and J(t) and Jr(t) on
the Y-axis. In such a diagram, J(t) is only shown for the creep phase and Jr(t)
is only shown for the recovery phase.

• Apply the drift correction (Default = checked)

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In case of rotational drift in the recovery interval, check the option Apply the
drift correction. If the option is activated, the analysis method compensates
for a drift in the recovery phase.

The measuring-system drift becomes negligible for samples with high

viscosity.

• Apply strain and Jmax correction

The strain correction is used to correct the time shift. The time shift arises
because

• the time stamp of the variable 'time' is identical with the creation time of the
measuring point

• but the mechanical and rheological variables are calculated based on the
time stamp of averaging.

Thus, for longer measuring-point durations, with Averaging set to

Automatic, the time stamp of the variable 'time' is not identical with the time
stamp of the variable 'Strain'. This difference between the two time stamps is
referred to as the time shift.

Example: The measuring point duration is 10 s. Therefore, the variable 'time'

= 10 s. With Automatic averaging, the 'average time' is calculated over the
last 50 % of the measuring-point duration, in this example, over the last 5 s.
The time stamp of the variable 'strain', which is equal to the 'average time', is
therefore at 7.5 s. The time shift is 2.5 s.

time------------------------------------------------------------------x

average time-------------------------------------x-----------------

strain-----------------------------------------------x-----------------

By using Manual averaging with the option Raw values (rotation) over
exactly 1, the last raw data point is taken. As one raw data point lasts for
only 1 ms (MCRxx2 series), the time stamp of the variable 'strain' will be at
9.999 s and therefore almost identical to the time stamp of the variable 'time'.

time------------------------------------------------------------------x

average time------------------------------------------------------x

strain----------------------------------------------------------------x

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Additionally, a Jmax correction is done for the same reason.

For measurements performed with one of the project templates defined in

RheoCompass, the three variables time, average time and strain are almost
identical (shift <1 ms). This is due to the fact that the averaging of the
measuring point is defined over one raw value.

• Settings for the time variable

• Average time, tavr: The average time, tavr, is taken as the time, and
therefore no strain correction is needed. However, a Jmax correction is still
applied. This setting gives the best results, but requires tavr to be contained
in the measuring data.
• Time t: Time t is taken as the time, and both strain and Jmax corrections are
applied. This setting can also be used if tavr is not contained in the
measuring data.
• Averaging in data generation: This setting should comply with the settings
in the measurement action of the creep test if the option 'Apply strain and
Jmax correction' is checked. This information is essential for correcting the
time stamp.
• Raw-value sampling: The time over which raw-data sampling is done (only
if option 'Setting <Over...>' is selected)

<Test results>

Check the option Show additional parameter settings in the case the parameter
settings need to be documented with the analysis result or printed as a report.

Typical Calculations Within the Creep Method:

1. Calculation of mean tau value, tau_0, in the creep phase

2. Calculation of J(t,tau_0) for any point in the creep phase:

• J(t,tau_0) = gamma(t)/tau_0

3. Calculation of J(t) for any point in the creep phase:

• J(t) = gamma(t)/tau_0

4. Calculation of Jr(t) for any point in the creep phase:

• Jr(t) = 0

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5. Calculation of J(t,tau_0) for any point in recovery phase:

• J(t,tau_0) = gamma(t)/tau_0

6. Calculation of max. J(t,tau_0) value Jmax of creep phase:

• Jmax = max(J(t,tau_0))

7. Calculation of Jr(t) for any point in recovery phase:

• Jr(t) = Jmax – J(t,tau_0)

8. Creep phase:

• J(t) = J0 + Jm(t) + Jn(t), tau0 = const. > 0

9. Recovery phase:

• J(t) = Jmax – J0 – Jm(t) + Jdrift(t), tau0 = const = 0

• with Jm(t) = SUM(Jm_i·(1-exp(-(t-t0)/Lambda_i)) i=1...3
• Jn(t) = (t-t0)/eta0
• Jdrift(t) = ((t-t0)/tau0)·d(gamma_drift)/dt

The resulting values J0, Jm_i, Lambda_i, eta0 and d(gamma_drift)/dt are
calculated separately for the creep and recovery phases from the measured data,
according to the equations above. The unknown values can then be determined
from these regression parameters:

• Creep phase:

• gamma0 = J0 · tau0
• Dn = tau0 / eta0

• Recovery phase:

• Je0 = J0 + SUM(Jm_i) i=1...3

• Je = J0 + SUM(Jm_i) i=1...3
• Jv = Jmax – Je

Examples:

Example 1 (recommended) for a creep and recovery measurement with analysis

for polymer melts and manual short-term averaging over 1 ms (no effective
correction needed, as variable time equals average time):

Measuring profile

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Data generation

Averaging/Correctio
ns

Example 2 (not recommended) for a creep and recovery measurement with

analysis for polymer melts and auto averaging over 50 % of the measuring-point
duration:

Measuring profile

Data generation

Averaging/Correctio
ns

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7.2.1.12 Curve Crossover

This method is used to calculate the cross-over between the functions G'(gamma)
and G''(gamma).

Method specific tabs at the right hand side of

the Details pane
- For more details see bullet points below

<Calculation>

Crossover mode:

• Crossover of 2 Y-variables within one data range

• Example: Select this option to calculate the curve-crossover of G' and G''.

• Crossover of 2 data ranges (test results) for one Y-variable

• Example: Select this option to calculate the curve-crossover of G' from two
different measurements.

Crossover points:

• Calculate All crossover points

• Calculate only the First crossover point (default)
• Calculate only the Last crossover point

Interpolation:

• Select the interpolation type. The interpolation is use to determine a cross-

over not represented by the measuring point before and after the crossover.
The default is Automatic detection. The detection type depends on the
slope and the order of the curve (linear or logarithmic).

<Variables>

Define the X-variable:

• Example: Omega, gamma, temperature, time.

Define the Y1-variable and the Y2-variable:

• Example: G' and G''

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.
- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data and the variables are automatically adopted.

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

Example:

Amplitude sweep with

determination of the curve cross-
over G'(gamma) = G''(gamma)

Frequency sweep with

determination of the curve cross-
over G'(omega) = G''(omega)

Temperature ramp in oscillation

with determination of the curve-
cross over G'(T) = G''(T). The
meaning of the point depends on
the application. In this example of a
gelation process, it is equivalent to
the gel-point.

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7.2.1.13 Curve Derivatives

This method is used to calculate the Curve derivatives.

Method specific tabs at the right hand side of

the Details pane
- For more details see bullet points below

<Calculation>

Y-Scaling:

• linear
• logarithmic

Smoothing:

• smoothing with specification of absolute smoothing range

- not recommended for most rheological measurements

• smoothing with specification of relative smoothing range

- recommended for fine tweaking the maxima or minima to a known value

• auto-smoothing with smoothing criterion

- default, recommended setting

- smoothing criterion with number of
• local maxima
• local minima
• inflection points (use this setting with exactly 1 as default; the
recommended maximum value is 3)

Save smoothed curve in result data

• check this option to save the smoothed curve together with the derivative.
Saving the curve might help to improve and understand the effect of the
smoothing parameter.

<Variables>

Define the X-variable and up to three Y-variables:

• Example: T and G'

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.
- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data as well as the variables are automatically adopted.

Analysis Results:

The resulting variables are stored as physical variables; X = 1st derivative,

Y = 2nd derivative. To see the derivatives in a diagram or table, select the variable
group <all variables> and scroll to the end of the list. Now insert the X or Y variable
and select the Analysis to be displayed in the window.

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

Example: Presentation of the analysis of the curve derivative.

1st derivative as X variable

2nd derivative as Y variable

Curve minimum of 2nd

derivative

-equivalent to curve onset of

G' or Tg

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7.2.1.14 Curve Inflection

This method is used to calculate the Curve inflection point(s).

Method specific tabs at the right hand side of

the Details pane
- For more details see bullet points below

<Calculation>

Y-Scaling:

• linear
• logarithmic

Smoothing:

• smoothing with specification of absolute smoothing range

- not recommended for most rheological measurements

• smoothing with specification of relative smoothing range

- recommended for fine tweaking the maxima or minima to a known value

• auto-smoothing with smoothing criterion

- default, recommended setting

- smoothing criterion with number of
• local maxima
• local minima
• inflection points (use this setting with exactly 1 as default; the
recommended maximum value is 3)

<Variables>

Define the X-variable and the Y-variable:

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.

- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data as well as the variables are automatically adopted.

Example: a curve inflection point found with Logarithmic Y-scaling and Auto-
smoothing criterion with one inflection point.

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

Selection of a narrow range

Result

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7.2.1.15 Curve Maximum

This method is used to calculate the Curve maximum.

Method specific tabs at the right hand side of

the Details pane
- For more details see bullet points below

<Calculation>

Y-Scaling:

• linear
• logarithmic

Smoothing:

• no smoothing

- default, recommended setting

• smoothing with specification of absolute smoothing range

- not recommended for most rheological measurements

• smoothing with specification of relative smoothing range

- recommended for fine tweaking the maxima or minima to a known value

• auto-smoothing with smoothing criterion

- smoothing criterion with number of

• local maxima
• local minima
• inflection points

<Variables>

Define the X-variable and the Y-variable:

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.

- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data as well as the variables are automatically adopted.

Example: analysis of the maximum in tan(delta).

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Maximum of tan(delta)

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7.2.1.16 Curve Minimum

This method is used to calculate the Curve minimum.

Method specific tabs at the right hand side of

the Details pane
- For more details see bullet points below

<Calculation>

Y-Scaling:

• linear
• logarithmic

Smoothing:

• no smoothing

- default, recommended setting

• smoothing with specification of absolute smoothing range

- not recommended for most rheological measurements

• smoothing with specification of relative smoothing range

- recommended for fine tweaking the maxima or minima to a known value

• auto-smoothing with smoothing criterion

- smoothing criterion with number of

• local maxima
• local minima
• inflection points

<Variables>

Define the X-variable and the Y-variable:

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.

- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data as well as the variables are automatically adopted.

Example: analysis of the minimum in viscosity during a curing reaction—also

known as the softening point.

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

Viscosity minimum

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7.2.1.17 Curve Slope

This method is used to calculate the Curve slope.

Method specific tabs at the right hand side of

the Details pane
- For more details see bullet points below

<Calculation>

Select the scaling according to the diagram axes settings. Take care not to mix up
linear and logarithmic scaling for the X and Y axes.

X-Scaling:

• linear
• logarithmic

Y-Scaling:

• linear
• logarithmic

<Variables>

Define the X-variable and the Y-variable:

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.

- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data as well as the variables are automatically adopted.

Example: calculation of the curve slope based on G' in a log-scaled diagram.

slope in a log-scaled diagram

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

7.2.1.18 Envelope

This method is used to calculate the upper and lower error boundaries in air or
calibration oil for a selected measuring system and device

Method specific tabs at the right hand side of

the Details pane
- For more details see bullet points below

<Calculation>

Calculation mode:

• Calculate device envelope for oil measurement

- Points per decade:

• Points generated by the method to be displayed in the diagram or table.
- Viscosity
• Enter the viscosity of the calibration oil at the desired measuring
temperature

• Calculate device envelope for air measurement

The resulting data is calculated for the selected sample and specific viscosity.

<Measuring system>

Before starting the analysis, be sure to select a measuring system and click Use
selected measuring system.

The resulting data is calculated for the selected measuring system.

<Device>

Select the device being used for the measurement. The practically relevant error
boundaries are set automatically. The resulting data is calculated for the selected
device.

Example:

TIP: Use one of the predefined service templates:

In user-defined diagrams, be sure to add the viscosity or torque three times to the
Y-axis.

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Diagram with eta selected

three times on the Y axis

Select the meaning Upper

error boundary, Lower
error boundary and Default
for the variable viscosity
The same applies for the
table. Select the meaning to
see the values of the
boundaries

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

7.2.1.19 Equation Editor

This method is used for defining and calculating Equations for each data point

Only the variables defined in the Equation editor are part of the result data.

<Formula>

To get any variable through the Equation editor without modification, define it as
follows. Example for Temperature and Time:

T=T

t=t

Using this function, the equation editor is a smart tool for Reducing the number
of recorded application, mechanical or transducer/sensor variables needed
for further analysis to a minimum

The Variables supported by the equation editor have Specific names, while the
Functions have Specific symbols. Use the Insert buttons to insert any unknown
Variable or Function.

The button Check equations is used to check if all Variables and Functions
have been identified correctly.

Tool for defining

Variables and
Functions

The equations are used for all input data points. The existing variable is on the
right-hand side and the variable on the left-hand side of the equality sign. Add a
new line to define an equation for any additional variable.

Examples:

Multiply viscosity by factor 0.98 and save eta = eta*0.98

as new viscosity
Multiply viscosity by factor 0.98 and save Y = eta*0.98
as new variable Y
Get through variables T=T
Definition of a ratio Delta = G_complex/G'

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7.2.1.20 Equidistant Distribution

Use this method to calculate a data point with an Equidistant distribution for
filling a gap or for generating points at predefined X values

<Calculation>

Distribution of data points to be interpolated between initial and final point

number:

• Linear

• Logarithmic

More parameters:

• Number of interpolated values between initial and final point number.

• Initial point number

• Final point number

Settings

7.2.1.21 ERF Analysis

ERF analysis is used to calculate several electro-rheological variables not

contained in the measuring data, when set variable voltage U is included in the
measuring data.

<Calculation>

Define the parameter used for calculating the electrical field strength [V/m] and
the electrical flux density [A·s/m²].

• Relative permittivity

- Relative permittivity of the sample; Default=1

• Correction factor

- Used for calibration of the values of electric field strength E

- By default this parameter is set to 1

• Measuring gap

- Default value based on a standard concentric cylinder CC27 is 1.13 mm

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

<Voltage Profile>

Set the values according to the measuring profile being used in this test with the
correct scaling type. For a constant voltage, set Initial value to the same as the
Final value and use Linear scaling.

7.2.1.22 Hysteresis Area

This method is used to calculate the Hysteresis area between the Upward and
Downward curves of a Flow curve test, or the Hysteresis area as an Integral
value normalized by the sample volume (to be entered as a parameter).

<Intervals>

Define the intervals of the Up and the Down curves. If an up curve is over two or
three intervals, these intervals must be separated by semicolons ";".

Settings of
the interval

<Variables>

Define the X-variable and the Y-variable:

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.

- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data as well as the variables are automatically adopted.

Sample Volume

Use this parameter to define the sample volume of the measuring system being
used. The sample volume can be found in the category Setup, Measuring
systems by selecting the specific measuring system in the list view.

The parameter is used to calculate a hysteresis area normalized by the sample

volume.

7.2.1.23 Interfacial Viscosity

This method is used to calculate the Interfacial viscosity shear variables based
on an interfacial measurement using the bi-cone.

Requirements

The Interfacial Analysis Package is an optional feature of RheoCompass™. To

check whether the license feature is enabled, click on About RheoCompass and
check whether the feature Analysis package is Enabled. To request a trial
license, including the feature, please use the contact form in "Ch 12, License
Features for Trial" and provide all required information.

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If the complex viscosity of the upper or lower liquid is unknown, it should be

measured using a standard measuring system such as a DG27 or CP60-1.

<Dimensions>

Use Automatic detection of the Dimensions or enter all dimensions manually.

• Height of lower fluid H1

- Enter the height of the lower fluid in [mm] or use Automatic if using a
Toolmaster measuring system. Default = 22.5 mm
- Ensure the glass ring is mounted in the right direction. If the lower height is
not 22.5 mm, then fix the glass ring in the other direction.

• Total height of both fluids H1 + H2

- Enter the height of both fluids (even if upper phase is "air")

- Default = 47mm

• Dimensions of the measuring system

- Refer to the measuring-system container of the measuring-system data

sheet for details, or use Automatic if using a Toolmaster measuring system.

<Upper fluid>

Enter the density and complex viscosity of the upper fluid in [Pas]. The upper fluid
should be a Newtonian liquid or air.

Use the value 1.8E-05 Pas for air.

Upper fluid

<Lower fluid>

Enter the density and complex viscosity of the lower fluid in [Pas]. If the option is
checked, the lower fluid should be a Newtonian liquid.

Before starting a new test, be sure to check the parameters of the analysis
method.

Lower fluid

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

By Unchecking the option for the Upper fluid or Lower fluid, an Additional
input should be defined to load a Frequency sweep of any non-Newtonian
liquid.

The viscosity of the upper or lower fluid is taken from additional input:

Select this option to use the data from the Additional input. At least two data
points are required, and there are two options to define the Additional input:

Drag and drop to

define additional
input
(green symbol)
Click <Input Data>

7.2.1.24 Interfacial Oscillation

This method is used to calculate the Interfacial shear oscillatory variables

based on an interfacial measurement using the bi-cone.

Requirements

The Interfacial Analysis Package is an optional feature of RheoCompass™. To

check whether the license feature is enabled, click on About RheoCompass and
check whether the feature Analysis package is Enabled. To request a trial
license, including the feature, please use the contact form in "Ch 12, License
Features for Trial" and provide all required information.

If the viscosity of the upper or lower liquid is unknown, it should be measured

using a standard measuring system such as a DG27, CC27, CP60-1 or CP50-1.

<Dimensions>

Use Automatic detection of the Dimensions or enter all dimensions manually.

• Height of lower fluid H1

- Enter the height of the lower fluid in [mm] or use Automatic if using a
Toolmaster measuring system. Default = 22.5 mm
- Ensure the glass ring is mounted in the right direction. If the lower height is
not 22.5 mm, then fix the glass ring in the other direction.

• Total height of both fluids H1 + H2

- Enter the height of both fluids (even if upper phase is "air")

- Default = 47 mm

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• Dimensions of the measuring system

- Refer to the measuring-system container of the measuring-system data

sheet for details, or use Automatic if using a Toolmaster measuring system.

<Upper fluid>

Enter the viscosity of the upper fluid in [Pas]. The upper fluid should be a
Newtonian liquid or air. Use the value 1.8E-05 Pas for air.

<Lower fluid>

Enter the viscosity of the lower fluid in [Pas]. If the option is checked, the lower
fluid should be a Newtonian liquid.

Before starting a new test, be sure to check the parameters of the analysis
method.

By Unchecking the option for the Upper fluid or Lower fluid, an Additional
input should be defined to load a Flow curve of any non-Newtonian liquid.

The viscosity of the upper or lower fluid is taken from additional input:

Select this option to use the data from the Additional input. At least two data
points are required, and there are two options to define the Additional input.

Drag and drop to

define additional
input
(green symbol)
Click <Input Data>

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7.2.1.25 Integration

This method is used to calculate the Integral value of the function Y(X).

<Calculation>

There are two Calculation modes for the Integration.

1. Total integration (Default)

• Calculates the Integral value between the first and last measuring points
defined in limitations or based on the input data.

2. Accumulated single integration values

• Calculates the Integral value between each data point and the next. The
sum of all single integration values should be equal to the Total integration
value.

<Variables>

Define the X-variable and the Y-variable:

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.

- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data as well as the variables are automatically adopted.

<Limiting>

Limitation of values in x-direction:

Use these limiters to define Fixed limits for the X values independent of the
defined input data range.

7.2.1.26 Interpolation

This method is used to calculate Interpolation values of the function Y(X).

<Calculation>

Interpolation type:

• Linear

• Logarithmic (Recommended for most measurements)

• Cubic Spline

X-value:

Value to be interpolated.

Do not use extrapolation: Check this option to avoid extrapolated values not
within the measuring range of the test.

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Get x-values from additional input:

Select this option to use the data from the Additional input. At least two data
points are required, and there are two options to define the Additional input.

Drag and drop to

define additional
input
(green symbol)

Click <Input Data>, dynamic x-values

<Variables>

Define the X-variable and the Y-variable:

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.

- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data as well as the variables are automatically adopted.

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7.2.1.27 Interpolation (FAQ): Calculation of the Viscosity at

Multiple Shear Rates

Define an Analysis action with multiple Interpolation methods as in the

attached template (see example with 3 steps). The analysis can then be used for
Interactive analysis or as part of a Test definition. The Rearrange method is
used to provide the Input data for all Interpolation steps.

Copy & paste an Interpolation step to define additional shear rates to be

interpolated (Ctrl C, Ctrl V).

Interactive analysis
with an example
project:

7.2.1.28 Limitations

This method is used to limit the incoming data points and cut off any value below
the defined minimum, as well as to cut off any value above the defined maximum

<Variable>

Define the X-variable to be limited.

<Limiting>

Use minimum:

• Check this option to use a lower limit

• Minimum: Enter the value for the lower limit

• Check the option Remove data points with value < minimum

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Use maximum:

• Check this option to use an upper limit

• Maximum: Enter the value for the upper limit

• Check the option Remove data points with value > maximum

Minimum is taken from additional input:

Select this option to use the data from the Additional input for interpolation.
AtOnly one data point is allowed as input data. There are two options to define the
Additional input.

Drag and drop to

define additional
input
(green symbol)

Click <Input Data>, dynamic x-values

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Example:

Before limitation

After limitation:

T_min=100°C

T_max=175°C

7.2.1.29 LVE Range

This method is used to calculate the LVE range of an amplitude sweep.

It is also used to detect

• an Upward Deflection

• a Downward Deflection or

• the point at which a curve is Leaving a tolerance band

of any other test type or function.

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<Calculation>

Select the Calculation mode for the LVE detection type:

• Leaving a tolerance band (Default for amplitude sweeps)

- The default parameter for the Tolerance is 3 %. Use a higher value if the
data is very noisy.
- Use curve smoothing to ensure outliers at the very low end of the curve are
removed and to avoid any error in detecting the first point leaving the
tolerance band. The default smoothing range is 5 %. Use a higher value if
the data is not very reliable. Better: Change the measuring system for one
with a larger diameter and smaller gap with respect to the cone angle (low-
viscosity samples) or smaller diameter and larger gap (highly viscous
samples containing particles).

• Detection of an upward bend

- Detects an Upward bend in the measured curve. This method is an

Alternative to the tolerance band and makes sense as alternative for the
function tan(delta) over gamma or a curve of any other test type.

• Detection of a downward bend

- Detects a Downward bend in the measured curve. This method is an

alternative to the tolerance band and makes sense as alternative for the
function G' over gamma or any other curve or test type.

<Variables>

Define the X-variable and the Y-variable:

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.

- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data as well as the variables are automatically adopted.

<Output>

Output data:

• Proposal

- Calculates the proposal for any oscillatory measurement to ensure

measuring results lie within the linear viscoelastic region (non-destructive
measurements). The proposal is slightly higher than limit of the LVE and
therefore on the safe side. Furthermore, it is rounded and easy to
remember.

• Limit of the LVE

- Calculates the Limit of the linear viscoelastic region based on the

Calculation settings.

• Limit of the LVE + proposal

- Combines both options described above.

• Smoothed input data

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

- Use this option to calculate the smoothed curve used for the criterion or to
evaluate the effect of smoothing on any unsteady curve. This option is
mainly used for developing a new method.

Check the parameter Calculate interpolated values for the following variable
to add any other variable to the result.

Example:

Amplitude sweep
with boundary

7.2.1.30 Master Curve (TTS)

The Master curve (TTS) is used

• to measure frequency sweeps at various temperatures

• to shift the curves to a reference temperature

• to extend the frequency range.

The Time Temperature Superposition is used to extend the Frequency range

of a Frequency sweep. Furthermore the Flow activation energy is calculated
from the shift factors using the Arrhenius regression.

Requirements

The Polymer Analysis Package is an optional feature of RheoCompass™. To

check whether the license feature is enabled, click on About RheoCompass and
check whether the feature Analysis package is Enabled. To request a trial
license, including the feature, please use the contact form in "Ch 12, License
Features for Trial" and provide all required information.

Samples:

• Use this method for linear polymers (polymer melts)

• The method is designed for Maxwell-like samples

• It does not work on branched polymers, polymers with cross-links, emulsions

or samples containing solid particles

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• It may work (with limitations) on samples undergoing a phase transition, such

as crystallization processes. For such cases, we recommend using a specific
template based on a continuous-frequency sweep superimposed by a
temperature ramp:

<Modes>

TTS mode:

There are two TTS modes; Standard TTS and Generalized TTS. The standard
mode is used for shifting moduli of a frequency sweep:

• Standard TTS (variation of temperature)

- Use this mode for shifting-frequency sweeps measured at different

temperatures

• Generalized TTS (variation of any variable)

- Use this mode for Master curves based on shear rate, pressure or
temperature

Calculation mode:

• Recalculate Values for a Different Target Value

- Use this mode to calculate:

• A frequency-sweep-based master curve at any temperature
(interpolated) which is not necessarily the measured temperature.
• Note: aT, and bT shift factors are not included in the resulting variables

- Typically, the target values are calculated in two steps:

In step one, the so-called master curve based on reduced rheological
variables G'/bT(omega*aT) and G''/bT(omega*aT) is calculated. Because
these variables cannot be presented together with standard frequency

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

sweeps, in the second step, G'/bT is converted to G' and G''/bT to G''. The
target temperature of this second step could be any temperature converted
by the frequency sweeps.

Master Curve

Result data

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• Calculate a master curve

- Use this mode to calculate:

• Reduced variables
• Shift factors aT and bT used for the Arrhenius or WLF regression

• Calculate values from a master curve

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

Use this method to convert reduced variables into frequency sweep variables

<Variables>

Variable mode:

• Two variable as a function of frequency

- This is the default option for shifting-frequency sweeps

• One variable as a function of frequency

- In the case of unsteady curves with various outlines, we suggest shifting

one curve at a time, e.g. G'

• One variable as a function of time

- Select this option to shift the Relaxation modulus G(t)

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 7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

<Calculation>

The definition of the Reference temperature or Target temperature depends on

the Calculation mode.

Settings for calculation mode:

• One variable as a function of frequency

- Target value: Define the target temperature of the Master curve. If the
target value is equal to the minimum or maximum temperature and a
warning is displayed, then try with a slightly higher temperature, e.g.
190.1 °C instead of 190 °C or 259.9 °C instead of 260 °C.

• Calculating a master curve

- Take reference value from additional input:

Get x-values from additional input:
Select this option to use the value from the Additional input for
interpolation. Only one data point is allowed as input.
There are two options for defining the Additional input:

Drag and drop to

define additional
input
(green symbol)
Click <Input Data>,
dynamic x-values

- Reference value is given manually:

Use any frequency-sweep temperature. If the temperature does not comply
with the temperature of the frequency sweep a warning will be displayed.

• Settings

- Use Automatic settings by default. If the default does not work try with
Manual settings.

• Shift directions

- For most master curves of polymer melts, the Horizontal shift provides
good results. For partially crystalline structures, or if a sample undergoes a
phase transition (TTS of solid bars), it is advisable to use the Horizontal
and vertical shift. This ensures compensation for the change in density
(vertical shift).

• Range

- This is the allowed maximum deviation of the measuring points from the
reference curve. Increase this parameter if a warning is displayed. 100 %
is still acceptable for curves with outliers in a log-scaled diagram.

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<Limiting>

• Use input data only from a given range of x-values:

- Define a range of frequencies for the input data. Use this option if all points
outside a certain frequency limit are found to be invalid. Select the action
Analysis and the step Master curve (TSS). Select the tab <Parameters>
and the tab on the right-hand side <Input limiting data> to define the
values for Use input data only from the given range of x-values.

• Do not use the following input data for calculation of shift factors but
do not switch:

- Define the relative range of the curve that should not be used for calculation
but should be shifted and taken up into the resulting curve. This is a kind of
data weighting. Typically, the priority range of the shifted curve is in the mid
area, whereas at the lower and higher ends, the data is not so reliable.
Select the action Analysis and the step Master curve (TSS). Select the
tab <Parameters> and the tab at the right side <Input limiting data> to
define the relative range that should not be used for calculation.

7.2.1.31 Master Curve (TTS) (FAQ)

Q: I have measured several frequency sweeps at various temperatures but can

not shift the data. Each attempt is terminated with a warning. What can I do to get
it to work? What are the limitations of the method?

For trouble shooting, please read this information carefully and change the
settings accordingly.

The Time-Temperature Superposition is a method used for extending the

Frequency range of a Frequency sweep. Furthermore, the Flow activation
energy is calculated from the shift factors using the Arrhenius regression.

Project Templates:

Use one of the templates provided by RheoCompass to analyze your sample. The
following project template can be found in the App Manager, <New Project>.

Templates:

Type of Polymer Melt:

For some materials it may not be advisable to run the TTS method.

• The method has been developed to shift rheologically simple thermoplastics

that obey the Maxwell Model.

• In an ideal case, the polymer has a linear structure and is amorphous.

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• Some polymer melts, for example PE (LDPE, HDPE), do not provide any
significant extension of the frequency range. It is more efficient to run a
single frequency sweep over a wider frequency range.

• The method should not be used for filled polymers nor should it be used for
polymer melts with the tendency to show degradation (PET, PA, etc.).

• It is very difficult to shift curves of crystalline polymers and of polymers

undergoing a phase transition (see remarks below).

LLDPE:

150°C–250°C

- not effective -

Overlapping of Curves:

Make sure the curves overlap if shifted in horizontal direction. It is helpful to show
only one variable on the Y1 axis (here G' versus Omega) for a visual assessment.

Visual assessment

Example The -20° C curve does not overlap with the 0 °C curve.
Remedy: Remove the -20 °C from the input data or
measure at some additional temperatures, e.g. -15 °C,
-10 °C, -5 °C to allow the curves to overlap.

Unsteady Shape of Curve:

For some samples it is quite difficult to find the right parameter settings to obtain
good measuring data at lower and higher frequencies. This is even more difficult
if the sample is measured at various temperatures.

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There are three options to improve the TTS result by removal of outlying data
points:

1. Define a relative range of the curve which should not be used for
calculation but should be shifted and taken up into the resulting curve.
Typically, the priority range of the shifted curve is in the mid area, whereas at
the lower and higher ends, the data is not so reliable. Select the action
Analysis and the step Master curve (TSS). Select the tab <Parameters>
and the tab at the right side <Input limiting data> to define the relative
range that should not be used for calculation.

Example

Weighting of data

Result without data

weighting:

G' only

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Result with data weighting:

G' only (option: one variable

as function of frequency)

2. Remove single outliers in the diagram (1st click marks complete curve, 2nd
click just one point; hold the shift key to mark a range). Now right mouse click
and uncheck the option Use and show selected Datapoint(s). The data
points are no longer used as input data for the TTS analysis.

3. Define a range of frequencies for the input data. Use this option if all points
outside a certain frequency limit are found to be invalid. Select the action
Analysis and the step Master curve (TSS). Select the tab <Parameters>
and the tab at the right side <Input limiting data> to define the values for
Use input data only from a given range of x-values.

More Calculation Parameters:

Target Define the target temperature of the Master curve. If the target
value value is equal to the minimum or maximum temperature and a
warning is displayed, then try with a slightly higher temperature,
e.g. 190.1 °C instead of 190 °C or 259.9 °C instead of 260 °C.
Settings Use Automatic settings by default. If the default does not work,
try with Manual settings.
Shift For most master curves of polymer melts, the Horizontal shift
directions provides good results. In the case of partially crystalline
structures, or if a sample undergoes a phase transition (TTS of
solid bars) it is advisable to use the Horizontal and vertical shift.
This ensures compensation for the change in density (vertical
shift).
Range This is the allowed maximum deviation of the measuring points
from the reference curve. Increase this parameter if a warning is
displayed. 100 % is still acceptable for curves with outliers in a
log scaled diagram.

Input Variables:

Variable Default is Two variable as a function of frequency. In the case

mode of unsteady curves with various outlines we suggest to shift one
curve at a time, e.g. G'. In that case, select the option One
variable as a function of frequency.

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7.2.1.32 Molar Mass Eta(0)

This method is used to calculate molar mass Mw from the zero-shear viscosity
eta(0).

Samples:

• This method is suitable for linear polymers (polymer melts) only

• The method is based on Maxwell-like samples

• It does not work on branched polymers, polymers with cross-links, emulsions

or samples containing solid particles

Alternative Methods:

The Regression, Carreau-Yasuda method is a good alternative to the MMD

Bimodal or Molar mass Eta(0) method, providing reliable relative data for the
Mw, MMD and Relaxation time Lambda. Compared to the Molar mass Eta(0),
the parameter from Carreau-Yasuda is directly related to the rheologically
measured data.

Requirements

The Polymer Analysis Package is an optional feature of RheoCompass™. To

check whether the license feature is enabled click on About RheoCompass and
check whether the feature Analysis package is Enabled. To request a trial
license, including the feature, please use the contact form in "Ch 12, License
Features for Trial" and provide all required information.

<Input data>

The method is always used in combination with Regression and calculation of

the zero-shear viscosity, which is needed as an input parameter.

Select the result from the analysis method Regression Carreau-Yasuda as

input. This method provides the zero-shear viscosity calculated from a Flow
curve or Frequency sweep. Do not forget to select the corresponding X and Y
variables depending on the test type.

Combination of
regression and
molar mass
calculation

<Parameters>, <Material parameters>

Select the material parameters for the polymer melt. The material parameters are
material dependent.

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• Relaxation time coefficient k

• Relaxation time coefficient a

Click the button Material parameters to get the list of material parameters from
the literature for a selection of polymer melts.

The parameters recommended for this method are marked with Mw=K*eta0^a.
Select the parameter identical with the measuring temperature.

7.2.1.33 MMD Bimodal H(lambda)

Use the method MMD Bimodal H(lambda) for the calculation of molar mass
distribution from a continuous relaxation time spectrum.

Samples:

• The method is suitable for linear polymers (polymer melts) only

• The method has been developed for Maxwell-like samples

• It does not work on branched polymers, polymers with cross-links, emulsions

or samples containing solid particles

• For industrial polymers, this is only a rough estimation as the theory has
been developed based on ideal linear samples with narrow distributions.

Alternative Methods:

The Regression, Carreau-Yasuda method is a good alternative to the MMD

Bimodal or Molar mass Eta(0) method, providing reliable relative data for the
Mw, MMD and Relaxation time Lambda. Compared to the Molar mass Eta(0),
the parameter from Carreau-Yasuda is directly related to the rheologically
measured data.

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Requirements

The Polymer Analysis Package is an optional feature of RheoCompass™. To

check whether the license feature is enabled click on About RheoCompass and
check whether the feature Analysis package is Enabled. To request a trial
license, including the feature, please use the contact form in "Ch 12, License
Features for Trial" and provide all required information.

Calculation of the MMD is based on three steps:

1. A Frequency sweep is measured, which should provide the zero shear

viscosity region as well as the Power law region with Curve cross over. If
a frequency sweep does not provide both regions, it is advisable to Extend
the frequency range or to create a Master curve using the appropriate
Project template for TTS.

Example

*

2. Relaxation time spectrum (continuous): The Relaxation time spectrum is

generated from the Transition region between the Zero shear viscosity
plateau and the Power law region. The Relaxation time spectrum is still
based on the measured data and is thus a good indicator for the polymer
structure of the investigated polymer melt. No model parameters are needed
to calculate the Relaxation time spectrum.

I. Lambda_min = 1 / Omega_max; Lambda_max = 1 / Omega_min

II. The Relaxation time Lambda is proportional to the Molar mass of each
component

III. The H(lambda) is the Intensity of each component (molecule)

IV. By multiplying the Relaxation time with the Intensity, a quasi Gaussian
distribution is generated equivalent to the MMD distribution

V. This is still rheological data and not "diluted results"—in contrast to the MMD,
whose accuracy depends on the input of model parameters

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Example

3. MMD: The molar mass distribution is based on the Relaxation time

spectrum and the Material parameter from the literature. For industrial
polymers, the resulting values are considered relative.

Example:

The RheoCompass <App Manager> includes a Project template as well as a

Project Template with example for polymer analysis.

Click New project and <Examples> or <Melts> and <Oscillation, frequency

sweep> to filter the templates. Select:

• Frequency sweep, melt with spectrum and MMD

• Frequency sweep, melt with spectrum and MMD (example)

Settings in RheoCompass:

To set the Material parameter for the specific polymer to be investigated select
the tab <Analysis>, action Analysis and step MMD bimodal H(lambda). In the
Details pane click Material parameters and make a copy (e.g. copy to MS
Excel). The Material parameters have been adopted from various scientific
papers published by international scientists. Very often, they refer to model melts

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

and not to industrial polymers. Thus, the resulting MMD curve as well as the result
texts are not guaranteed to be absolutely correct. The material parameters
depend on the temperature they were evaluated at.

Anton Paar is not responsible for the parameters. For unknown polymers, it is
advisable to select any parameter close to the sample you are going to measure
and use the resulting curve for comparison.

Example:

Now set the values for the Output data and Material parameters in the tabs on
the left-hand side of the Details pane.

Example

Execution of an Analysis Method:

There are two possible methods for defining the data to be analyzed

1. Interactive in the diagram: Mark the G' curve in the Frequency sweep
diagram, click the Calculator icon and Analyze in the ribbon <Curve>,
<Operation>, Expand Or select an analysis contained in the project and
select the Analysis Spectrum & MMD to execute the analysis. The
Analysis result is then directly linked to the Test.

2. Use Drag and drop to the Main input of the 1st analysis step Spectrum,
relaxation or Details, Input data to define the Frequency sweep to be
analyzed. A separate test is generated with the analysis result.

• Start the analysis

• The result is now displayed in the diagram. Click on the result in the data tree
to see further Details of the analysis.

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Example:

Material parameters

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

Distribution Settings:

• Kernel function: The Kernel function of first choice is the Single

exponential kernel

• Edge-preserving method: Gives better estimation at ends of spectrum

(depending on the polymer to be investigated and the quality of the
frequency sweep data).

• Unimodal, bimodal or auto:

• Due to the complicated mathematical algorithm it is difficult for an

inexperienced user to see whether a second peak is related to measuring
artifacts in the input data (Frequency sweep) or a true bimodal distribution.

- The Unimodal option is intended for inexperienced users or for known

Unimodal material.
- The Bimodal option is used for analyzing polymer blends with a second
peak or a shoulder in the MMD.
- The Auto mode is intended to be used for unknown samples.

Calculation Settings for Spectrum, Relaxation:

• Automatic: Use these settings by Default.

• Manual: Use these settings if the Auto mode does not provide any result.

- Alpha calculation: Use the value 0.01 (or 0.1) if the Auto calculation does
not work.

• Output range:

- Number of alpha values: Define the number of resulting data points for
Lambda
- Lambda-Range limits:
• Use Automatic (edge smoothing) as default
• Use Gaussian if the Automatic provides noisy data
• Use Full spectrum if the left or right end of the spectrum is missing
• Use Set range manually to define your own limits for the Lambda_min
and Lambda_max depending on the Omega range of the frequency
sweep (Lambda_min = 1 / Omega_max; Lambda_max = 1 /
Omega_min).

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7.2.1.34 MMD Inverse

Use this method to calculate the Continuous relaxation time spectrum from a
Molar mass distribution.

Requirements

The Polymer Analysis Package is an optional feature of RheoCompass™. To

check whether the license feature is enabled click on About RheoCompass and
check whether the feature Analysis package is Enabled. To request a trial
license, including the feature, please use the contact form in "Ch 12, License
Features for Trial" and provide all required information.

<Output>

Select the Output data type:

• Total spectrum

• Entanglement spectrum

• Glass spectrum

Enter the number of data points to be generated and the limitations of the
spectrum (default is from 0.001 s to 100 s).

<Material Parameters>

Enter the material parameters of the polymer melt (default settings shown):

7.2.1.35 MRF Analysis

MRF analysis is used if either the set variable Current I or the magneto-
rheological variables are not included in the measuring data.

<Calculation>

Select the calculation mode:

• Calculate magnetic flux density B from current I

- Calculate magnetic flux density B from current I using the parameter

Magnetic Flux Density of Cell

• Measure magnetic flux density B with Teslameter 5180

- Measure magnetic flux density B with a Tesla Meter connected to the MCR
and selected as Accessory in the Configuration

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<Relative permeability of sample>

Define the Relative permeability of the sample at different Field strengths.

Values should be separated by semicolons.

Typical values for the MRD are already defined in the project templates for MRF.

<Magnetic flux density of cell>

Only visible in mode Calculate magnetic flux density B from current I.

Define the magnetic flux density within the measuring gap without sample at
different flux densities. A list of values is provided with the measuring cell based
on the standard configuration with the PP20/MRD and without spacer ring.

Typical values for the MRD are already defined in the project templates for MRF.

<Current profile>

Set the values according to the measuring profile being used in this test with the
correct scaling type.

In case of a constant voltage, set Initial value and Final value to the same value
and used Linear scaling.

7.2.1.36 Quality Control

Use Quality control to check whether a measured value is within a certain

tolerance.

<Calculation>

Define the allowed tolerance for the x-variable being used.

Tolerance Modes:

• Constant relative tolerance with target value and tolerance

- Enter Target value and Tolerance [%]:

• Constant absolute tolerance with target value and tolerance

- Enter Target value and Tolerance [Unit]:

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• Constant relative tolerance with upper and lower boundary

- Enter Upper boundary and Lower boundary:

<Variables>

Define the X variable to be checked.

<Output>

In options, the criteria for the quality control check are defined.

Define the criteria as Passed if

• all input points are within the tolerance (recommended)

• maximum n points are outside the tolerance

• maximum n % of all points are outside the tolerance

The result of the quality-control check is defined with the option Output data.

Define whether the result is / contains

• The passed/failed result as result text but No result data points

• One result data point with passed/failed result (recommended)

- Data point stored in variable Logical Value b_log

• All input data points

• All input data points within the tolerance

• All input data points outside the tolerance

• Tolerance boundaries

• All input data points each with relative deviation from the target value

- Result stored in variable Relative deviation Delta_rel

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7.2.1.37 Regression

This method is used to apply any regression model to the measured curve, and
to extrapolate the regressed curve

<Calculation>

• Weighting of the fit:

- Relative error:
• Data with small x-values are weighted higher than data with large x-
values
• This provides a better fit of data points at smaller values
- Absolute error:
• Even weighting of all data points
• Mainly used to be compatible with previous software packages

• Regression parameter:

- The regression parameter are calculated by the evaluation algorithm to fit

the calculated to the measured values. Each regression model has a
certain number of regression parameter. The regression parameter are
calculated automatically. Optionally parameter can be defined by the user
as given parameter.

• Regression model:

- All regression methods are universal methods which makes it possible to

apply the method to a frequency sweep Eta * (omega) as well as a flow
curve Eta(shear rate).
- X = X-variable defined in input data; very often this is Shear rate, Angular
frequency, Temperature
- Y = Y variable defined in input data; very often this is Eta, Eta* or Tau, G*

Regression Typical curve Application Formula

model function
Arrhenius Eta(T), aT(T) The Arrhenius regression describes the
change of the viscosity with temperature.
The equation is valid for liquid materials. It
can also be used to describe the
temperature dependency of the zero
shear viscosity.
Auto- all Curve regression with an auto selection of
Regression any regression model based on a
weighted least-square function.

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Regression Typical curve Application Formula

model function
Bingham Tau (shear The Bingham regression describes the
rate) flow curve of a material with a yield stress
and a constant viscosity (Newtonian
behavior) at stresses above the yield
stress. It is frequently used for food or
cosmetics.
Related models are the Casson
regression and the Herschel-Bulkley
regression which also describe materials
with a yield stress.
The parameter a is calculated as the y-
axis value at x=0, the parameter b is
calculated as the slope of the curve at x -
>∞.
Blau The Blau regression has been
developed to describe the viscosity curve
of casting slip. It has a shear thinning
region and an end zone with a constant
infinite viscosity.
Carreau Eta (shear The Carreau regression describes the
rate) viscosity curve of a material with
Newtonian regions at low and at high
shear rates and a shear thinning region at
medium shear rates.
This model is equivalent to the Carreau-
Gahleitner regression with the parameter
b=2.
Carreau- Eta (shear The Carreau-Gahleitner regression
Gahleitner rate), Eta* describes the viscosity curve of a material
(omega) with Newtonian regions at low and at high
shear rates and a shear thinning region at
medium shear rates.
If the parameter b is equal to 2, this
equation is identical with the Carreau
regression described in the previous
chapter.

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Regression Typical curve Application Formula

model function
Carreau-Yasuda Eta (shear The Carreau-Yasuda regression
rate), Eta* describes the viscosity curve of a material
(omega) with Newtonian regions at low and at high
shear rates and a shear thinning region at
medium shear rates. It is often used to fit a
curve of a polymer melt measured with a
frequency sweep.
Fit parameter for a typical polymer melt:

With:

The method is a good alternative to the

MMD Bimodal or Molar mass Eta(0)
method. Compared to these methods the
data is directly related to the rheologically
measured data.
Casson Tau (shear Casson regression for Yield stress
rate) analysis which is typically used for
characterization of food products,
chocolate, blood or other yielding
samples.
The Casson equation describes the flow
curve of a material with a yield stress and
a non-Newtonian behavior at stresses
above the yield stress.

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Regression Typical curve Application Formula

model function
Casson-Steiner Tau (shear The Casson-Steiner regression
rate) describes the flow curve of a material with
a yield stress and a non-Newtonian
behavior at stresses above the yield
stress. It often provides a good fit for
blood and for food products; it is often
used for chocolate.
It is similar to the Casson regression but
takes the radius ratio for concentric
cylinder systems into account. For
concentric cylinder systems according to
DIN/ISO this ratio is 1.0847.
Cross Eta (shear The Cross regression describes the
rate), Eta* viscosity curve of a material with a zero
(omega) shear viscosity, a constant viscosity at
high shear rate values and a shear
thinning region in between. It is similar to
the Carreau, Carreau-Yasuda or Carreau-
Gahleitner evaluation.
The Cross regression often fits well to
polymer melts and to biopolymers. The
second Newtonian region cannot
necessarily be observed for these
materials.
e-Function all Exponential curve regression based on
an exponential function.
Ellis Tau (shear The Ellis regression is often used to
rate) describe the flow behavior of polymers,
especially at low shear rates. It describes
a material with a zero shear viscosity and
a shear thinning region. The high shear
rate range is not considered in this model.
Eyring-Prandtl- The Eyring-Prandtl-Ree regression
Ree describes the flow behavior of a material
whose viscosity is approaching a constant
value for -> 0. The model has been
developed with the assumption that
molecules change their position in the
direction of the applied stress.
Herschel- Tau (shear The Herschel-Bulkley regression
Buckley rate) describes the flow curve of a material with
a yield stress and shear thinning or shear
thickening behavior at stresses above the
yield stress.

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Regression Typical curve Application Formula

model function
IOCCC 2000 / Tau (shear Curve regression for Yield stress
Windhab rate) analysis according to the
IOCCC2000/Windhab method for
characterization of Chocolate.
This analysis method is generally used for
the evaluation of flow curves from
chocolate and other cocoa products. It is
recommended by the 'International Office
of Cocoa, Chocolate and Sugar
Confectionery'.
Krieger- Eta(volume The Krieger-Dougherty regression
Dougherty concentratio describes the viscosity curve as a function
n) of the volume concentration of a filler
Eta(volume concentration). It is often used
to describe the behavior of suspensions.
Newton Tau (shear The Newton regression describes the
rate) flow curve of a material with a constant i.e.
shear rate independent viscosity. The flow
curve is a straight line through the origin,
the slope of the curve is the viscosity.
Select function tau(shear rate) as input
data to calculate the Newtonian viscosity.
Ostwald/ Eta (shear The Power law (Ostwald) regression
Power Law rate), Eta* can be used to represent the flow curves
(omega) of shear-thinning or shear-thickening
materials. If the exponent p is equal to
one, the equation is identical to the
Newton model. For a shear-thinning
material, p is smaller than one, and
greater than one for shear-thickening
materials.
Phillips-Deutsch Tau (shear The Phillips-Deutsch regression
rate) describes the flow curve of a material that
has two Newtonian regions, one at very
low shear rates and one at high shear
rates. In between, the material is shear
thinning. This model is similar to the
models Carreau and Carreau-Gahleitner.
Quemada The Quemada regression is commonly
used to evaluate measurements on blood
and serum.
Sisko The Sisko regression describes the
behavior of a material with a shear
thinning and a Newtonian region at high
shear rates.

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Regression Typical curve Application Formula

model function
Steiger-Ory Tau (shear The Steiger-Ory regression describes
rate) shear thinning materials.
Stettin The Stettin regression can be used to
describe the viscosity as a function of
temperature where the Arrhenius equation
does not give a good correlation between
measured and calculated values.
Temperature This Temperature regression can be
used to describe the temperature
dependency of a material where the
Arrhenius equation does not give a good
correlation between measured and
calculated values.
Tscheuschner Tau The Tscheuschner regression has been
(shear rate) developed to describe the flow behavior of
chocolate in a broader range than the
Casson equation.
Vinogradov- Eta The Vinogradov-Malkin regression
Malkin (shear rate) describes the viscosity curve of a material
with a zero shear viscosity value and a
shear thinning region. The model can be
optimized for different parameters (see
'Optimization Target') depending on the
sample behavior.
WLF aT(T) Curve regression used for temperature
sweeps of non curing samples according
to the WLF model.
The Williams-Landel-Ferry equation
describes the temperature dependence of
the viscoelastic properties of a material. It
is used for the time temperature
superposition of viscoelastic data.
Measurement data, from a frequency
sweep for example, taken at one
temperature can be shifted horizontally to
complement
the data taken at a different temperature.
Thus, the material properties can be
studied over a broader frequency range
than it would be possible with just the
measurement data at a limited frequency
range. The constants a and b are typical
values for the material that has been
measured, they can be calculated with the
'WLF I' evaluation.

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<Variables>

Define the X-variable and the Y-variable:

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.

- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data as well as the variables are adopted automatically.

<Output>

Use the output to define the range of the regressed curve.

• X-values from main input data (default)

- The regression is done for the same x values as measured

• X-values from list

- Use a list of X-values to define a new range for the regressed curve. Even
extrapolation is allowed using the list of predefined X-values.

• Redistribute X-values equidistantly

- Define the number of X-values within the measured range but distributed
equidistantly with a linear or logarithmic distribution

• X-values from additional input data

- Use the additional input of the analysis step to read X-values from any
other result to be used as X-values for the regressed curve.

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7.2.1.38 Rearrange

This method is used to rearrange the incoming data points, and to generate a
temporary result from the data input, which is then used in several other steps as
Input data.

Example: Using the method Rearrange, a temporary result <T1> is created,

which is then used to calculate the Curve Minimum, Maximum and Slope.
Benefit: Only one input needs to be defined for three independent methods.

<Calculation>

Time Correction:

Select the option to keep all time values unchanged or to set the very first input
data point to 0. Example: A measurement contains four intervals but only intervals
2 to 4 are defined as input data. To start the time counter in interval 2 with a time
of 0 s, the second option should be selected.

• Keep time values unchanged

• Redefine time values (set start time of first data point in first interval to 0)

Interval Handling:

• Store all data ranges in one single result interval.

- Example: Input data contains intervals 1, 2 and 3. Result data is just one
interval containing the data points of all three previous intervals.

• Store input data ranges in separate result intervals.

- Example: Several input data ranges are defined. Each data range is stored
in a separate result interval.

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Missing Variables:

• Drop variables not contained in every input data range.

- Example: In input data, two data ranges are defined. The result of data
range 2 does not contain variable gap but all other variables also contained
in data range 1. After rearranging the two data sets, the gap is removed
from the resulting data.

• Keep variables not contained in every input data range, and set value as
valid.

- Example: In input data, two data ranges are defined. The result of data
range 2 does not contain variable gap but all other variables also contained
in data range 1. After rearranging the two data sets, the gap is added to the
2nd data range with a value of 0.

7.2.1.39 Result Field

The method Result field is used to define 1, 2, 3 or 4 variables as Result text.

It is advisable to allow only one Input data point in this method. The input data is
adopted from any other method, such as interpolation, providing many variables
to make a selection of the variables needed for a report or to be displayed in the
diagram legend.

<General>

Use different number formats for the variables:

• Check this option to set the number format individually for each of the
defined variables.

Use different units:

• Check this option to set the units individually for each of the defined
variables.

<Variable>

Define the variable, the number format and the units of the variable.

7.2.1.40 Smoothing

Smoothing is used to remove noise from the data.

<Calculation>

Select the Smoothing algorithm:

• Standard smoothing (Default)

- Using this method, the same smoothing algorithm is applied to the

complete curve range

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- Select this option if outliers are distributed over the whole curve
- Smoothing strength with manual settings:
• Linear: 5 % = low; 10 % = moderate; 20 % = strong
• Logarithmic: 1 % = low; 3 % = moderate; 6 % = strong

• FFT smoothing

- Using this method, the curve is divided into segments, each with individual
curve smoothing.
- Select this option if there are more outliers in a very limited area of the
curve

Select the Smoothing mode:

• Select one of the smoothing modes according to the diagram settings

• It is advisable to select Auto-smoothing by Default.

<Variables>

Define the X- and Y-variable(s)

• There is no need to define the variables by using the interactive analysis.

- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data points
the data as well as the variables are taken over automatically.

<Interpolation>

Select the distribution method for the resulting x-values:

• Use the x-values of the input data

• Redistribute x-values equidistantly (use as Default).

7.2.1.41 Sorting

Sorting is used to sort the values of a variable

<Sort by>

Select the variable and the sorting order for this variable:

• Ascending

• Descending

Example:

This method is often used to sort a flow curve of a yield fluid by shear rate (in a
stress-controlled test) or shear stress (in a shear-rate-controlled test).

Background: In the transition from rest to flow, the curve becomes unsteady. This
method is used to sort the values.

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7.2.1.42 Spectrum Inverse, Relaxation

This method is used calculate the Moduli G', G'' or G(t) from a Continuous
relaxation time spectrum.

The method is used for checking the accuracy of the Continuous relaxation
time spectrum with various parameter settings by reversing the calculation. By
setting a manual output range, the method can also be used for extrapolating the
frequency sweep data:

• G', G'' -> Spectrum, relaxation -> Spectrum inverse, relaxation -> G', G''

It can also be used for converting a function such as:

• G', G'' -> Spectrum, relaxation -> Spectrum inverse, relaxation -> G(t)

• G(t) -> Spectrum, relaxation -> Spectrum inverse, relaxation -> G', G''.

Samples:

• Use this method for linear polymers (polymer melts) only

• The method is based on Maxwell-like samples

• It does not work on branched polymers, polymers with cross-links, emulsions

or samples containing solid particles.

<Calculation>

Define the input variables. Typically the input variables are Dynamic moduli G',
G''.

Check if the temperature is included in input data.

<Output>

Number of Lambda values: Enter the number of Lambda values to be calculated

for the spectrum (Default = 90).

Lambda-range limits (wider but noisier range from top to bottom options):

• Automatic (Gaussian smoothing)

- Provides an output range based on a Gaussian distribution

• Automatic (Edge smoothing)

- Provides an output range based on smoothened edges)

• Automatic (full spectrum)

- Provides a full spectrum based on the inverse values of the input data
frequency range

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• Manual

- Allows to set the limits for lambda individually

- Use 1/frequency(maximum) for Lambda(minimum)
- Use 1/frequency(minimum) for Lambda(maximum)

Example:

This is an example for converting the measured relaxation modulus G(t) from a
step-strain test into frequency-sweep data with the modulus G'(omega). There
are three steps for create the result data:

1. Measurement of the Relaxation modulus G(t) using a step strain test

2. Calculation of the Relaxation–time spectrum H(lambda)

3. Conversion of the Relaxation–time spectrum into moduli G'(omega) and

G''(omega)

The example can also be found in the RheoCompass App Manager called Step
rate, Start up flow, example.

Measurement of G(t):

Calculation of Spectrum H(lambda)

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Calculation of frequency sweep

data

7.2.1.43 Spectrum, Relaxation

This method is used to calculate the Continuous relaxation time spectrum from
the dynamic moduli.

Samples:

• Use this method for linear polymers (polymer melts) only

• The method is based on Maxwell-like samples

• It does not work on branched polymers, polymers with cross-links, emulsions

or samples containing solid particles

<Calculation>

Define the input variables. Typically the input variables are Dynamic moduli G',
G''.

Check if the temperature is included in input data.

Define the settings of the method:

• Use Automatic to let the software select the settings

• Use Manual to define settings manually, especially if the automatic mode

does not provide good data.

- Alpha calculation:
• Calculate value automatically
• Define value manually (use 0.01 as default)
- Smoothing:
• No smoothing
• Cubic spline
• Output: Relaxation time spectrum

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• Output: Smoothened input data (used for checking the effect of the
curve smoothing; development of a method with user defined
settings)
- Bandwidth:
• Set to default value = 1 %

Edge-preserving regularization (EPR): Based on the regularization method

commonly used in rheology, the relaxation-time spectrum is assumed to be
smooth. Accordingly, the method is not able to properly resolve spectra containing
edges or at least containing large curvatures as proposed in the literature. By
selecting the Edge preserving regularization (EPR), peaks are more significant
in the terminal relaxation regions.

<Output>

Number of Lambda values: Enter the number of Lambda values to be calculated

for the spectrum (default = 90).

Lambda-range limits (wider but noisier range from top to bottom options):

• Automatic (Gaussian smoothing)

- Provides an output range based on a Gaussian distribution

- Extrapolation of data beyond the time scale of the input data

• Automatic (Edge smoothing)

- Provides an output range based on smoothed edges)

- Limited extrapolation of the time scale of the input data

• Automatic (full spectrum)

- Provides a full spectrum based on the inverse values of the input data
frequency range
- No limitation applied to the time scale of the input data

• Manual

- Allows the limits for lambda to be set individually

- Use 1/frequency(maximum) for Lambda(minimum)
- Use 1/frequency(minimum) for Lambda(maximum)

7.2.1.44 Yield Point

Yield point is used to determine the upward inflection of two variables, typically
shear strain and shear stress in a logarithmically scaled diagram. The yield point
is found at the point where the curve slope changes, assuming that the sample
undergoes a change in material properties.

The method is used for calculating

- the flow point TAU_f (sometimes also called the flow stress) based on the
upward inflection of the Gamma(tau) function. At the flow point, the gel
character changes to a liquid character and the sample starts to flow.
Settings: Mathematical & Logarithmic

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- the yield point TAU_y (sometimes also called the yield stress) is based on
an upward inflection of the Gamma(tau) function. No significant change of
the internal structure occurs as long as stresses below the "yield point" are
applied. Below the yield point, the material shows reversible viscoelastic
behavior. Settings: Linear & Geometric.

Instead of using the described method Yield point, we recommend using the
ready-to-use Macros for Flow point and Yield stress calculations.

<Calculation>

Define the calculation settings for the Yield point calculation.

• Calculation mode

- Geometrical determination (default)

• Select the scaling type of the regression
• Automatic (default): The software decides whether to select a
linear / linear or linear / polynomial regression
 linear / linear: linear regression for both parts of the curve in a
logarithmically scaled diagram
 linear / polynomial 3rd degree: linear regression for the lower part
and polynomial regression of 3rd order for the upper part of the
curve. Very often the polynomial regression of 3rd order is the
better choice for the upper part of the curve.
• The geometrical regression is based on a regression line for the range
below and above the investigated point. The yield point is found at the
intercept of the two regression lines.
• It is advisable to use logarithmic scaling and calculation
• The more data points the better and more reliable the result will be.

- Mathematical determination
• Select the scaling type of the axes
• x logarithmic / y logarithmic (default)
• x linear / y logarithmic
• x logarithmic / y linear
• x linear / y linear
 Linear regression for both parts of the curve in a logarithmically
scaled diagram
• Using the mathematical calculation, the onset is determined in the
logarithmically scaled gamma-tau diagram. A regression line is fitted to
the measuring data and the point is determined with the maximum
distance at both ends of the line. This point is reported to be the yield
point.
• It is advisable to use logarithmic scaling and calculation
• The more data points, the better and more reliable the result will be.

• Bending direction

- Upward bending (default)

- Downward bending

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• Bandwidth

- 5% is the recommend default value. This value is used to calculate error

boundary.

• Output data

- One data point with yield point

• The calculated intercept is saved as result. This allows the data point to
be shown in a diagram, table or report.
- Curve with criterion
• Both regression curves are saved in a single result. The result is then
used to show the quality of the regressed curve.
- No output data
• No result data point is generated but the result is visible in the analysis
text result.

<Variables>

Define the X- and Y-variable(s)

• There is no need to define the variables by using interactive analysis.

- Using the Calculator icon in the ribbon with manual selection of data
points, the data as well as the variables are automatically adopted.

7.2.1.45 Glass Transition Temperature

The glass transition is a continuous relaxation process from a frozen glassy

structure into a more flexible rubber-like material behavior. This process of
relaxation allows broad interpretation about where exactly to find the glass
transition temperature Tg.

Peak Tg (tan()max) or End point temperature Tefg can be used as lower limits of the use‐
temperature range of adhesives or elastomer based end products. In an ideal case the
moduli of G’ and G" are almost constant in the rubber‐elastic region which means that
the material properties such as the tackiness and shear strength are constant as well. For
thermo‐melt or thermo‐set based end products the extrapolated onset temperature Teig
or the Peak Tg (G"max) should be used as upper limits of the use‐temperature range
which means the material is dimensionally stable until this limit is reached.

This method is used to calculate the glass transition temperature of a sample

measured in shear, torsion or extension.

<Calculation>

Calculation method:

Select one of the following calculation modes for calculating the glass transition
method:

• Half step height method (ISO 11357-1, ISO 11357-2)

• Calculation of the extrapolated onset temperature Teig

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• Calculation of the extrapolated midpoint temperature according to the half

step height Tmg
• Calculation of the extrapolated end temperature Tefg

• Flex point method (ISO 11357-1, ISO 11357-2)

• Calculation of the extrapolated midpoint temperature at the flex point Tmg

• 2% method (DIN 65583, DIN 29971)

• Calculation of the extrapolated onset temperature according to the 2 %

method Tg2%
• Calculation of the midpoint temperature Tmg

Input variables:

Define the X- and Y-variable T, G’ for shear rheological measurements and T,

E’ for extensional measurements.

Y-Scaling:

• Linear (recommended for the 2 % method)

• logarithmic

Fig. 7 - 10 Example for the half step height method.

7.3 Analysis Macros and the Macro Designer

The Macro action combines analysis steps. It is a kind of Black box containing
one or multiple Steps with Methods.

The Macro designer can be used in the RheoFinder to define a new macro or to
edit any existing macro.

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In contrast to the Methods, the Macro is ready-to-use and has no or few

parameter settings.

To update a local copy of the macro which is part of a test definition, open the
source project and click the ribbon button Analysis, Analysis Macro, Replace
by original.

Special Settings in the Details Pane:

1. In <Name, Info> the Name and a Description, which is shown when the
mouse cursor is over the action, should be defined.

2. Use the tab <Remarks> to define information text for each step.

3. In <Parameters> all details defined for Visibility can be set (to be defined in
the macro designer).

4. Use Input data to define the input data of the macro or drag and drop to
input.

5. Use Result data to define a result name or to define a result as temporary

data to be used as input data for other steps. Insert placeholders to predefine
an automated naming dependent on the test input and information.

Examples of ready-to-use analysis macros:

Macro in the analysis

action

Macros in the
RheoFinder (Macro
Designer)
Open the macro in edit
mode or create a new
one

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7 Analysis Methods, Macros and Steps

Macro in edit mode of

the macro designer

Example for visibility

details

Save and close Click ribbon RheoFinder, Save to save and close
the procedure designer
To adopt changes into Open the project and click the ribbon button
the test definition Analysis, Analysis Macro, Replace by original

7.3.1 Overview of the RheoCompass Analysis Macros

A Macro is a ready-to-use Analysis macro consisting of one or multiple analysis

methods. The Macro is more Application oriented whereas the Method is the
Basic mathematical model used in all Macros with application-specific presets.

This list summarizes the most frequently used analysis Macros.

The documentation and the Macros described therein are subject to change
without notice.

Requirements

The Polymer Analysis Package is an optional feature of RheoCompass™. To

check whether the license feature is enabled, click on About RheoCompass and
check whether the feature Analysis Package is Enabled. To request a trial
license, including the feature, please use the contact form in "Ch 12, License
Features for Trial" and provide all required information.

The Interfacial Analysis Package is an optional feature of RheoCompass™. To

check whether the license feature is enabled, click on About RheoCompass and
check whether the feature Analysis Package is Enabled. To request a trial
license, including the feature, please use the contact form in "Ch 12, License
Features for Trial" and provide all required information.

Name of Macro Function

Averaging
Averaging all variables, over Rheological variables are calculated from the average of motor
data points variables within a single test result.
Averaging all variables, over Rheological variables are calculated from the average of motor
results variables over several test results.
Averaging complex Calculation of the average value of complex viscosity within a single
viscosity, over data points test result.

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Name of Macro Function

Averaging viscosity, over Calculation of the average value of viscosity within a single test
data points result.
Cloud point
Cloud point Cloud-point calculation based on an Eta(T) upward inflection. This
method is used for crude oils as well as for other liquid-like
emulsions.
Pour point, midpoint Pour-point calculation based on an Eta(T) curve inflection. This
method is used for crude oils as well as for other liquid-like
emulsions.
Pour point, onset Pour-point calculation based on an Eta(T) downward bending. This
method is used for crude oils as well as for other liquid-like
emulsions.
Conversions
Conversion Cox-Merz, Conversion of the shear viscosity into complex viscosity based on
Eta(gamma-dot) -> the empirical Cox-Merz rule (only valid for linear unfilled polymers).
Eta*(omega)
Conversion Cox-Merz, Conversion of the complex viscosity into shear viscosity based on
eta*(omega) -> eta(gamma- the empirical Cox-Merz rule (only valid for linear unfilled polymers).
dot)
Conversion frequency Conversion of the measured storage G' and loss modulus G'' into a
sweep, G', G'' -> G(t) relaxation modulus G(t).
Conversion frequency Conversion of the measured storage G' and loss modulus G'' into a
sweep, G', G'' -> H(lambda) continuous relaxation time spectrum H(lambda).
Conversion mirror relation, Conversion of transient viscosity function Eta(t) into a shear
Eta(t) -> Eta(gamma-dot) viscosity (should be used with the specific project template).
Conversion relaxation Conversion of the measured relaxation modulus G(t) into a
modulus with correction, G(t) continuous relaxation time spectrum H(lambda). Correction: The
-> H(lambda)) initial part of the Gamma(t) curve is cut off based on a detection of a
local maxima.
Conversion relaxation Conversion of the measured relaxation modulus G(t) into storage
modulus, G(t) -> G', G'' and loss moduli G' and G''.
Conversion relaxation Conversion of the measured relaxation modulus G(t) into a
modulus, G(t) -> H(lambda)) continuous relaxation time spectrum H(lambda).
Conversion spectrum, Conversion of the calculated continuous relaxation time spectrum
H(lambda) -> G(t) H(lambda) into a relaxation modulus G(t).
Conversion spectrum, Conversion of the calculated continuous relaxation time spectrum
H(lambda) -> G', G'' H(lambda) into storage G' and loss modulus G''.
Creep analysis
Creep (Burgers Regression of a creep curve based on a generalized Burgers model
generalized) with the curve regions: Instantaneous, viscoelastic and Newtonian
compliance.
Creep (Burgers model) Regression of a creep curve based on a standard Burgers model
with the curve regions: Instantaneous, viscoelastic and Newtonian
compliance.
Creep and recovery Regression of a creep and recovery curve based on a generalized
(Burgers generalized) Burgers model with the curve regions: Instantaneous, viscoelastic
and Newtonian compliance.

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Name of Macro Function

Creep and recovery with drift Regression of a creep and recovery curve based on a generalized
correction (Burgers Burgers model with the curve regions: Instantaneous, viscoelastic
generalized) and Newtonian compliance. A drift correction is applied to correct
the values between creep and recovery.
Creep with drift correction Regression of a creep curve based on a generalized Burgers model
(Burgers generalized) with the curve regions: Instantaneous, viscoelastic and Newtonian
compliance. A drift correction is applied to correct the values
between creep and recovery.
Creep with drift correction Regression of a creep curve based on a standard Burgers model
(Burgers model) with the curve regions: Instantaneous, viscoelastic and Newtonian
compliance. A drift correction is applied to correct the values
between creep and recovery.
Rate of curing
Curing, rate of cross-linkage Calculation of the rate of cross-linkage from storage modulus versus
(X) time G'(t). The variable is stored as physical variable X (choose
variable group <all variables> to display).
Curing, t_Rp (X) Calculation of time t_Rp with the maximum rate of cross-linkage
from storage modulus versus time G'(t). The variable is stored as
physical variable X (choose variable group <all variables> to
display).
Corrections
Correction of CSR, CSS Use this macro to correct any frequency sweep data measured with
factor the pressure cell (PR-STD or PR400). The measuring profile should
comply with the following settings: 31 pt, gamma = 5 %,
omega = 0.01 - 10 rad/s (log ramp). The resulting data is acceptable
for samples such as PE, PP melts. Please note that this is just a
rough estimation and can only be considered as relative data. We
suggest to cross-check the results with a standard measuring cell.
Correction of phase angle Use this macro to correct an incorrect CSR or CSS factor. Please
(PR cell) note that this does not replace a real measurement and is only a
rough estimation of the true measuring data.
Curve cross over
Curve cross over G', G'' Calculation of the cross-over between the functions G'(gamma) and
(gamma) G''(gamma).
Curve cross over G', G'' Calculation of the cross-over between the functions G'(omega) and
(omega) G''(omega).
Curve cross over G', G'' Calculation of the cross-over between the functions G'(tau) and
(tau) G''(tau).
Curve cross over G', G'' (T) Calculation of the cross-over between the functions G'(temperature)
and G''(temperature).
Curve cross over G', G'' (t) Calculation of the cross-over between the functions G'(t) and G''(t).
Curve difference
Curve difference gap (d_1 – Calculation of the gap difference between the first and last
d_final) measured points.
Curve derivatives
Curve derivatives (lin, 3% Calculation of the curve derivatives. Criterion: Linear smoothing with
smoothing) 3 %. The resulting variables are stored as physical variables X = 1st
derivative; Y = 2nd derivative (choose variable group <all variables>
to display).

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Name of Macro Function

Curve derivatives (lin, auto Calculation of the curve derivatives. Criterion: Linear smoothing with
smoothing) auto factor. The resulting variables are stored as physical variables
X = 1st derivative; Y = 2nd derivative (choose variable group <all
variables> to display).
Curve derivatives (log, 3% Calculation of the curve derivatives. Criterion: Logarithmic
smoothing) smoothing with 3 %. The resulting variables are stored as physical
variables X = 1st derivative; Y = 2nd derivative (choose variable
group <all variables> to display).
Curve derivatives (log, auto Calculation of the curve derivatives. Criterion: Logarithmic
smoothing) smoothing with auto factor. The resulting variables are stored as
physical variables X = 1st derivative; Y = 2nd derivative (choose
variable group <all variables> to display).
Curve inflections
Curve inflection point Calculation of the curve inflection point.
Curve inflection point Calculation of the Eta*(T) curve inflection point.
Eta*(T)
Curve inflection point G'(T) Calculation of the G'(T) curve inflection point.
Curve inflection point G'(T), Calculation of the G'(T) curve inflection point in a linear diagram.
linear
Curve minimum and
maximum
Curve maximum Calculation of the curve maximum of any variable.
Curve maximum Delta(T) Calculation of the delta(T) curve maximum.
Curve maximum Eta(t) Calculation of the eta(t) curve maximum.
Curve maximum Calculation of the G''(gamma) curve maximum.
G"(gamma)
Curve maximum G"(T) Calculation of the G''(T) curve maximum.
Curve minimum Calculation of the curve minimum of any variable.
Curve minimum Delta(T) Calculation of the delta(T) curve minimum.
Curve minimum, FN(d) Calculation of the FN(d) curve minimum.
Curve rise
Curve rise Eta 10% Calculation of a 10 % Eta curve raise based on the initial value.
Curve rise Eta 50% Calculation of a 50 % Eta curve raise based on the initial value.
Curve rise Eta 90% Calculation of a 90 % Eta curve raise based on the initial value.
Curve rise G' 10% Calculation of a 10 % G' curve raise based on the initial value.
Curve rise G' 50% Calculation of a 50 % G' curve raise based on the initial value.
Curve rise G' 90% Calculation of a 90 % G' curve raise based on the initial value.
Curve slope
Curve slope G"(omega) Calculation of the G''(omega) curve slope.
Curve slope G'(omega) Calculation of the G'(omega) curve slope.
Curve slope lin-lin Calculation of the curve slope of any variable in a linear diagram.
Curve slope log-log Calculation of the curve slope of any variable in a logarithmic (x-
axes) and linear (y-axes) diagram.
Dahlquist criterion

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Name of Macro Function

Dahlquist criterion, lower limit Calculation of the lower limit for the Dahlquist criterion. The limit is
used to evaluate a PSA or hotmelt in the used-temperature range.
Dahlquist criterion, Calculation of the recommended value for the Dahlquist criterion.
recommended The recommended value is used to evaluate a PSA or hotmelt in the
used-temperature range.
Dahlquist criterion, upper Calculation of the upper limit for the Dahlquist criterion. The limit is
limit used to evaluate a PSA or hotmelt in the use-temperature range.
Flow stress, Flow
transition, Yield stress,
Yield point
Flow stress TAU_f, curve Calculation of the flow stress TAU_f in an amplitude sweep based
cross over G'=G'' on the curve cross-over G'=G''. At the flow stress the gel character
changes to a liquid character. Please check if TAU_f > TAU_y. The
result is invalid if the calculated flow stress is lower than the yield
stress.
Flow stress TAU_f, upward Calculation of the flow stress TAU_f based on the upward inflection
inflection, gamma(tau) of the Gamma(tau) function. At the flow stress the gel character
changes to a liquid character and the sample starts to flow.
Flow transition TAU_f, peak Calculation of the flow transition based on a peak of G'' in an
G'' amplitude sweep. The peak is indicating a maximum in energy
dissipation before the breakdown of the internal structure.
Yield stress TAU_y, onset G' Calculation of the yield stress or yield point TAU_y based on the
(log) onset found in an amplitude sweep using a logarithmic weighting.
No significant change of the internal structure occurs as long as
stresses below the "yield point" are applied. Below the yield stress,
the material shows reversible viscoelastic behavior.
Yield stress TAU_y, upward Calculation of the yield stress or yield point TAU_y based on an
inflection, Gamma(tau) upward inflection of the gamma(tau) function. No significant change
of the internal structure occurs as long as stresses below the "yield
point" are applied. Below the yield stress the material shows
reversible viscoelastic behavior.
Yield stress, TAU_y onset G' Calculation of the yield stress or yield point TAU_y based on the
(lin) onset found in an amplitude sweep using a linear weighting. No
significant change of the internal structure occurs as long as
stresses below the "yield point" are applied. Below the yield stress,
the material shows reversible viscoelastic behavior.
Hysteresis area
Hysteresis area (1-up, 2- Hysteresis area previously known as thixotropy value. The input
down) data should contain two intervals with an up and a down ramp in
shear-rate control.
Hysteresis area (1-up, 3- Hysteresis area previously known as thixotropy value. The input
down) data should contain three intervals with an up (interval 1) and a
down ramp (interval 3) in shear-rate control. Interval 2 is a hold
interval.
Inertia criteria
Inertia criteria (Ratio = M / The inertia criteria defines whether the measured result is valid at
M_el) higher frequencies.
- excellent if M / M_el > 2%

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Name of Macro Function

- acceptable if M / M_el >
0.5%
- poor if M / M_el < 0.5%
Integration
Integration Calculation of the integral value below a curve.
Integration, FN(d) Calculation of the FN(d) integral value.
Interpolation
Interpolation, shear rate Interpolation of all shear rotational variables at the shear rate of
100s-1 100s-1, whereas shear rate and viscosity are stored in the result
field.
Interpolation, shear rate 1s-1 Interpolation of all shear rotational variables at the shear rate of
1s-1, whereas shear rate and viscosity are stored in the result field.
Interpolation, shear rate 50s- Interpolation of all shear rotational variables at the shear rate of
1 50s-1, whereas shear rate and viscosity are stored in the result field.
Interpolation, shear rate 50s- Interpolation of all shear rotational variables at the shear rate of
1 50s-1, whereas shear rate and viscosity are stored in the result field.
Interpolation, user defined Interpolation of all shear rotational variables at the shear rate <user
defined>, whereas shear rate and viscosity are stored in the result
field.
Linear-viscoelastic range
Linear-viscoelastic range Calculation of the limit of the linear viscoelastic range based on a
LVER, limit (3%) boundary definition of 3 %.
Linear-viscoelastic range Calculation of the limit of the linear viscoelastic range based on a
LVER, limit (3%) and boundary definition of 3 %. A proposal is given for other oscillatory
proposal tests such as the frequency sweep.
Linear-viscoelastic range Calculation of the limit of the linear viscoelastic range for
LVER, limit (3%) and extensional test based on a boundary definition of 3 %. A proposal
proposal (extension) is given for other oscillatory tests such as the frequency sweep.
Linear-viscoelastic range Calculation of the proposal for other oscillatory tests such as the
LVER, proposal frequency sweep based on the detection of the linear viscoelastic
range with a boundary definition of 3 %.
Molar mass
Molar mass, cross-linked Input: Density needed as input variable (to be defined in 'Start' as
elastomer (Mooney-Rivlin) additional input
Output: Mw = Average molar
mass between two links;
X = Link concentration;
Y = Polymerization density
Molar mass, relative Calculation of the relative molar mass from a viscosity curve based
on the k-value of a polymer.
Plateau modulus
Plateau modulus, Gn0 Calculation of the plateau modulus with input data = frequency
sweep or master curve. Gn0 = G' @ tan(delta)min.
Polydispersity index
PDI, polydispersity index Calculation of the polydispersity index (= 100000/G') based on
curve cross-over of a frequency sweep with G' = G''.

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Name of Macro Function

PVC Gelation
PVC, Final Gelation Calculation of the final gelation point of a curing PVC plastisol
sample.
PVC, Initial Fusion Calculation of the initial fusion point of a curing PVC plastisol
sample.
PVC, Initial Gelation Calculation of the initial gelation point of a curing PVC plastisol
sample.
Rearrange
Rearrange, merging Rearrange or merge all data defined as input data (Example: Copy
all intervals of the incoming data into one). This Macro is also used
to create a temporary result taken over as input data in other steps
of the analysis.
Curve regression
Regression, aT, WLF Curve regression used for temperature sweeps of non-curing
samples according to the WLF model.
Regression, auto Curve regression with auto selection of any regression model.
Regression, e function Curve regression based on an exponential function.
Regression, Quemada Curve regression according to the Quemada model.
Regression, Tau, Casson- Curve regression for a flow curve according to Casson-Steiner.
Steiner
Regression, Tau, Ellis Curve regression for a flow curve according to Ellis.
Regression, Tau, Newtonian Select function tau(shear rate) as input data to calculate the
viscosity Newtonian viscosity.
Regression, Tau, Phillips- Curve regression for a flow curve according to Phillips-Deutsch.
Deutsch
Regression, Tau, Sisko Curve regression for a flow curve according to Sisko.
Regression, Tau, Steiger-Ory Curve regression for a flow curve according to Steiger-Ory.
Regression, Tau, Curve regression for a flow curve according to Tscheuschner.
Tscheuschner
Regression, Curve regression for eta(T) according to Arrhenius.
Eta(temperature), Arrhenius
Regression, Curve regression for eta(T) according to Settin.
Eta(temperature), Stettin
Regression, Eta(volume Curve regression for eta(volume concentration) according to Kieger-
concentration), Krieger- Dougherty.
Dougherty
Regression, Eta, Carreau Curve regression for viscosity according to Carreau.
Regression, Eta, Carreau- Curve regression for viscosity according to Carreau-Gahleitner.
Gahleitner
Regression, Eta, Carreau- Curve regression for viscosity according to Carreau-Yasuda. This is
Yasuda a recommended model for polymer analysis. The output data is
extrapolated from 0.001s-1 to 1000s-1.
Regression, Eta, ceramic Curve regression for viscosity for ceramic slurries.
suspensions

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Name of Macro Function

Regression, Eta, Cross Curve regression for viscosity according to Cross. This is a
recommended model for polymer analysis. The output data is
extrapolated from 0.001s-1 to 1000s-1.
Regression, Eta, power law Curve regression for viscosity according to the power-law model.
slope
Regression, Eta, Vinogradov- Curve regression for viscosity according to Vinogradov-Malkin.
Malkin
Regression, yield stress, Curve regression for yield stress analysis according to Bingham.
Bingham The input range is limited from 10s-1 to 100s-1 to provide a better
curve fit. The output range is defined
from 0s-1 to 100s-1 to show the Y intercept.
Regression, yield stress, Curve regression for yield stress analysis according to Casson. The
Casson (advanced) input range is limited from 10s-1 to 100s-1 to provide a better curve
fit. The output range is defined from
0s-1 to 100s-1 to show the Y intercept.
Regression, yield stress, Curve regression for yield stress analysis according to Casson used
Casson (standard) for characterization of chocolate. The input range is limited from
10s-1 to 100s-1 to provide a better curve fit. The output range is
defined from 0s-1 to 100s-1 to show the Y intercept.
Regression, yield stress, Curve regression for yield stress analysis according to Herschel-
Herschel-Bulkley Bulkley. The input range is limited from 10s-1 to 100s-1 to provide a
better curve fit. The output range is defined from
0s-1 to 100s-1 to show the Y intercept.
Regression, yield stress, Curve regression for yield stress analysis according to the
IOCCC2000 / Windhab IOCCC2000/Windhab method for characterization of chocolate.
Smoothing
Smoothing, auto Smoothing of any variable with auto smoothing settings.
Smoothing, FFT Smoothing method which is segment based (alternative to the
standard smoothing method).
Smoothing, low (lin-lin) Smoothing of any variable. Settings: Low smoothing in linear scaled
diagrams.
Smoothing, low (lin-log) Smoothing of any variable. Settings: Low smoothing in linear (x-
axes) and logarithmic (y-axes) scaled diagrams.
Smoothing, low (log-log) Smoothing of any variable. Settings: Low smoothing in
logarithmically scaled diagrams.
Smoothing, moderate (lin-lin) Smoothing of any variable. Settings: Moderate smoothing in linear
scaled diagrams.
Smoothing, moderate (lin- Smoothing of any variable. Settings: Moderate smoothing in linear
log) (x-axes) and logarithmic (y-axes) scaled diagrams.
Smoothing, moderate (log- Smoothing of any variable. Settings: Moderate smoothing in
log) logarithmically scaled diagrams.
Smoothing, strong (lin-lin) Smoothing of any variable. Settings: Strong smoothing in linear
scaled diagrams.
Sorting
Sorting of x-axes variable Sorting of all values of the selected x-axes.
Transition temperatures
Tg, Tc, Tm

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Name of Macro Function

Tc, crystallization Calculation of the crystallization temperature based on a curve
temperature cross-over in G'(T) and G''(T).
Tg | Flex point | T_mg | ISO Calculation of the extrapolated midpoint temperature at the flex
11357 point Tmg.
Tg | Step | T_eig, T_mg, Calculation of the extrapolated onset temperature Teig, the
T_efg | ISO 11357 extrapolated midpoint temperature according to the half step height
Tmg, and the extrapolated end temperature Tefg.
Tg | 2% offset | T_g2% | Calculation of the extrapolated onset temperature according to the
DIN 65583, DIN 29971 2% method Tg2% and calculation of the midpoint temperature Tmg.
Tg, peak Delta(T) Calculation of the glass-transition temperature Tg_peak based on a
maximum in Delta(T).
Tg, peak G"(T) Calculation of the glass-transition temperature Tg_peak based on a
maximum in G''(T).
Tm, melting temperature Calculation of the melting temperature Tm at the curve cross-over
G'=G'' based on a temperature sweep.
Thixotropy
Thixotropy, all, 3ITT-Rot-Rot- Calculation of the Thixotropy. Test conditions according to DIN-
Rot (DIN-SPEC91143-2) SPEC91143-2 with three rotational intervals.
Thixotropy, recovery after Calculation of the recovery after 300s. Test with oscillatory load in
300s, 3ITT-Osc-Rot-Osc the 1st and 3rd intervals and shear in the 2nd interval.
Thixotropy, recovery after Calculation of the recovery after 30s. Test with oscillatory load in the
30s, 3ITT-Osc-Rot-Osc 1st and 3rd intervals and shear in the 2nd interval.
Thixotropy, recovery after Calculation of the recovery after 60s. Test conditions according to
60s, 3ITT-Rot-Rot-Rot (DIN- DIN-SPEC91143-2 with three rotational intervals.
SPEC91143-2)
Thixotropy, recovery until Calculation of the recovery until 25 % of the initial value. Test with
25%, 3ITT-Osc-Rot-Osc oscillatory load in the 1st and 3rd intervals and shear in the 2nd
interval.
Thixotropy, recovery until Calculation of the recovery until 25 % of the initial viscosity value.
25%, 3ITT-Rot-Rot-Rot (DIN- Test conditions according to DIN-SPEC91143-2 with three rotational
SPEC91143-2) intervals.
Thixotropy, recovery until Calculation of the recovery until 50 % of the initial value. Test with
50%, 3ITT-Osc-Rot-Osc oscillatory load in the 1st and 3rd interval and shear in the 2nd
interval.
Thixotropy, recovery until Calculation of the recovery until 50 % of the initial viscosity value.
50%, 3ITT-Rot-Rot-Rot (DIN- Test conditions according to DIN-SPEC91143-2 with three rotational
SPEC91143-2) intervals.
Thixotropy, recovery until Calculation of the recovery until 90 % of the initial value. Test with
90%, 3ITT-Osc-Rot-Osc oscillatory load in the 1st and 3rd interval and shear in the 2nd
interval.
Thixotropy, recovery until Calculation of the recovery until G'=G''. Test with oscillatory load in
G'=G'', 3ITT-Osc-Rot-Osc the 1st and 3rd intervals and shear in the 2nd interval.

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7.4 Analysis Action

A short instruction for the Analysis action can be found in Chapter 5, "Ch 5.3,
Action Analysis".

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8 Windows

8.1 Diagram Window

RheoCompass™ offers you unprecedented presentation options:

• Zoom function
• Recorded pictures can be assigned to measuring points
• Direct analysis of presented data by selection in diagram
• Automatic scaling during measurement
• Any number of curves and axes available
• Free placement and in-place editing of all elements (text, picture, logo)
• Data optionally presented as coordinates

The diagram window is used to present one or more results selected in the
Project data tree. To display any result or any measurement interval, check the
box in front of the item. Use the Expander icon in the header of the Project data
tree to Expand all tests currently displayed in the diagram. Other options are
Collapse all tests or Expand all tests.

To edit the

• Diagram plane and all related items, use the Ribbon Diagram. Move the
mouse point over the ribbon item to see additional information about the
ribbon function.

• Axis settings or to add or remove an axis from the diagram, use the Ribbon
Axis. Move the mouse point over the ribbon item to get additional
information about the ribbon function.

- With the Quick Curve function, you can generate comprehensive and
attractive diagrams at the touch of a button.

• Curve settings, such as the curve scheme and other items, use the Ribbon
Curve.

- Edit scheme: Use this menu item to edit the active scheme in the scheme
dialog or to save a scheme as a user-defined scheme. Scheme
templates that have already been saved can be found in the Scheme
templates category in the RheoFinder.
- Replace with scheme: Use this menu item to replace all marker with the
default markers of the currently selected scheme. Move the mouse point
over the ribbon item to see additional information about the other ribbon
functions.

• Legend content, click on the legend and open the Details pane. Add or
remove items for the lists using (+) or (-) to customize the legend

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Interactive Curve Analysis Within the Diagram

Analysis macros are started by selecting data points in the diagram.

With the first click, all measuring points are selected. Part of the curve can be
selected with the second and third click by holding the shift key. The calculator
icon in the curve ribbon is then used to select the appropriate analysis macro. The
regressed curve is presented immediately together with the parameters in the
diagram legend.

For further information, the analysis result is selected in the navigation pane. The
info pane then shows the corresponding regression long result.

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Read the chapter "Ch 8.3, Report Designer Window" in this manual for further info
about how to add a Diagram or Data such as Analysis results to a report, and
how to print this to PDF.

Automation Using Auto-Display

For each window of type Diagram or Table, the next test result can be shown
automatically.

To predefine the next measurement, click the <Auto-Display> tab in the

Navigation pane.

Use the option Multi-display mode from the ribbon Presentation to show all new
results without removing previous results from the window.

Multi-display mode

By adding or removing Actions from the Test definition the Auto-display of the
windows might be reset. Thus it is advisable to check all Auto-display settings
for all Windows after any modification of the Test definition.

Example: Auto-Display with two Test definitions contained in the project. The
Result names are taken from the name of the actions of type Analysis or
Measurement. Every time a new measurement is started, the previous result is
removed from the window and the new results from Test definition 1, Frequency
sweep, Interval 1 are displayed automatically.

Auto-display

Results selected manually in the data tree of the Navigation pane are
permanently shown in the window.

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8.2 Media Explorer Window

The Media Explorer manages and displays pictures or sequences filmed by

connected CCD cameras such Digital Eye. You are also given the option of
simultaneous video recording with multiple cameras, e.g. for flow visualization,
with two cameras filming a sheared sample; one from below, and one from the
side. Pictures and video sequences can be optionally displayed directly in the
diagram, assigned to the measuring points at which they were recorded.

Requirements

The media window is an optional feature of RheoCompass™. To check whether

the license feature is enabled, click on About RheoCompass and check whether
the feature Usage of camera is Enabled. To request a trial license, including the
feature, please use the contact form in "Ch 12, License Features for Trial" and
provide all required information.

There is some shared functionality between the Media window and the Diagram
Window. Therefore it is advisable to add the Media window to the same View as
the Diagram window.

All functions of the media window are found in the Ribbon Media. Move the
cursor over the ribbon item to see additional information about the ribbon function.

The Media window has 4 different modes:

• Library, used to show or edit media content such as Pictures or Videos or

the current Project

- Details pane: Assignment of test and Video or Picture

• Video player, used to playback video

- Details pane: Assignment of test and Video or Picture

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• Picture player, used to playback pictures

- Details pane: Camera settings and selection of the Video input device

• Livecam, used for recording or showing a live image

- Details pane: Camera Settings And Selection Of The Video Input

Device

Recording Of Pictures And Video

For any further information about how to record pictures or videos simultaneously
to a measurement please refer to the chapter "Ch 5.4, Action Camera" in this
manual.

Playback of Video Recorded with a Measurement

Follow these step-by-step instructions:

• Make sure Media window and Diagram are in the same View
• Switch Media window to mode Video player
• Select the Measurement in the Diagram
• To playback the video, click Ribbon Curve, Video, Play and select the
video stream
• A large Marker on the curve will show the position of the video while shown
in the Media window

Extract a picture from the video stream:

• Select the Measurement in the Diagram

• Select video: Click Ribbon Curve, Video, Play and select the video
stream
• Click on the Media window to enable the Ribbon controls
• Click Ribbon Media, Video, Take Snapshot to take snapshots from the
video stream
• To add the snapshots to the Diagram:
-Select the Measurement in the Diagram
-Click Ribbon Diagram, Picture, Insert from media and select any
picture from the list

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-The picture is now added to the diagram with a connecting line between
picture and data point

Adding Pictures to a Curve in a Diagram

To add a picture to a curve in a diagram that has been recorded with a

measurement, simply follow these step-by-step instructions:

• Open a diagram
• Click Ribbon, Diagram, Picture, Insert from project media
• Select the item from the list of pictures related to the measuring point

Where to Find the Media Data (Pictures and Videos)

All media content is stored in a specific folder and not in the RheoCompass
database. Keep this in mind when migrating a computer or for your backup-and-
restore strategy.

To open the path click Rh, Options, Backup, Open media path.

How to Export a Project with Pictures and Video

Whenever a project is exported, the pictures and videos are exported as well
(Rh1.15 or any higher). The file can then be imported by any other Client and all
data is restored in the local computer.

8.3 Report Designer Window

Use the Report designer to generate comprehensive measuring reports in a

flexible fashion. Items such as Table, images (company logos), test related Data,
Shape, Text, Barcode are available. Diagrams are placed in a Pinboard which
is a kind of micro-page within the main page of the report. Once the report is
finished you can Export it in PDF format or assign it to a test.

Requirements

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The Report Designer window is an optional feature of RheoCompass™. To

check whether the license feature is enabled, click on About RheoCompass and
check whether the feature Report Designer is Enabled. To request a trial license
including the feature please use the contact form in "Ch 12, License Features for
Trial" and provide all required information.

The Report designer is not available for the Light version of RheoCompass.
However, any Light version can easily be upgraded.

The Report is used in combination with automated tests, including measurement,

analysis and export to XPS or PDF at the end of a test definition to summarize the
results. The report page(s) are then automatically exported to PDF or linked to the
test stored in the RheoFinder.

To automatically export a Report as PDF or XPS add an Export action to the test
definition. For any further information on Actions please refer to "Ch 5, The
Actions" in This Manual.

To Add A Report

• Add New view

• Change the name of the view from 'View' to 'Report'.

• Click the ribbon Window, Window, New report

Report Templates

• Predefined Report templates are already included in RheoCompass

Editing the Report

• Edit the items of the predefined report using the ribbon function

• Report to add new items or

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• Presentation to format text items or the report page(s)

Some Things to Remember when Creating a New Report

• Header and footer

- The report consist of a Header, a Footer and a Content area in-between.

The size of the header and footer is variable.
- The header and the footer are identical for all pages.

• Adding a Diagram

- Before adding a diagram, be sure to add a Pinboard (micro-page). Next,

add the diagram to the Pinboard. Otherwise the diagram will have the width
of the page and will not be not scalable. If the diagram displays a scroll bar,
increase the height of the item or remove obsolete data from the linked
diagram.

• Adding a Table

- Add the table at the end of the report, once you have finished the main part.
Do not add the table to a pinboard.
- You may duplicate existing tables to prepare a specific table for the report
or reference the original table. This is quite helpful if only a part of the
measurement is presented in a table, e.g. Table 1, Interval 1; Table 2,
Interval 2, etc. Report-specific tables can be hidden behind the report
window in the same view if only used for the report.

• Linked windows such as tables and diagrams

- Diagrams and tables presented in the report are 'linked windows' of any
table or diagram window contained in the current project.
- Make sure the original window is set up to show the 'Next test' and 'Next
analysis' by default. This is done in the 'Auto-Display' tab of the diagram
or table window (see figure below):

• Adding a specific Data item to a report (no need to use a table for presenting
single values of results)

- Single measuring points as well as analysis results are easily added by

using the Data item from the ribbon Report. With the Data item there is
access to all data stored in the database. Use the placeholder <Next test>

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(4) to ensure that the latest test result is presented in the report window.
You may combine a 'Data' item (2) with a 'Text' item (1) to comment on the
values presented in the report.
- Example with Text for commenting on the analysis result (1) and Analysis
short result in the next line (3, 4).

List with the most important data items provided by the Report Designer

Name Data Type

Project info
Project Project name
Date Project Info -> Modified
(last modified)

Test info
Test, name Test name -> Test ->
Test, sample Test info -> Next test -> Test info type -> Test definition
Test, batch No Test info -> Batch no.-> Test info type -> Test definition
Test, created Test info -> Next test -> Created -> Test definition
(date)
Test, manufacturing date Test info -> Next test -> Manufacturing data
- Long format of the complete test definition
Test, description Test info -> Next test -> Description- > Test definition
Measuring definition Measuring definition->Next test->Test definition->Result
(V 1.15) - Short format of test definition with measurement definition only
Test, measuring system Test info -> Next test -> Test type info -> Measuring system name
Test, signature Test info -> Test info type -> Signature -> Type of signature with user /
date

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Data point value

Value of Value -> Next test -> Test definition -> Measurement -> Specific interval -> Specific data
variable xy point
Data value -> Variable -> Unit -> Number format -> Valid digits

Example:
Insert a text (1st line) and
data item (2nd line):

Text and data-type item in

content area of report:
The data will be displayed
for the <next test>
Definition of the data
point:
- data
- data value

Analysis Result Info

Short result text Result text data -> next test -> test definition -> result (analysis)
-> Analysis short result text

Measuring set configuration

Measuring set configuration Measuring set configuration (short)
(short)
• Configuration
• Device
• Measuring cell
• Measuring system
CSS or CSR factor Data->Value
Data Value-> Variable->All variables->CSR / CSS factor

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8.4 Table Window

The table window is used to present one or more results selected in the Project
data tree. To display any result or interval from a measurement, check the box in
front of the item. The selected intervals and results are displayed in separate tabs.

Use the Expander icon in the header of the Project data tree to Expand all tests
currently displayed in the diagram. Other options are Collapse all tests or
Expand all tests.

To get an 'endless' long list with all intervals and results currently selected in a
table it is advisable to add the table to a Report, e.g. click ribbon Window, Report,
Insert, Table (portrait) to add a new report referenced to Table 1 or insert any
other table into the report.

To edit the Table properties click the Ribbon Table. You can now add or remove
variables and change all properties such as the scaling and other settings. Move
the cursor over the ribbon item to see additional information about the ribbon
function.

Read the chapter "Ch 8.3, Report Designer Window" in this manual for further info
about how to add a Table or single values of the measurement as Data item to a
report and how to print this to PDF.

Automation using Auto Display

For each window of type Diagram or Table, the next test result can be shown
automatically.

To predefine the next measurement, click the <Auto-Display> tab in the

Navigation pane.

Use the option Multi-display mode from the ribbon Presentation to show all new
results without removing the previous results from the window.

Multi-display mode

By adding or removing Actions from the Test definition, the Auto-display of the
windows might be reset. Thus it is advisable to check all Auto-display settings
for all Windows after any modification of the Test definition.

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Example: Auto-Display with two Test definitions contained in the project. The
Result names are taken from the name of the actions of type Analysis or
Measurement. Every time a new measurement is started, the previous result is
removed from the window and the new result of Test definition 1, Frequency
sweep, Interval 1 is presented automatically.

Auto-display mode

Results selected manually in the data tree of the Navigation pane are
permanently shown in the window.

8.5 View

Use a View to display a single or multiple Windows in one View.

To edit the View tabs and all related items use the Ribbon View. Move the cursor
over the ribbon item to see additional information about the ribbon function.

To show a view during test execution use the Action View as described in this
manual (see "Ch 5.13, Action View").

8.6 Automation Definition Window

The Lab Automation Service is a license feature of RheoCompass.

The Automation service is used for Data exchange between the Anton Paar
RheoCompass™ software and a Customer software in a Lab Information
Management System.

The Automation definition window is used to define a list of measurement-

result elements.

The automation results are stored in an xml Result file using the action Export.

A result element consists of a user-defined Label and a Data type.

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Use the Ribbon Automation to Insert, Move or Delete elements in the

Automation definition.

For more information about the Lab automation service, refer to "Ch 11, Lab
Automation Service".

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9 Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear

(LAOS) Raw Data

9.1 Raw Data Recording while Simultaneously

Generating a Measuring Point

Use this option to record the raw signal simultaneous to generating a measuring
point in dynamic mode. One complete cycle with 512 raw data points is stored
with each data point of the defined measuring profile. Raw data from any cycles
during the adjustment phase are not recorded. All data is automatically processed
and LAOS variables are provided in real time during the measurement.

Requirements

The Raw data feature is an optional feature of RheoCompass™ but is included

for all MCR 502 and MCR 702 series rheometers. To check whether it is included,
click on About RheoCompass and check whether the feature Raw Data is
Enabled. To request a trial license including this feature, please use the contact
form in "Ch 12, License Features for Trial" and provide all required information.

Performance

Due to the load of raw data points recorded with each measuring point, it is
advisable to not store more than 20 tests in one Project. To define the limit,
select: RheoFinder, Projects, Select Project, Edit or Project template, Name
Info, Limit.

Additional Settings

To set the number of harmonics recorded in LAOS measurements Click Rh,

Options, Popular, LAOS calculation options.

Project Template

Use the built-in project templates to perform LAOS measurements providing All
type of LAOS variables. This is the recommended Comfort function for LAOS
recording.

• There is no limitation in the number of recorded cycles.

• Raw data is provided for the measuring point only—not as a continuous

stream, and therefore not useful for transient waveform analysis

• The normal force signal is not provided as LAOS data

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9 Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) Raw Data

To start a new measurement open a new project template. There are two
predefined templates, one with and one without demo data.

Templates for LAOS

Some calculated variables

Lissajous figures and waveform diagrams

In the test definition and the measurement action defined therein, there are no
specific settings for LAOS experiments. Typically, the frequency is chosen to be
in a moderate range (not much higher than 10 rad/s). Most LAOS tests are
defined as amplitude sweeps with the final shear-strain measurement lying far
outside the linear viscoelastic region (here 1000 %).

Test definition

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To obtain the raw sine wave for each of the 26 measuring points, the option Get
waveform in the Ribbon Measurement, Raw data must be checked.

Get waveform

Lissajous Figure and Waveform Data in the Dashboard

Open the Dashboard to see additional information, such as temperature, normal

force and gap. In the raw “monitor” the Lissajous figures and waveforms are
optionally displayed. To set up the parameters of the Dashboard, click
Dashboard, Ribbon Dashboard, Monitor settings.

Dashboard with Lissajous figure

and waveform

Presentation of Data in the Diagram(s)

To add any LAOS related variables to a table or diagram, select the variable group
Waveform and LAOS.

Use the Ribbon function, Statistics and harmonics to define the variable. See
example below.

It is possible to add multiple variables of the same type but with different
meanings (Statistics and harmonics).

Ribbon settings

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9 Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) Raw Data

To show the Fourier Coefficients, a new axis is defined with three Fourier
coefficients but different selections of the Harmonics (see screenshot and items
marked in yellow)

Displaying Waveforms in Other Diagrams using the Amplitude Sweep

Diagram

To show the raw data of a single point in one of the diagrams prepared for raw
data, proceed as follows:

• Select a single point in the Diagram, Amplitude sweep

• Click Ribbon function, Curve, Show selection in other diagrams
• Select the Diagrams of interest

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• Check the option Clear diagrams before applying if you would like to
show the selected point only:

Show selection

• Click Apply
• Switch to the other view to see the selection

View tabs containing other diagrams for raw data:

• Rheo-Waveform (containing rheological raw data)

• Raw-Lissajous (containing mechanical raw data)
• Rheo-Lissajous (containing rheological raw data)
• Table (LAOS) (containing LAOS data)
• Table (containing rheological measuring points)
-Place the mouse pointer on "..." to display the raw values of the waveform
-Use the context menu (right mouse key) to copy the table content
(including raw data) and paste it into Excel or any other program

Automated display of the last waveform or Lissajous figure in the diagram

For each window of type Diagram or Table, the next test result can be shown
automatically.

To predefine the next measurement, click the <Auto-Display> tab in the

Navigation pane.

When adding or removing Actions from the Test definition, the Auto-display of
the windows might get reset. Thus, it is advisable to check all Auto-display
settings for all Windows after any modification of the Test definition.

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For presenting the Raw data of the Current measuring point, select the Auto-
Display parameter Last point of the Interval in each Diagram or Table window
used for presenting Raw data.

Auto-display for Last point

Nomenclature

What is the meaning of for sinusoidal strain and for sinusoidal stress?

• Strain-controlled tests

• Shear strain (for sinusoidal strain) = the strain-controlled measurement has

been performed with TruStrain = ON
• Shear strain (for sinusoidal stress) = the strain-controlled measurement
has been performed with TruStrain = OFF

• Stress-controlled tests

• Shear stress (for sinusoidal stress) = the measurement has been

performed in stress control

• Auto-detection

• If Shear strain or Shear stress are selected, the default setting defined in
Rh, Options, Popular, LOAS calculation options is used

9.2 Transient (Continuous) Measurement of Raw

Data

The waveform recording is coupled with the measuring-point generation. The

cycles during adjustment are not recorded and not visible. A new option for
obtaining continuous raw data is presented here using the Raw data sine wave
generator.

Limitations

Due to performance issues it is not advisable to record more than four cycles in
one test. Processing of the resulting data is not supported by RheoCompass, but
the data could be exported into other programs for further analysis.

Requirements

This new feature does not require the raw data license feature

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Working with the Raw Data Sine Generator

Use the template Waveform | Sine generator for setting up a new test.

Project template

In this template, a sinusoidal strain waveform is defined using the Sine generator.
The immediate response in shear stress or any other variable is measured over
four cycles.

To change or define a new profile:

• Select the measurement action

• Click the cell containing the strain setting
• Click Details pane, Set values, Values, Edit (Profile: Value List)
• The list already contains the values of the predefined profile of this template
• Click More to see the sine generator
• Define your own profile
• Click Clear list and generate values to clear the list of predefined user
values
• Auto-Create with parameters
-Waveform type (currently only sine)
-Offset value
-Amplitude
-Number of values per period
-Number of periods
• Click Clear list and generate values to create a list containing the
automatically created sinusoidal values

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Hints on how to define the profile:

• Set the number of measuring points and the interval duration.

-Example: t_int = 40 s if 0.1 Hz and 4 cycles
-t_int = cycles/frequency
• Number of measuring points = values_period * cycles + 1:
example 256 * 4 = 1025
• Edit the value list to generate a new sinusoidal waveform
• Example for 4 cycles with 4*256 data points:

Example

Waveform
generator

Note The number of values is limited. An error may occur at test start if the
command is too long

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LAOS transient

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10 Quality Management (21 CFR Part 11)

10.1 Introduction

This chapter describes the features and settings to use the RheoCompass™
under QM regulations like GLP / GMP or 21 CFR Part 11.

If you require further assistance or would like to make any suggestions you are
welcome to contact Anton Paar GmbH rheocompass@anton-paar.com

10.2 Safety Instructions

Make sure you read and understand all the safety instructions given in this section
and throughout the manuals before installing and operating the equipment.
Follow the instructions in this manual at all times.

The manual contains important advice and warnings. Read them carefully and
follow all instructions to avoid danger to yourself and others and / or damage to
the equipment.

General Information

• The RheoCompass™ software by Anton Paar GmbH has been developed

for controlling Anton Paar rheometers. It is used for the recording, evaluation
and presentation of measurement data.

• All measurement data obtained with this equipment should be checked for
plausibility before consequential actions are taken based on this data.

• Before using the software read all safety instructions and information
regarding the use of the equipment. Follow the instructions at all times.

• Anton Paar GmbH and its suppliers shall not be liable for any damages
whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of business
profits, business interruption, loss of business information, or other pecuniary
loss) arising from the use or inability to use this product, even if Anton Paar
GmbH has been advised of the possibility of such damages. In any case,
Anton Paar GmbH's liability shall be limited to the amount actually paid by
you for this product. This limitation does not apply to damages which were
caused by Anton Paar GmbH with intent or due to gross negligence.
Likewise, claims which are based on mandatory legal rules regarding
product liability remain unaffected.

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10.3 Requirements

Please note that in order for RheoCompass™ software to work in compliance with
21 CFR Part 11, a number of measures is required on operating system level.

To work in compliance with the regulation 21 CFR Part 11 it is essential to install

a RheoCompass™ license with the Signature feature. The feature is not included
in a standard RheoCompass™ Professional license.

The RheoFinder is your window to the SQL Database where all RheoCompass™
data is stored.

All elements of the RheoFinder such as projects, tests and templates and all items
of the Setup category such as configurations, devices, accessories, measuring
systems are stored in one Microsoft SQL 2012 Database which is installed
together with the RheoCompass™ software.

Each of the RheoCompass™ objects is unique based on a so called Globally

Unique Identifier GUID.

Example: Even if two tests have the same name the GUID of the two tests is
unique. GUIDs are usually stored as 128-bit values, and are commonly displayed
as 32 hexadecimal digits with groups separated by hyphens, such as {21EC2020-
3AEA-4069-A2DD-08002B30309D}.

All events are recorded in the Logbook (Audit trail) of the RheoFinder. The
Logbook (Audit trail) is stored in the SQL database.

It is the responsibility of the user (system administrator) to set all options

according to the company policy in compliance with the regulation. Use the
options dialog of RheoCompass™ Rh->Options to set it up accordingly.

10.4 Description

Login

Access to the RheoCompass™ software is protected by a Login function which

requires a user name and password to be entered at the start-up of the software.
There are two login types: RheoCompass™ login and Windows login. We
strongly recommend to use the RheoCompass™ login in combination with the 21
CFR Part 11 feature of the RheoCompass™ software.

A RheoCompass™ administrator has the right to add new users and to assign a
role to a user.

Login options such as Password policy and Automatic logout and Electronic
signature are defined in the Rh > Options dialog by any RheoCompass™
administrator (role).

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There are predefined Roles which determine the rights regarding the
administration of the RheoCompass™ software itself as well as the available
commands for executing a measurement (project). The permissions of the role
are displayed by selecting the specific role. It is even possible to duplicate existing
roles and define user specific roles with special permissions.

Logbook (Audit Trail)

Every event in the RheoCompass™ software which is relevant to CFR 21 part 11

generates a log entry in the Logbook (Audit trail) which contains a description of
the event. Logging options are defined in the Rh > Options dialog by any
RheoCompass™ administrator (role).

Older events are archived automatically based on the settings in Rh > Options >
Archive.

Backup and Restore

The entire Database with all Archives including all settings and elements of
RheoCompass™ is stored in Weekly full backups and Daily differential backups.
An optional function allows to copy the backup file to an External directory when
starting RheoCompass™ – e.g. a network location. Restoring a backup is
possible on any computer. Backups are stored locally for 1 month (default
setting). Local backups older than one month are deleted (maximum number of
full local backups is 6).

Electronic Signature

Project templates including their test definitions can be electronically signed

(Approval). The settings of the test definition is then locked by the user with the
role RheoCompass™ Approver. Projects generated from the approved Project
templates are protected as well.

Tests can be signed within the Test definition using an action Signature. There are
three levels of signatures: Submit, Review, Approve with the option to Sign
positive or Sign negative. The signature needs to be confirmed with the Password
of the user and an optional Comment.

Data Safety

Each data element stored in the Microsoft SQL 2012 data base of
RheoCompass™ is protected against data manipulation. RheoCompass™
elements changed within the Microsoft SQL2012 database are prompted with an
error Database manipulation detected when starting RheoCompass™ the next
time. Furthermore a Logbook (Audit trail) entry is generated with details of the
manipulated element.

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10.5 Installation and Setup

10.5.1 Installation

Software Installation

Whether the software RheoCompass™ is installed with or without the 21 CFR

Part 11 feature depends on the license file and the features in this file. The 21
CFR Part 11 feature can either be included with the first installation of the
RheoCompass™ software, or added later on by changing the license file. For the
first installation please follow the procedure described in RheoCompass™
software manual.

For adding the 21 CFR Part 11 feature to an existing installation please use the
program on the installation medium RheoCompass™.LicenseHelper.exe.

RheoCompass™.LicenseHelper.exe

1. Select the program folder

2. Select the new license file

3. Click Install new license

To check if the license feature is properly installed click? > Drop down button >
About RheoCompass™. If the 21 CFR Part 11 feature is installed the license
feature Signature is enabled.

License details

After the installation the user is prompted to enter a name and password for the
very first time. A role RheoCompass™ administrator is assigned to this user. The
same user is now allowed to start RheoCompass™, login and do the user
administration for other RheoCompass™ users (Chapter 10.5.2, "User
Administration").

10.5.2 User Administration

In the category <Setup>, <User administration> the Roles and Users are defined.
The Electronic signature is defined with the Add user dialog.

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Roles

Standard roles: The RheoCompass™ software comes with five predefined

standard roles and three roles for the signatures.

RheoCompass™ administratorsRheoCompass™ administrators are authorized

to setup, install and modify all components of the software.

RheoCompass™ expertsRheoCompass™ experts are authorized to modify all

application related components.

RheoCompass™ lab assistantsRheoCompass™ lab assistants are authorized to

perform, format and delete measuring data.

RheoCompass™ Lab managersRheoCompass™ Lab managers are authorized

to modify application related standard components.

RheoCompass™ usersRheoCompass™ users are authorized to perform

measurements.

Roles for signatures: For approving, reviewing or submitting tests using an

electronic signature one of following roles should be applied to the user:

RheoCompass™ 21 CFR Part 11 approversRole for approving according to 21

CFR Part 11 and releasing templates using an electronic signature.

RheoCompass™ 21 CFR Part 11 reviewersRole for reviewing according to 21

CFR Part 11 using an electronic signature.

RheoCompass™ 21 CFR Part 11 submittersRole for submitting according to 21

CFR Part 11 using an electronic signature.

The permissions of the roles are listed in the Permissions tab of the details pane.

Permissions of a role

User defined roles: To define a user defined role select any of the standard roles
and click Duplicate in the Setup ribbon. The standard role is then duplicated. Next
edit the tabs Name, Info, Members and Permissions to customize the new role.

Deletion of Items in RheoCompass:

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To avoid accidental deletion of tests it is advisable to set the permissions of the

user roles accordingly.

Users and Electronic Signatures

The user in combination with the password builds the basis for the electronic
signature.

It is the responsibility of the administrator to define New users and to define the
Role membership for each user.

To define a new user in the Setup category choose Users in User administration.
Now click New in the Setup ribbon and define Name, Info as well as Role
Memberships. The permissions of the currently selected user are listed in the
Effective permissions tab of the details pane.

One option to be set by the administrator is "User must change password at next
logon".

Add new user dialog

10.5.3 Options

You can enable different system Security settings to ensure data security and to
protect your data and settings against unauthorized access. It is the responsibility
of the RheoCompass™ administrator to set all options according to the company
policy in the options dialog of RheoCompass™ Rh > Options.

10.5.3.1 Backup and Restore

The impact of electronic record and electronic signature regulations also means
that data must be backed up effectively to avoid data loss, as 21 CFR Part 11 has
specific requirements that involve backup and recovery (restore) of your data.

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Backup and restore are focused on storing and restoring audit trail, system,
application and user files.

• Storing means copying from the local RheoCompass™ SQL database

source to a target medium.

• Restoring means copying from media containing stored files to the primary
location of the files.

Fig. 10 - 1 RheoCompass™ with associated SQL Main database, SQL

Archives and Backups stored in a separate file.

The Backup file is used to restore the RheoCompass™ SQL database.

Furthermore Backup & restore is a convenient method to migrate
RheoCompass™ from computer A to computer B. The backup path is
C:\ProgramData\Anton Paar\RheoCompass™\DBBackups. This path can not be
changed by the user. For special handling of media files like video and pictures
have a look at the section Media files.

A full or differential backup is performed depending on the user defined settings.

• Weekly full backup

• Daily differential backup

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Benefit: The weekly and all differentials are stored in a single backup file.
There is a backup for each day without the need to fully backup the database
every day.

• Backups older than one month are deleted automatically depending on the
default setting

Fig. 10 - 2 Figure: Weekly full backup with daily differential backups.

Settings for backup:

• Time to start the next backup: If the computer is down at that time (which is
quite obvious at 3 am) the next backup is executed with the start of
RheoCompass™ in the morning. It is not recommended to change this
parameter.

• Delete backup older than x month: Time period after which a backup is
deleted. Please keep in mind that typical backup files are several GB in total
including all archives of the main database and the Logbook (Audit trail). The
default value is one month.

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Delete backup

• Copy last backup to external drive: Option to automatically copy the current
backup to a backup or network drive (user defined target path). Use this
option and store the data in a safe place.

Benefit: Additional external backup file in case of a defective HD or SSD.

Copy to external

Media files such as video and pictures:

• Please take a note that media files are not stored in the SQL 2012 database
and are not included in the backup file. Media files such as pictures and
video are saved locally in the folder defined by the RheoCompass™
administrator. The default path for media files is dependent on the version of
RheoCompass™ and the version number of the database.

Example:
C:\ProgramData\Anton Paar\RheoCompass™\Media_RheoCompassDB.

The Restore function is used to restore a RheoCompass™ database with audit

trail, system, application and user files.

• There are two methods for restoring a database. Note: Only Windows
administrators are allowed to restore a RheoCompass database

• Method 1 is based on the List of recent backup in the Restore category of

the Rh > Options dialog.
• Method 2 allows to select any Backup file from a folder.

• Backup files are stored in

C:\ProgramData\Anton Paar\RheoCompassx.xx\DbBackups\
(this is a hidden Windows folder) and in a customer defined folder which is
typically pointing to a network drive (see backup settings).

• Benefit: Migrate a complete RheoCompass™ with all settings to a new

computer using Backup & restore.

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Backup options:

Restore options:

10.5.3.2 Archive

The RheoCompass™ software works with a main database which is limited in

size and any number of archives. Each archive is a separate database and is
used as an automatic extension to the main database. An archive contains
projects or Logbook entries (Audit trail).

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In RheoFinder all projects and events (Audit trail) from the main database and
from associated archives are displayed in a list.

By unchecking archives the performance of a large database is improved. The

unchecked items are no longer used in RheoFinder.

• Use Show archive to enable the archive to be presented in the RheoFinder.

If the option is disabled the archived files are no longer visible in the
RheoFinder. It is recommended to uncheck the Show archive flag to improve
the performance of the RheoFinder in a steadily growing database.

Benefit: Unchecking archived projects improves the performance of a large

database

A database backup file always contains of the main database and all associated
archives.

Project Archive(s):

• New project archive: To create a new archive click New. This function is
optional. A new archive is created by the RheoCompass™ software
whenever the main database is full. The parameter for archiving are defined
in the Archive category. Make sure the size of the main database is limited to
< 10 GB (default is 3.5 GB).

• Export and delete project archive: Use this function to reduce the size of the
local archive(s) and export it to a user defined path. The archive is then no
longer assigned to the main database of RheoCompass™. Projects
contained in the exported and deleted archive are no longer visible in the
RheoFinder.

• Import project archive: An exported and deleted archive can be re-imported

at any time. The imported archive is assigned to the main database and the
data can then be displayed in the RheoFinder.

Audit Trail Archive(s):

• New audit trail archive: To create a new archive click New. This function is
optional. A new archive is created by RheoCompass™ depending on the
settings in the Archive category.

• Export and delete audit trail archive: Use this function to reduce the size of
the local archive(s) and export it to a user defined path. The archive is
deleted and no longer assigned to the main database of RheoCompass™.
Data contained in the exported and deleted archive are no longer visible in
the RheoFinder.

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• Import audit trail archive: An exported and deleted archive can be re-
imported at any time. It is assigned to the main database and the data can
then be displayed in the RheoFinder.

Archive settings:

10.5.3.3 Logging (Audit Trail)

Most settings in the category Logging (Audit trail) are predefined for the
21 CFR Part 11 user of the RheoCompass™ software.

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Logging options:

10.5.3.4 Popular

Most settings in the category Popular are not essential for the 21 CFR Part 11
compliance of the RheoCompass™ software. We recommend to have a closer
look at the following parameters.

• The Anton Paar product improvement program is used to send error logs to
Anton Paar for improving the quality of RheoCompass™. This option is
unchecked by default.

• The Save documents option ensures that a test running for a longer time is
saved frequently to avoid loss of data in the case of a software or hardware
issue. Default value is auto save every 5 minutes.

Important popular settings:

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10.5.3.5 Login

The Login category contains settings for the password, security and signature.

Log on to RheoCompass™:

Access to the RheoCompass™ software is protected by a Login function which

requires a user name and a password to be entered at the start-up of the software.
There are two login types: RheoCompass™ login and Windows login.

• RheoCompass™ account for login: We recommend to use the

RheoCompass™ login in combination with the 21 CFR Part 11 feature of the
RheoCompass™ software. Optionally, the Windows login can be used.

• Windows account for login: If the Windows account login is activated the
current Windows user is logged in automatically with the Windows user
name. If the user is not setup in RheoCompass™ this user is added
automatically to the RheoCompass™ users list. A new role is assigned to
this user depending on the settings of the Default RheoCompass™ role. If
the Default RheoCompass™ role is not RheoCompass™ Administrator the
user has restricted permissions. Any RheoCompass™ administrator is
allowed to change the role of a user in <Setup>, <User administration> (see
also chapter 5.2).

Default RheoCompass™ Role

Define a role for any user who is created automatically when RheoCompass is
used the first time.

Password Policy:

Define your own company rules for the passwords such as:

• Enforce password history

• Password policy

• User account log out (user lock after a certain number or password attempts)

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Electronic Signature:

Set the option whether RheoCompass™ allows signing tests and approving
templates.

Automatic Log Out:

To log out a user after a certain time of inactivity enable this option. Logout is used
to protect the software against unattended use. If the mouse is not used for a
certain time RheoCompass™ is locked and can be unlocked by any
RheoCompass™ user with the electronic signature (name and password).

10.5.4 Checklist

Before starting with the first measurements make sure to finish all administrative
settings. This checklist includes the most recent settings to make sure your
RheoCompass™ complies with the 21 CFR Part 11 regulations:

Check if license includes the quality management feature: > About

RheoCompass™ > Quality management: Enabled

• Rh > Options > Login: Use RheoCompass™ login

• Rh > Options > Login: Set options for password policy

• Rh > Options > Login: Set options for automatic logout

• Rh > Options > Login: Enable/Disable electronic signature

• Rh > Options > Backup: Define external backup drive

• Rh > Options > Backup: Define media path

• Setup > Users: Add new user(s)

• Setup > Users: Define if user must change password at next login

• Setup > Users: Add role membership(s) to new users

• Setup > Users: If using signature for tests add 21 CFR Part 11 role for
submit/review/approve to user(s)

• RheoFinder > Tests: Right click column header and add column for
(State/Submitted/Reviewed/Approved...by)

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10.6 Electronic Signature

The RheoCompass™ software ensures maximum data safety and traceability.

Based on Microsoft SQL 2012 server technology, all data such as the measuring
systems, accessories, project files, templates and test results are collected in one
database.

A project template includes all definitions needed to run a test. The so called test
definition is part of a project template and used to define the work flow. As a core
element used for testing the sample the test definition is locked by approving a
project template.

10.6.1 Locking of Test Definitions

This chapter describes the work flow about how to design a new project template
and how to approve the template including the test definition.

One of the core functions of the RheoCompass™ software is the option to Lock
a Test definitions by approving project templates. The intention behind locking a
test definition is to avoid unwanted modifications of the test definition while
working with it an generating measuring and analysis results.

Once approved by the lab manager the test definition is locked thereafter and
electronically signed with the user name and password.

The project template is now ready to use for creating new projects.

Fig. 10 - 3 Figure: Approval of project templates and tests

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Creating a New Project Template

1. How to create a new approved project template for the very first time

• Click the category New Project with ribbon filter Home > App Manager >
Created by Anton Paar to see the predefined templates
• Choose a suitable project template by defining the filter by Application and
Test type or
• Or use All for both and choose a filter by Material property
• A double click at a project template will create and open a new project
• Edit the test definition and other parameter in the project
• Save the project as your own Project template: Rh > Save as > Project
template
• Click the category RheoFinder and sub-category Project templates
• Select the new project template in the list view of the RheoFinder
• Edit the parameter of the new project template such as Test types and Tags
• Approve the template in the Approve tab

2. How to create a new project template from an existing project template

(approved)

• Open RheoFinder with sub-category Project templates

• Select a project template and click Duplicate in the RheoFinder ribbon
• Select the new project template in the list view of the RheoFinder
• Change Name, Info of the duplicate
• Edit the parameter of the new project template such as Test types and Tags

Editing an Existing Project Template

How to edit a project template

• Only unsigned project templates that are not yet approved can be edited
• Click the category RheoFinder and sub-category Project templates
• Select the new project template in the list view of the RheoFinder, Project
template category
• Click the ribbon RheoFinder > Edit
• Edit the test definition and other parameter in the project template
• Close the project template to save it: Rh, Close project

Creating a New Project from an Approved Project Template

1. New project

• Click the category New Project

• Select the filter Home > AppManager > Created by any user and approved
to show approved templates only
• A double click at a project template will create and open a new project

2. RheoFinder

• Open RheoFinder with sub-category Project templates

• Select a project template and double click to open

Approval of a Project Template

How to approve a project template

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• Click the category RheoFinder and sub-category Project templates

• Select the project template in the list view of the RheoFinder
• Click Approve in the <Approval> tab of the Details pane to approve a
selected template

Note: Once approved the signature can no longer be changed.

Deactivating an Approved Project Template

This function is used to deactivate obsolete project templates using a comment

and the electronic signature of a user with role RheoCompass approver. The
templates are removed from the My Apps page and can no longer be opened. To
review a deactivated project template, a duplicate can be created at any time. The
duplicate has no approval requirements.

How to deactivate a project template:

1. Click the category <RheoFinder> and sub-category <Project templates>

2. Select the project template in the list view of the RheoFinder

3. Click Deactivate in the <Approval> tab of the Details pane to deactivate

the project template.

10.6.2 Signing of Tests

Electronic Signature of a Test

Electronic signatures can be classified as ordinary manual signatures helping to

verify the authenticity of electronic data in regulated process environments.

Depending on importance or impact, different signing roles can be assigned to a

user. According to common regulations, you can choose between three different
roles:

• RheoCompass™ 21 CFR Part 11 Submitters

• RheoCompass™ 21 CFR Part 11 Reviewers

• RheoCompass™ 21 CFR Part 11 Approvers

Once the electronic signature function has been activated, a test including
measurement and analysis results can be signed as positive or negative by the
submitter, followed by the reviewer and finally by the approver.

If a user of a higher level signs first, the signing states of the lower levels are set
according to the evaluation of this higher level user.

Example: If a sample is signed as positive by the approver prior to a submitter or

reviewer, the signing states of submitter and reviewer are consequently also set
as positive.

Note: Once approved the signature can no longer be changed.

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Signing a Test using an Action

RheoCompass™ offers a comfortable way to electronically sign a test as part of

the predefined test definition. To add an action Signature to a test definition:

• Edit or create a new Project template

• Select the Test definition

• Click Ribbon Test > Insert > Signature

While executing a test the user is prompted to sign the test as part of the test
definition. Depending on the test definition the test result with the report

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Snapshot Action

• Action to present the report before signing (example screenshot without

measurement action)

Signature Action

• Action for signing the reported test result (example screenshot without
measurement action)

• Signature dialog (example for approval)

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Approved Test

• Signed and locked test in the navigation pane

Signing Finished Tests in the Details Pane

To sign any test in a project:

• Click the test in the Navigation pane

• Open the Details pane

• Select the tab <Signature>

• Click Submit, Review or Approve

Signature

• Signature of tests in a project by manual selection in the Navigation pane

Signing Finished Tests in the RheoFinder

In RheoFinder all test can be found. The RheoFinder allows filtering by project,
date, user or any other predefined filter. To sign a test:

• Select RheoFinder > Tests

• Search for the tests you would like to sign using a filter criteria or an instant
text filter

• Select the test in the list view

• Select the tab <Signature>

• Click Submit, Review or Approve

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Signature

• Signing of tests in the RheoFinder by manual selection in the list view

10.6.3 Signing States in the RheoFinder

With the RheoFinder, managing and retrieving your measuring data and
templates in the database is as easy as generating them.

Easily defined filters – e.g. by year, batch number, operator – display the data you
are looking for within seconds. The RheoFinder comes with full instant search
functionality. Share your data with other RheoCompass™ users via XML-based
files – the software’s exchange format.

The signing state of a test is not displayed by default. Add the columns which are
helpful for retrieving signed tests:

• Right mouse click on the column header

• Select any of the following items

• State = The state illustrates the signing state by a Signal light

• Grey = pending
• Green = signed positive
• Red = signed negative
From left to right:

• Submitted
• Reviewed
• Approved
• Submitted, Submitted by
• Reviewed, Reviewed by
• Approved, Approved by

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Signing state and additional columns

10.6.4 Checklist

Electronic signatures are used to approve Test definitions included in Project

templates and Projects generated therefrom:

• Created user defined project templates and approve them to lock the Test
definition

• Enable signing of tests to allow the users to electronically sign and submit,
review and approve measuring results

• Check the signing state of tests using the RheoFinder

10.7 Logbook (Audit Trail)

10.7.1 Logging of Events

Using the audit trail function generates a log entry for all operating steps which
leads to changes in measuring results.

Additionally all changes which are relevant for data integrity, manipulation or
access control are documented in a log file as well.

Export Logbook (Audit Trail) as PDF

To export the list of log entries click Ribbon Logbook, Export as PDF

To reduce or filter the list use the Ribbon Logbook, Filter. The following filter can
be set:

• Filter list by QM categories: Audit trail, Setup operations, Login

• Filter list by: Errors, Warnings

Further filtering such as 'Filter by year, month, week or day' is permitted in the
upper-right corner of the RheoFinder.

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Logged Categories:

The Logbook (Audit trail) consists of the following categories:

• Audit trail

• Login

• Setup operations

• Device communication

• Message

Category Notifications
• Computer date or time modified
• Failed login
• License expired
• License expires soon
• License issuer date not read
Audit trail
• License validity period not found
• License version invalid
• Service license
• User is logged in
• User logged in

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Category Notifications
• Accessory import
• Delete failed by file
• Device component import
• Filter import
• Job list import
• License expires
• License expires soon
• Login Message
• Macro import
• Measuring set configuration import
• Measuring system import
• Moving profile import
• Object created
• Object deleted
• Object duplicated
• Password changed
• Password reset
Login
• Procedure import
• Project import
• Property changed
• Property initialized
• Role added
• Role export
• Role import
• Role removed
• Technical term import
• Template info import
• Template package import
• Test import
• User added
• User export
• User import
• User removed
• XML export failed by file
• Adjust measuring system inertia
• Adjust measuring system inertia
• Adjust drive inertia
• Adjust motor
• Download firmware
• Set temperature input offset and span
• Set user defined start angle
• Archiving events
• Create a database
Setup operations
• Data point usage changed
• First user has signed the test
• Login options changed
• Message
• Second user has signed the test
• Template approved
• Test definition changed
• Test signed
• User has withdrawn the signature

Examples for Logbook (Audit trail) entries:

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User logged in

Test assigned

Property changed

10.7.2 Retrieving Tests, Templates and Audit Trail Entries

Use the RheoFinder to retrieve measuring data, templates or Logbook (Audit trail)
logs in the database. Instant search or user defined filters, e.g. by year, batch
number, operator help you to retrieve the data you are looking for.

Click the <RheoFinder> category and select the category of objects you are
looking for such as:

• Category <Project Data> with object(s): Projects, Tests (contained in the

projects), Videos, Pictures

• Category <Templates> with object(s): Project templates, Diagram templates,

Table templates, Report templates, View templates

• Category <Recycle bin> with object(s): Recycle bin

• Category <Procedures and Macros> with object(s): Procedures (for tests)

and Macros (for analysis)

• Category <Job Lists> with object(s): Job Lists

• Category <Logbook> (Audit trail) with object(s): Logbook (Audit trail)

• Category <Filters> with object(s): Filters

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10.7.3 Database Manipulation

Any administrator of the Windows operating system could have access to the
RheoCompass™ SQL Database using the Microsoft SQL Express. To protect the
readable content of the database against data manipulation all RheoCompass™
database entries are protected using a MD5 checksum (hash code).

Any database manipulation is displayed when starting RheoCompass™ for the

next time. The message window pops up with an error message reporting a
checksum error with database manipulation.

Database manipulation error:

All database manipulations are then added to the Logbook (Audit trail) of the
RheoFinder.

The RheoFinder with its filtering mechanism can be used to retrieve any log.

Logbook (Audit trail) with database manipulation entry:

10.7.4 Checklist

The RheoFinder is used to retrieve data and to check the Logbook (Audit trail):

• Check the Logbook (Audit trail) entries in the RheoFinder

• Retrieve data using the RheoFinder with instant search functionality or

predefined filters

• Select the Logbook (Audit trail) in the RheoFinder to search for database
manipulation

10.8 Working With RheoCompass™ Software in

Compliance with CFR 21 Part 11

The implementation of appropriate procedures is largely the responsibility of the

user; therefore, this chapter should be considered as an example.

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Prior to starting work with the RheoCompass™ in 21 CFR Part 11 mode, it is

necessary to configure the operating system and other environmental variables
in a way that the requirements of CFR 21 part 11 can be met. In this chapter it is
assumed that the RheoCompass™ software has been installed with the
21 CFR Part 11 function and that all settings have been made as described in the
previous chapters. Namely, users with appropriate roles are defined, including at
least one RheoCompass™ administrator.

Step-By-Step Instructions

1. Open the software and select the category <New project>.

• Filter the Anton Paar templates by selecting an appropriate Application and

Test type. Alternatively you can choose the filter by Material property.
• Create a new Project with a double-click on one of the Project templates.

2. Customize the new Project

• Make all settings in the new project (e.g. optimize the test definition, add a
report, etc.) and run a few tests to check if everything runs smoothly.
• Save the Project as your own user defined Project template (Rh > Save as
> Project template).
• Close the Project

3. To Protect the Project template against unpermitted modifications it should

be approved.

• Select RheoFinder > Project template

• Search for the Project template you would like to sign using an instant text
filter
• Select the Project template in the list view
• Select the tab <Approval>
• Click Approve to open the approval dialog
• After the Project template has been approved the Test definition in this
template is protected against unauthorized modification

4. To create a Project from one of your user defined and approved templates:

• Select the category <New project>

• Change the filter in the ribbon Home, AppManager from Created by
Anton Paar to Created by any user and approved
• Create a new Project with a double-click on one of the approved Project
templates

5. The new and approved project is then used to run a series of measurements.

• Refer to (6.2) for signing the tests

6. Continue with (5) if you would like to create another Project from an
approved Project template

10.8.1 Checklist

• Create a user defined approved project template and work with it:

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• Created a new project by opening a new project using the App Manager

• Edit the project and save it as user project template

• Approve the user project template

- Repeat steps 1-3 to create more user project templates

• Create a new project from an approved project template and start the tests

• Sign the tests

• Close the project

- Repeat steps 1-3 to run more tests or to run tests based on any other
approved project

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11 Lab Automation Service

11.1 Introduction

The Automation service is used for Data exchange between the Anton Paar
RheoCompass™ software and a Customer software in a Lab Information
Management System.

Based on an Order file a project is automatically opened and executed. The

Automation definition window (2) is used to define the content of the Result
file to be exported (3) for the Customer software waiting for the file.

The RheoCompass automation service has the following functions:

• Detect and manage Order files received from Customer software

• Open and Close projects defined in the order file
• Store Result files taken over by the Customer software
• Handle the Status of the currently running project

Fig. 11 - 1 The RheoCompass Automation Service.

Order file:

XML-based Order file from a Customer software containing all information

needed for the Automation service to Start a project. It contains the project
name and some optional info such as additional sample information.

The format of the Order file is XML, UTF-8 based on the standard ISO/IEC-10646.

Result file:

XML-based Result file for a Customer software provided by the Automation

service. This is independent of results from projects and tests. The XML result
file provided by RheoCompass contains the measuring result details defined
within the Automation definition window of the RheoCompass project file

The format of the Result file is XML, UTF-8 based on the standard ISO/IEC-
10646.

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11.2 Requirements

The software license feature Lab Automation service must be enabled by

installing an appropriate license:

RheoCompass must be started using the Command line parameter

'OrderFileName=Name.xml'

whereas Name = any user-defined name such as Order.xml

11.3 Automated Backup

24 h Operation

In automation mode with 24 h operation it is not advisable to use the

RheoCompass built-in database backup for Microsoft SQL Server Express.

The Express Edition can only perform error-free backup if no project is in use. The
backup should be disabled in Rh, Options, Backup. Use an SQL Server
maintenance plan instead or an external database-backup software.

8 h Operation

The automated backup can stay activated if RheoCompass is not in use between
2:30 am and 3:30 am. Also, after loading RheoCompass in the morning, allow
10 min for any backup tasks to be completed that may be pending.

11.4 Working with the Automation

11.4.1 Starting with Command Line

How to Start RheoCompass with an Icon Containing the Command-Line

Parameter:

1. To prepare the shortcut, right-mouse-click the icon, then click Properties

and tab <Shortcut>

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2. Next add the command line;

e.g.,"C:\Program Files\Anton Paar\RheoCompass 1.18\RheoCompass.exe"
OrderFileName=C:\Temp\Automation\name.xml

11.4.2 Status

Once started in Automation mode the Status bar of RheoCompass™ indicates

that the software is in Automation mode and 'Waiting for order...'

11.4.3 Project Name or Identifier in Order File

Once the automation file has been found in the directory defined in the command
line parameter, the project is opened and executed. The name defined in the
order file can be of the following types:

• Project Template identified by the ID:

<TemplateId>59afe0c6-4718-45f2-9e3c-11dcf6e4c2bc</TemplateId>

• Project Template identified by the Name:

<TemplateName>Automation Template</TemplateName>

• Project identified by the ID:

<ProjectId>a82615a1-a665-42c1-af2b-41e5b666cf5b</ProjectId>

• Project identified by the Name:

<ProjectName>Automation Project</ProjectName>

If a Project template is opened, a new project is created from the project

template with the Default name defined in the Properties of the project template.

11.4.4 Execution of Project and Creation of Result

The project is opened and the default test definition is executed.

Based on the Automation definition window a result file is created and stored
in the predefined path.

The order file is removed. Next, the project is closed and saved with the new test

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11.5 Project Automation

For project automation some additional features are available in

RheoCompass™.

11.5.1 Auto-Start and Auto-Close

Start the test definition automatically when opening a project, and close it with the
action End.

How to set the Auto-Start and Auto-Close in the Order file:

1. AutoStartTestDefinition: Automatically open the project and go to the

Start dialog in the default Test definition; value = true or false

2. AutoCloseProject: Automatically close the project after test

execution of the default Test definition; value = true or false

3. ConfirmProject: A popup dialog for confirmation is shown while

closing; value = true or false

Example:

<AutoStartTestDefinition>false</AutoStartTestDefinition>

<AutoCloseProject>true</AutoCloseProject>

<ConfirmProject>true</ConfirmProject>

Instead of defining the Auto-Start and Auto-Close in the Order file it can also be
defined using the Properties of the Project template.

To add the automation feature Edit the project or project template in the
RheoFinder

and change the settings in Details, Automation.

11.5.2 Input Data

The Order file is optionally used to transfer Additional input values from the
customer software to RheoCompass™.

The additional inputs are displayed in the default test definition in the action Start.

Examples for additional input are BatchNo, Comment and Customer. For further
information see the Automation order scheme provided with the installation of
RheoCompass™.

The items are listed below the 'Start input collection'.

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11.5.3 Automation Definition Window

The Automation definition is a Window type used to define the results stored
in the Result file.

Automation results are stored in a Result file of type XML using the action
Export.

Click the Ribbon Window, New automation definition to add a new window to
the project or project template

Use the Ribbon Automation to Insert, Move or Delete elements in the

Automation definition.

A result element consists of a user defined Label and a Data type.

Click the Ribbon Window, Save as template to save the currently selected
Automation definition as a template.

Open the RheoFinder category Automation definition templates and click the
Ribbon function Home, Export, Export selected item to Export the template
and store it as a file. The file extension is *.RhTau.

11.5.4 Creating the Result File

How to define and create the Result file:

1. Make sure a Automation definition window is persistent in the project or

project template

2. Add an Action Export to the Default test definition

3. Select the export type Automation result with format XML and the Result
definition window in the Details pane of the Action Export

The Result file is stored automatically during the next test execution.

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11.5.5 Advanced Functions of the Order File

For advanced functions of the order file have a look at the Automation order
scheme provided with the installation of RheoCompass™.

11.6 Automation States

The Automation status of RheoCompass is shown in the status line of

RheoCompass.

It is started with the Lab automation service license feature and the command line
parameter.

The visualization uses 2 elements:

• a signal element showing the general automation state

• a status text element showing detailed status texts

Both elements are right-aligned to the existing status bar elements:

The following automation states are applicable:

1. Automation Off

No <Automation service> is started.

2. Automation ON, waiting for order

<Automation Service> scanning for any incoming orders.

3. Automation ON, order received

Order received, syntax of order checked. With the information contained therein,
a new project is created, or an existing project is opened. An error message
appears if the syntax is incorrect.

4. Automation ON, executing order

A project has been correctly created and started. The <Project Service> calls the
method "BeginProject()" and can now start the test definition (automatically or
manually).

5. Automation ON, creating result

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Once the result file has been created, the automation task is finished.

6. Automation ON, order mechanism stopped or not started

7. Automation error, Error state

The Automation service has stopped accepting orders. A log entry is created with
the error code.

11.7 Exporting Project Templates as Template

Packages

This function enables sharing of User-defined project templates. Create your

own template package and share it with any subsidiary or department of your
company.

• Click RheoFinder, More, Create template package to start creating a new

template package.

• Click RheoFinder, More, Import template package to start importing a

template package created by a user.

Requirement: The shortcut is only visible to users with the role RheoCompass
administrator.

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12 License Features for Trial

Not all features of RheoCompass are included in the standard license. To obtain
a license for a trial period, please contact key-rheocompass@anton-paar.com.

To check whether the license feature is enabled, click on About RheoCompass

and check if the feature Usage of camera is Enabled.

Example for the license features of the Info about dialog:

Use the following form to provide the required information or send us a screenshot
with the Info about and the required items marked:

Email to key-rheocompass@anton-paar.com
Device serial number
Software serial number
Company name
Contact person
Email address

Item No
Quality management (21 CFR Part 11) 160445
Media Window, Media Explorer 104911
Report Designer 104910
Raw Data (LAOS) 104916
TruStrain™ 104912
TruRate™ 104914
Vertical Movement Profile (Tack, Penetration) 104917
Polymer Analysis Package 104920
Interfacial Analysis Package 104918

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Installation of a New License:

The license file *.lic can be installed using the RheoCompass.LicenseHelper.exe

installer. The "License Helper" is found on the USB drive for RheoCompass.

What Happens if the License Feature Expires?

If the time-restricted license feature expires, all other features are still functional.
There is no need to install the original license.

Can I Edit the License File?

No. If the license file is edited it will be invalid and no longer readable.

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