AN INDUSTRY ORIENTED MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON
IOT BASED WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM
Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY
KOPPISETTI THANUSHMA SHIVANI
22BK5A0410

UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF

Ms. G ANJANA HARSHITHA REDDY

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

St. Peter’s Engineering College (UGC Autonomous)

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Accredited by NBA and NAAC with ‘A’ Grade,

Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad, Telangana

2021-2025
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that an Industry Oriented Mini Project

entitled “IOT BASED WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM” is carried
out by KOPPIETTI THANUSHMA SHIVANI (22BK5A0410) in partial
fulfilment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING is a
record
of bonafide work done by him/her under my supervision during the academic
year “2024 – 2025”.

INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Ms. G.Anjana Harshitha Reddy, M.Tech Dr.K.Prasanna Kumar, M.Tech, Ph.D
Assistant Professor Associate Professor , HOD
Department of ECE Department of ECE
St. Peter’s Engineering St. Peter’s Engineering College,
College, Hyderabad Hyderabad

PROJECT COORDINATOR EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Mr. B.Sravan Kumar, M.Tech
Assistant Professor
Department of ECE
St. Peter’s Engineering College,
Hyderabad

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely express our deep sense of gratitude to Ms.G.ANJANA

HARSHITHA REDDY, for his valuable guidance, encouragement and
cooperation during all phases of the project.

I are greatly indebted to our Project Coordinator Mr.B.SRAVAN

KUMAR, for providing valuable advice, constructive suggestions and
encouragement without whom it would not been possible to complete this
project.

It is a great opportunity to render our sincere thanks to

Dr.K.PRASANNA KUMAR, Head of the Department, Electronics and
Communication Engineering for his timely guidance and highly interactive
attitude which helped us a lot in successful execution of the Project.

I are extremely thankful to our Principal Dr.K.SREE LATHA,

who stood as an inspiration behind this project and heartfelt for her
endorsement and valuable suggestions.

I respect and thank our secretary Sri.T.V.REDDY, for providing

us an opportunity to do the project work at St. PETER’S ENGINEERING
COLLEGE and we are extremely thankful to him for providing such a nice
support and guidance which made us to complete the project.

I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, our gratitude

towards our parents, who have always supported us morally as well as
economically. I also express gratitude to all our friends who have directly
or indirectly helped us to complete this project work. I hope that we can
build upon the experience and knowledge that we have gained and make a
valuable contribution towards the growth of the society in coming future.

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 INSTITUTE VISION

To be a renowned Educational Institution that moulds Students into Skilled

Professionals fostering Technological Development, Research and Entrepreneurship
meeting the societal needs.

INSTITUTE MISSION

IM1: Making students knowledgeable in the field of core and applied areas of Engineering
to innovate Technological solutions to the problems in the Society.

IM2: Training the Students to impart the skills in cutting edge technologies, with the help
of relevant stake holders.

IM3: Fostering conducive ambience that inculcates research attitude, identifying promising
fields for entrepreneurship with ethical, moral and social responsibilities.

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 DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT VISION

To evolve the department as a center of excellence in Electronics and

Communication Engineering education in the country, to train students in contemporary
technologies to meet the needs of global industry and to develop them into skillful
engineers imbued with knowledge of core as well as inter-disciplinary domains, human
values, and professional ethics.

DEPARTMENT MISSION

DM1. To adopt pedagogical processes, facilities to meet the educational objectives and
outcomes of emerging Technologies in the field of Electronics.

DM2. To prepare for higher education, employment, Intellectual professional attitude,

Industrial research aptitude, lifelong learning, entrepreneurial practices, ethical values,
and social concern.

DM3. To impart knowledge in the field of Electronics and its related areas with a focus
on developing the required competencies and virtues to meet the requirements of society.

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

1: ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE: Apply the knowledge of mathematics,
science, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization
to the solution of complex engineering problems.

2: PROBLEM ANALYSIS: Identify, formulate, research literature, and

analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions
using the first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering
sciences.

3: DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTIONS: Design solutions for

complex engineering problems and design system components or processes
that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health
and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

4: CONDUCT INVESTIGATIONS OF COMPLEX PROBLEMS: Use

research-based knowledge and research methods including design of
experiments, analysis, interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information
to provide valid conclusions.

5: MODERN TOOL USAGE: Create, select, and apply appropriate

techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including
prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations.
6: THE ENGINEER AND SOCIETY: Apply reasoning informed by the
contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural
issues, and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional
engineering practice

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7: ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: Understand the impact of
professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts,
and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.

8: ETHICS: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and

responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.

9: INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM WORK: Function effectively as an

individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and multidisciplinary
settings.

10: COMMUNICATION: Communicate effectively on complex

engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at
large, such as being able to comprehend and draft effective reports and design
documentation, make an effective presentation, give, and receive clear
instructions.

11: PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE: Demonstrate

knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles
and apply these to one’s work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in a multidisciplinary environment.

12: LIFE-LONG LEARNING: Recognize the need for and have the
preparation and ability to engage in independent and lifelong learning in the
broadcast context of technological changes.

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

PEO1: Graduate shall have a solid foundation and in-depth knowledge in

engineering science and technology for a successful career in Electronics &
Communication Engineering.
PEO2: Graduates shall become effective collaboration/innovators in efforts
to address social, technical, and engineering challenges with continuous
learning. PEO3: Graduates shall engage in professional development through
self-study, post-graduation, and research.
PEO4: Graduates shall have integrity, professional and ethical values, team
spirit and ethical values, team spirit, and effective communication skills.

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PROGRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES (PSOS)

PSO1: Ability to use electronic modern IT tools for the design and analysis of
complex electronic systems for additional research activities.

PSO2: Should be able to clearly understand the concepts and applications in

the field of communication/network signal processing, embedded systems,
and semiconductor technology for excellent adaptability, good interpersonal
skills with professional ethics and social responsibilities.

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 DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DECLARATION

I declare that an Industry Oriented Mini Project entitled “IOT BASED

WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM” is an Original Work submitted by the
following group members who have actively contributed and submitted in partial
fulfilment for the award of degree in “Bachelor of Technology in ECE”, at St.
Peter’s Engineering College, Hyderabad, and this project work has not been
submitted by me to any other college or university for the award of any kind of
degree.

Group No: B - 2

Program: B. Tech

Branch: ECE

Industrial Oriented Mini Project Title: IOT BASED WEATHER

MONITORING SYSTEM

Date Submitted:

Name Roll Number Signature

K THANUSHMA 22BK5A0410
SHIVANI

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 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Industry Oriented Mini Project Title: IOT BASED WAETHER MONITORING

SYSTEM
Guide Name: Ms. G. Anjana Harshitha Reddy

STUDENT ROLL NUMBER

1. K THANUSHMA SHIVANI 22BK5A0410

Academic Year: 2024-2025 (SEM-I)

Name of the course from

which the principles are Description of the Attained POs
applied in the project Applications

INTERNET OF THINGS IOT BASED PO1,PO2,PO3,PO4,PO5,PO6,P07,PO

WEATHER 8,PO9,PO10,PO11,PO12,PEO1,PEO2
MONITORING ,PEO4,PSO1,PSO2
SYSTEM

SIGNATURE OF THE GUIDE HOD

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 ABSTRACT

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way we interact with the
environment by enabling the development of smart systems for various applications. One
such application is weather monitoring, where IoT-based systems can provide real-time
data and analysis. This project aims to design and implement an IoT-based weather
monitoring system that collects data on temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure
using sensors. The collected data is then transmitted to a cloud server for storage and
analysis. This system provides real-time weather updates and alerts, making it valuable
for agriculture, disaster management, and environmental monitoring. The implementation
includes the use of microcontrollers, sensors, and wireless communication modules to
create an efficient and reliable weather monitoring system.

Keywords: IOT (Internet of Things), Weather Monitoring, Real-time Data, Cloud

Server, Sensors, Microcontrollers, Disaster Management, Environmental Monitoring.

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 CONTENTS
a. Certificate.............................................................................................................i
b. Acknowledgments..............................................................................................ii
c. Institute Vision and Mission.............................................................................iii
d. Department Vision and Mission........................................................................iv
e. Program Outcomes...............................................................................................v
f. Program Education Objectives...........................................................................vi
g. Program Specific Objectives...............................................................................vii
h. Declaration..........................................................................................................viii
i. Abstract..................................................................................................................ix

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................3
1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM......................................3
1.2 MOTIVATION FOR THE PROJECT...............................................................................4
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT...................................................................................4
1.3.1 OUTCOMES..................................................................................................................6
1.4 SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT.......................................................6
1.5 TARGET SPEACIFICATIONS..........................................................................................8
1.5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS MONITORED.............................................8
1.5.2 SENSORS AND ACCURACY.....................................................................................8
1.5.3 DATA TRANSMISSION..............................................................................................8
1.5.4 DATA PROCESSING AND STORAGE.....................................................................9
1.5.5 POWER SUPPLY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY.....................................................9
1.5.6 RELIABILITY AND DURABILITY..........................................................................9
1.5.7 SECURITY AND DATA PRIVACY...........................................................................9
1.6 PROJECT WORK SCHEDULE......................................................................................10
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY..................................................11
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................................12
2.1.1 RESENT STATE AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE WORK AREA 12
2.1.2 BRIEF BACKGROUND THEORY..........................................................................13
2.1.3 LITERATURE SURVEY...........................................................................................14

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 CONTENTS
2.2 SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................19
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY............................................................21
3.1 METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................22
3.1.1 DETAILED METHODOLOGY................................................................................22
3.1.2 ASSUMPTIONS MADE.............................................................................................23
3.1.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM....................................................................................................24
3.2 TOOLS USED.....................................................................................................................25
3.2.1 DETAILED SPECIFICATION / LISTING OF COMPONENTS.........................25
3.2.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR COMPONENT SELECTION...........................................30
3.2.3 SOFTWARE TOOLS.................................................................................................30
3.3 SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................33
3.4 BLYNK APP SETUP.........................................................................................................35
CHAPTER 4: RESULT ANALYSIS.........................................................41
4.1 RESULT ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................41
4.1.1 TABULAR FORMS....................................................................................................41
4.1.2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND KIT DEVELOPMENT................................43
4.1.3 WORKING RESULTS FOR EACH SENSORS......................................................45
4.1.4 EXPLANATION FOR THE GRAPHICAL / TABULATED RESULTS................52
4.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED........................................................53
CHAPTER 5: APPLICATIONS................................................................56
5.1 APPLICATIONS................................................................................................................56
5.2 ADVANTAGES..................................................................................................................57
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK.....59
6.1 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE WORK.............................................................................59
6.2 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................60
6.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED........................................................61
6.4 FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK...........................................................................................62
REFERENCES............................................................................................64

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i
 LIST OF FIGURES

S.NO FIGURE NO NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE NO

1. 3.1 Weather Monitoring System 17

2. 3.2 ESP8266 Diagram 18
3. 3.3 ESP8266 Pinout Diagram 19
4. 3.4 DHT11 Sensor 19
5. 3.5 Rain Sensor 20
6. 3.6 Soil Moisture Sensor 20
7. 3.7 16x2 LCD Display 21
8. 3.8 Filter Capacitor 22
9. 3.9 Arduino IDE 22
10. 3.10 Arduino IDE Appearance 23
11. 3.11 Toolbar Button 23
12. 3.12 Setup for Blynk app step 1 27
13. 3.13 Setup for Blynk app step 2 28
14. 3.14 Setup for Blynk app step 3 29
15. 3.15 Setup for Blynk app step 4 30
16. 3.16 Setup for Blynk app step 5 30
17. 3.17 Setup for Blynk app step 6 31
18. 4.1 Kit setup for weather monitoring 35
19. 4.2 Kit working result of DHT11 Sensor 37
20. 4.3 Blynk app result of DHT11 Sensor 37
21. 4.4 Kit working result of Rain Sensor 39
22. 4.5 Blynk app result of Rain Sensor 39
23. 4.6 Kit working result of Soil Moisture 41
Sensor
24. 4.7 Blynk app result of Soil Moisture 41
Sensor

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 LIST OF TABLES

S.NO TABLE NO NAME OF THE TABLE PAGE NO

1. 4.1 Temperature and Humidity Ranges 32
2. 4.2 Rain Sensor Measurements 33
3. 4.3 Soil Moisture Measurements 33

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM

Weather monitoring is an important aspect in many situations. For example, the

weather conditions need to be monitored to maintain the healthy growth in plants. Other
than that, it is also needed for ensuring the safe environment in city or suburban. The
people who want to go to the city can easily know the weather at that time and will plan
their travel easily. Today, there are some announcements about the weather on radio or
television but at a certain time only and not efficient anymore. In the modernization
world, technology is important for humans to facilitate everyday life. Hence, technology
is used in this project to help people to know the condition of weather at a certain place
by only using fingertips.

The weather monitoring system can be categorized into a wired or wireless

system. In wireless communication, connectivity will be more convenient and user-
friendly. Thus, the weather monitoring system would not need the person responsible to
be presence at the location. Wireless communication also is the transfer of information or
data over a distance without the use of wires from the transmitter to the receiver. The
distance of transferring data can be short or long. The weather monitoring system will
collect all the data and will be sent to the application known as Blynk. This application
can allow the user to know the exact weather every time and every day. The motivation
for this project is to make people easily move from one place to another place.

The methodology for this project contains the flow chart and block diagram,
which explains the overall method taken during the project. Besides that, this part also
introduces software development and hardware development. To develop the system, it
starts with designing the system. Designing the system concludes identifying the suitable
component. After all the components have been listed, the next step is to build up all
components. This part will focus on coding using IDE software. The program will be
finished and completed when the system has been configured.

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1.2 MOTIVATION FOR THE PROJECT

The motivation behind developing an IoT-based weather monitoring system arises

from the growing need for accurate, real-time, and easily accessible weather data to
address various global challenges. Traditional weather monitoring methods often involve
expensive equipment and manual processes, limiting their reach and scalability. By
leveraging IoT technology, this project aims to create a more cost-effective and
automated solution that can continuously track weather conditions and transmit data to
remote users in real time.

A key motivation is the accessibility of weather data in remote or underserved areas,

where conventional weather stations are scarce. Farmers, environmental researchers,
disaster management teams, and everyday users in such regions can benefit immensely
from having localized, real-time weather information at their fingertips. The ability to
monitor environmental conditions remotely without manual intervention is essential for
timely decision-making, especially in agriculture and disaster preparedness.

Additionally, as climate change and extreme weather events become more

frequent, there is a growing demand for data-driven insights to predict and respond to
weather patterns. The IoT-based system will allow for the continuous collection and
analysis of environmental data, leading to more accurate weather forecasting and long-
term climate studies. By using this system, researchers and policymakers can better
understand trends and take preventive actions to mitigate the effects of adverse weather
conditions.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The primary objective of this project, an IoT-based weather monitoring system, is

to design and develop an efficient, real-time solution for continuously tracking
environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and other
weatherrelated parameters. This system aims to leverage the power of the Internet of

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Things (IoT) to automate the data collection process, reducing the need for human
intervention while providing more accurate and timely weather updates.

The project focuses on creating a cost-effective and scalable solution by using

affordable sensors and cloud connectivity to gather weather data. This enables users to
monitor weather conditions remotely, which is especially useful for agricultural sectors,
disaster management authorities, and individuals in remote or difficult-to-access regions.
The IoT system will be designed to send alerts and notifications in case of sudden
changes or abnormal weather patterns, ensuring preparedness and early warning in
emergencies.

• Real-time Data Collection: Traditional weather stations are often limited in

coverage and provide updates at fixed intervals. An IoT-based system can
continuously monitor environmental parameters (such as temperature, humidity,
wind speed, and pressure) in real time, offering more precise and timely data.
• Automation and Remote Monitoring: The system allows for automatic data
gathering and remote monitoring without the need for human intervention. This is
especially useful for remote or hard-to-reach locations where deploying personnel
might be challenging or expensive.
• Cost-effective Solution: Traditional weather monitoring systems can be
expensive due to the need for high-end sensors and infrastructure. An IoT-based
system, on the other hand, uses low-cost sensors and is scalable, making it
accessible to smaller organizations, individuals, or developing regions.
• Scalability and Flexibility: IoT-based systems can be easily expanded by adding
more sensors to monitor various environmental factors or cover larger areas. This
allows for greater flexibility in monitoring weather across different regions or at
multiple locations.
• Data Analytics and Prediction: With cloud integration and big data technologies,
the data gathered from IoT weather systems can be processed and analyzed to
forecast future weather conditions or detect trends, helping decision-makers in
agriculture, urban planning, disaster management, and more.

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• Environment Monitoring: Beyond weather, IoT-based systems can also monitor

air quality and pollution levels, providing valuable data to environmental
researchers and policymakers working to mitigate climate change or
pollutionrelated health risks.

• Global Connectivity: The integration of IoT with weather monitoring allows

data to be shared across platforms and networks, promoting collaboration between
researchers, government bodies, and meteorological departments across the globe.

1.3.1 OUTCOMES:
• Accurate Weather Information: Users will have access to precise and up-to-
date weather data for their location, aiding in better decision-making for outdoor
activities, travel, and planning.

• Improved Safety: Timely alerts and notifications for severe weather conditions
enhance user safety by allowing them to take necessary precautions.

• Data Analysis: The historical weather data stored can be used for trend analysis,
climate research, and studying long-term weather patterns.

• Mobile Accessibility: The mobile app ensures that users can access weather
updates on the go, making it a valuable tool for travelers, hikers, and outdoor
enthusiasts.

• Educational Value: The project can serve as an educational resource for students
and researchers interested in meteorology and IoT technology.

• Community Engagement: By sharing weather data with the community, the

project fosters a sense of engagement and collaboration among users interested in
local weather conditions.

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1.4 SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of an IoT-based weather monitoring system encompasses the
development, implementation, and integration of a comprehensive solution that
continuously monitors and reports environmental conditions such as temperature,
humidity, atmospheric pressure, and potentially wind speed, rainfall, and air quality. This
system aims to collect data from various sensors, transmit it wirelessly to cloud servers,
and make the information accessible to users through web-based platforms or mobile
applications. The scope includes not only the design of the physical hardware (sensors
and communication modules) but also the creation of user-friendly interfaces and data
analytics tools to enable real-time monitoring and analysis.

The system’s scope extends across several sectors, such as agriculture, urban
planning, disaster management, environmental protection, and scientific research. In
agriculture, it can assist farmers in optimizing irrigation, managing crops, and predicting
adverse weather events. For disaster management, it enables early warning systems,
which are crucial in mitigating the effects of natural calamities like storms or floods. In
urban areas, the system contributes to smart city initiatives, helping authorities manage
urban infrastructure and respond to climate challenges effectively.

The significance of this project lies in its potential to revolutionize how weather
data is collected, analyzed, and utilized. One of the most crucial benefits is the ability to
provide real-time and localized weather information, which traditional weather stations
often fail to offer, especially in remote or underserved areas. This helps individuals and
organizations make more informed decisions, reducing risks and enhancing preparedness
in sectors such as agriculture, transportation, and emergency services.

Moreover, the project brings a cost-effective and scalable solution to weather

monitoring, making it accessible to a broader audience. By using low-cost sensors and
IoT technology, the system can be deployed in multiple locations without significant
financial investment. This is particularly significant for small-scale farmers, rural
communities, and developing nations that may not have the resources for expensive
weather stations.

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The system also contributes to environmental protection and climate studies by

enabling continuous monitoring of critical weather parameters. With the increasing
impact of climate change, having access to long-term weather data helps researchers
study trends, predict extreme weather events, and recommend policy measures. This
makes the project valuable for both local weather monitoring and global climate efforts.

1.5 TARGET SPEACIFICATIONS

The main target specifications of an IoT-based weather monitoring system are
centered around ensuring reliable, real-time environmental data collection, efficient
processing, and easy accessibility for users. These specifications cover various aspects,
including hardware, software, communication protocols, and overall system performance.

Below are the key target specifications:

1.5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS MONITORED

• Temperature: Accurate monitoring of ambient temperature.

• Humidity: Real-time measurement of air moisture levels.

• Atmospheric Pressure: Capturing changes in air pressure for weather predictions.

• Wind Speed and Direction: Measurement for more advanced weather systems.

• Rainfall Measurement: Detection of precipitation levels.

• Air Quality: Monitoring pollutants for broader environmental assessments.

1.5.2 SENSORS AND ACCURACY

• Use reliable, high-precision sensors to ensure accurate data collection for all
parameters.

• Sensors must have low power consumption to extend the operational life of the
system in remote or hard-to-reach locations.

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• Sensors should be weather-resistant and durable, suitable for outdoor installations

in various climates.

1.5.3 DATA TRANSMISSION

• Wireless communication (Wi-Fi, GSM, LoRa, Zigbee, or Bluetooth) to transmit
data from sensors to the cloud in real time.

• Ability to operate in areas with a low internet connection by using alternative

communication methods (e.g., GSM/LoRa).

• Ensure secure and reliable data transmission protocols to protect against data loss
or interference.

1.5.4 DATA PROCESSING AND STORAGE

• Data should be processed in real time, with instant updates available to users via
mobile apps or web interfaces.

• Integration with cloud storage platforms to store large amounts of historical data
for future analysis.

• Ability to generate alerts and notifications in the event of abnormal weather

conditions or threshold breaches (e.g., extreme temperatures or sudden pressure
drops).

1.5.5 POWER SUPPLY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

• Low-power design with the option to run on solar power or rechargeable batteries,
making the system sustainable and suitable for remote locations.

• Efficient use of energy to ensure the system can run for extended periods without
frequent maintenance or power outages.

1.5.6 RELIABILITY AND DURABILITY

• Designed to work in harsh environmental conditions, ensuring the system is
robust and long-lasting.

• High uptime with minimal maintenance, reducing the need for frequent
interventions, especially in remote locations.

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1.5.7 SECURITY AND DATA PRIVACY

• Implement secure data transfer protocols to ensure the integrity and privacy of
weather data.

In summary, the main target specifications of an IoT-based weather monitoring

system revolve around real-time data accuracy, remote accessibility, durability,
scalability, and cost-efficiency. These specifications ensure that the system meets the
needs of various users, from individuals to industries, while providing reliable and
actionable weather data.

1.6 PROJECT WORK SCHEDULE

The work schedule for the IoT-based weather monitoring system project is
organized into several key phases. It begins with project planning and requirements
gathering, where the system's objectives and specifications are outlined. This is followed
by the hardware design and procurement phase, which involves selecting and sourcing
sensors, microcontrollers, and communication modules.

Afterward, software development takes place, including programming the

embedded system for data collection and integrating cloud platforms for data storage and
processing. The next phase focuses on creating a user interface and dashboard for real-
time data visualization and user accessibility. Once hardware and software components
are ready, the system undergoes integration and testing to ensure proper communication
between devices and accurate data transmission.

The project then moves to deployment and field testing, where the system is
installed in a real-world environment to monitor weather conditions and refine
performance. Finally, the project concludes with documentation, final review, and the
official launch, where the system is delivered to end users, along with training and

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operational support. The entire project is expected to take around 12-16 weeks, ensuring
that each phase is executed efficiently and thoroughly.

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY

The introduction of a literature survey on an IoT-based weather monitoring system

sets the stage for understanding the relevance and impact of leveraging Internet of Things
(IoT) technologies in weather monitoring. The growing need for real-time, accurate
weather data is becoming more critical due to climate change, increasing natural disasters,
and the importance of precise environmental information for various sectors like
agriculture, transportation, and disaster management.
Traditional weather monitoring methods, while reliable, are often limited by high
costs, the need for manual data collection, and geographical constraints. The IoT-based
weather monitoring system integrates sensor technologies, cloud computing, and real-
time data transmission to continuously monitor environmental parameters such as
temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind speed. By connecting various sensors to the
internet, the system enables real-time monitoring and automatic data transmission to
cloud platforms, allowing users to access accurate weather data from any location.

The project titled “IOT Based Weather Monitoring System” using Blynk App
aims to design on developing a real-time, connected weather monitoring system utilizing
Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The aim of the project is to create a system capable
of monitoring and displaying critical environmental parameters such as temperature,
humidity, rainfall, and soil moisture levels. These parameters are measured using specific
sensors like DHT11sensor for (Temperature and Humidity), Rain sensor for rainfall
detection, and a Soil Moisture sensor for soil condition assessment and the data is
transmitted to users through the Blynk app.

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2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1.1 PRESENT STATE AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE
WORK AREA
The field of IOT based weather monitoring systems has advanced significantly in
recent years, driven by the need for real-time, scalable, and cost-effective solutions to
monitor environmental conditions. Traditional weather stations, which rely on centralized
infrastructure and manual data collection, have limitations in terms of cost, geographic
reach, and real-time access.

In the present state, IOT weather monitoring systems typically consist of low-cost
sensors, such as temperature, humidity, rain, and soil moisture sensors, paired with
microcontrollers like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or NODEMCU to process and transmit the
data. IOT weather systems have become particularly useful in applications like
agriculture, smart cities, and disaster management, where accurate, localized, and real-
time weather data are essential. The Blynk app is often employed to provide users with
mobile access to this data, allowing them to monitor weather conditions from anywhere,
set alerts, and track trends over time.

In Recent developments state, including the use of LPWAN protocols, renewable

energy sources, and edge computing, have further enhanced the reliability, scalability,
and efficiency of these systems. The integration of AI and machine learning is also
transforming weather monitoring by providing more accurate forecasts and real-time
decision-making capabilities. However, challenges related to network reliability, energy
efficiency, and data security must be addressed to ensure the widespread adoption of IOT
weather systems across various industries, including agriculture, disaster management,
and smart cities.

2.1.2 BRIEF BACKGROUND THEORY

The concept of IOT based weather monitoring system leverages the power of the
Internet of Things (IOT) to collect, transmit, and analyze weather-related data in real time.
The foundational theory behind IoT revolves around the interconnection of devices and

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sensors via the internet, allowing them to communicate, share data, and perform tasks
autonomously without human intervention. In the context of weather monitoring, IoT
technology enables the deployment of multiple environmental sensors to continuously
monitor weather conditions such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and soil moisture in a
cost-effective and scalable manner.

• Sensor Technology: The core component of an IoT-based weather monitoring

system is the use of various environmental sensors. These sensors measure
specific weather parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed,
and soil moisture.
• Microcontrollers and IoT Platforms: The sensors are connected to
microcontrollers such as Arduino, NODEMCU, or Raspberry Pi, which act as the
central processing units of the system. The Blynk platform is often used as an
interface that allows users to access weather data remotely via their smartphones
or computers, offering real-time monitoring and alerts.
• Wireless Communication: Data collected from the sensors is transmitted
wirelessly using communication protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa, or NB-
IoT. These protocols ensure that data can be transmitted over long distances with
minimal energy consumption, making it feasible for weather stations to operate in
remote or off-grid locations.
• Real-Time Monitoring and Alerts: The IoT-based system provides real-time
monitoring of weather parameters, making it valuable for applications like
agriculture, disaster management, and urban planning. Users can set thresholds
for specific weather conditions, and the system can trigger alerts via mobile apps
or
SMS when these thresholds are exceeded, allowing for timely interventions.

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2.1.3 LITERATURE SURVEY

1. “Weather Forecasting using Arduino Based Cube-Sat” (2016) by R. Bhattacharjee,

M. Sau Giri and P. Bhattacharya

This proposed system uses temperature and humidity sensors (DHT11), pressure and
altitude sensors (BMP180) and accelerometer (ADXL-335). The data processing unit
Arduino Uno is used. Cube satellite is used to provide information about weather from
anywhere without using network. A gas balloon is used to hold and carry the Cube
satellite.

This system is simple to construct, portable, cost efficient, low power consuming and
reliable. But there are some limitations such as devices may not communicate at long
distance without powerful transceiver section, at higher altitude record of data with the
help of gas balloon may be a problem and components may be damaged by rain or
longtime use.

2. “IOT enabled environmental monitoring system for smart cities” (2016) by

J. Shah and B. Mishra.

A smart city needs to make resources more efficient and provide its residents with
services of higher caliber. The fundamental variables for providing services like
managing air quality, tracking the weather, and automating homes and buildings in a
smart city are temperature, humidity, and CO2. Inorder to check temperature, humidity,
and CO2, this study provides a customized design for an IoT-enabled environment
monitoring system. Data is transmitted from the transmitter node to the receiver node in

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an established system. Through a Graphical User Interface (GUI) created in

LabVIEW, the data got at the receiver node is tracked and recorded in an excel sheet
on a personal computer (PC).

3. “Low-cost IoT based weather monitoring system for smart community” (2017) by
K. S. Nikhilesh, Y. H. Raghavendra, P. J. Madhu Soot Hanan and R. Resmi

This work explores the use of IOT technology to develop an affordable and scalable
weather monitoring system designed for smart communities. This real-time weather
monitoring system is built for a smart home that displays weather parameters such as the
intensity of rainfall, temperature, wind speed and light intensity from the sensors to the
cloud by injecting message queuing telemetry transport protocol. The proposed system is
portable, affordable and the data can be accessed at any instant.

4. “Real- Time Cloud based Weather Monitoring System” (2018) by N.

Kumari, Sakshi, S. Gosavi and S. S. Nagre

This is an IOT based framework to gather the constant climate boundaries to store the
information to the cloud stage. The information gathered is shown through the website
page. The put away information is of extraordinary benefit where weather conditions
gauging is required. The climate boundary incorporates temperature, stickiness, dew
point, light power, pneumatic stress, precipitation, and smoke rate. The NODEMCU is
utilized as an MQTT client to move the detected information to the Thing Speak cloud
stage.

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5. "Smart Environmental Monitoring through Internet of Things using Raspberry

PI 3" (2019) by Sriyanka and S. R. Patil

This paper examines an observing framework which gives data about natural
circumstances and momentarily contacts the mechanical progression in checking the
climate and drawing out the new degree in checking the ongoing climate issues. The
framework is created utilizing Arduino, Raspberry Pi 3, Zigbee and Adafruit IO which
ends up being financially savvy and having low power utilization. The sensors will
assemble the information of different natural boundaries and give that information to
Raspberry Pi through Zigbee from the Arduino. The Raspberry Pi 3 will then transfer the
handled information on to the web through python programming and involving Adafruit
IO as an IoT stage. Trial results exhibited that the framework can precisely gauge the
convergences of the carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, flammable gases, smoke and air
quality.

6. “IoT Based Low-cost Weather Station and Monitoring System for

Precision Agriculture in India” (2020) by R. K. M. Math and N. V.
Dharwadkar

This paper proposes a IOT based real-time local weather station for PA, that would
give farmers a means of automizing their agricultural practices (irrigation, fertilization,
harvesting) at the right time. This system would also aid the farmers to do agricultural
tasks on a real-time basis, which in turn helps them to use the agricultural resources in
sufficient way and at the time when needed by the crops. This proposed weather system is
a new way towards the building of PA system considering the Indian scenarios.

7. “Low-cost live weather monitoring system using OLED display” (2021) by

Kavya Ladi, A V S N Manoj, G V N Deepak

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The author represents a low-cost live weather monitoring system using OLED display,
in which the author displays the various fields where the IoT has produced innovative
things in the system. The author described A new revolutionary system. Which measures
the real-time Weather's condition. Monitoring the weather situation is very helpful for
everyone either for farmers or industry or daily working people or for school as well. So,
the author by developing a live weather monitoring system reduced the difficulty level for
farmers and industry as well. In this paper, the author uses an OLED display that will
display the weather conditions and in the proposed model, the author uses an ESP8266-
EX microcontroller-based WeMo’s D1 board executed on Arduino, that retrieved the data
from the cloud. WeMo’s D1 is a Wi-Fi module that is developed on ESP- 8266EX
microcontroller. It has 4MB flash memory. It is one of the Excellent which is
programmed with node MCU and Arduino IDE. In this paper Author uses only two
gadgets to measure the weather conditions, i.e., WeMo’s and OLED, After the connection,
it will store the data on the cloud for storing data a thing speak website is used to display
the data regarding weather. The system displays the data on OLED and thingspeak cloud.
The author's aim is to obtain live information on weather conditions on OLED display.

8. “An Intelligent Weather Monitoring System using Internet of Things” (2021) by

M. Prasanna, M. Iyapparaja, M. Vinothkumar, B. Ramamurthy, and S. S.
Manivannan

To develop an IoT-based intelligent weather monitoring system that enables real-time

collection and remote monitoring of key weather parameters such as temperature,
humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. By leveraging various IoT sensors, the
system aims to provide accessible and timely weather data through web and mobile
platforms, facilitating informed decision-making for applications in agriculture, smart
cities, and disaster management. Additionally, the research emphasizes the creation of a
cost-effective and scalable solution that can be easily implemented across diverse
environments, enhancing local and large-scale environmental awareness and management.

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9. “Wireless Sensor Network System Design using Raspberry Pi and Arduino for
Environmental Monitoring Applications” (2021) by Sheikh Ferdoush, Xinorong Li

They have proposed their system for environmental monitoring applications. This
system includes an in-situ base station and a few distributed wireless sensor nodes. Base
station is designed using Raspberry Pi Model B. Networked sensor nodes are developed
using Arduino and Zigbee modules. To access the sensor nodes and data from the outside
world, a web application is developed on the base station using the Apache HTTP web
server. This system is low-cost, compact, scalable, easy to customize, easy to deploy and
easy to maintain. This system can be expanded by integrating additional sensing
modalities into sensor nodes. Also, the web interface can be further developed.

10. “Wireless Monitoring of Soil Moisture, Temperature and Humidity using

Zigbee in Agriculture” (2022) by Prof. C. H. Chavan, Mr. V. Karande

They have proposed their system to develop wireless sensor networks for an
agricultural environment. This system uses Wireless Sensor Networks which consist of
radio frequency transceivers, sensors, microcontrollers and power sources. Hardware of
this system includes 8-bit AVR, ZigBee, Bluetooth module, temperature, humidity, soil
moisture sensors, LCD. This system is reliable and efficient for agricultural parameters
monitoring.

11. “Online weather monitoring system using Internet of Things (IOT)” (2023)
by Muskan Choudhary, Shivendu Dubey

The main objective of this paper is to explore and review various types of weather
monitoring systems that leverage sensor technology to continuously track and report

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everchanging weather conditions in specific locations. By collecting and analyzing data

on critical parameters such as temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, and
precipitation levels, these systems provide valuable insights into climatic and
environmental changes. The research emphasizes the significance of this information for
various applications, including agriculture, geology, mining, and the development of
weather forecasting models. Ultimately, the paper aims to highlight the importance of
IoT-based weather monitoring systems in enhancing our understanding of environmental
dynamics and supporting informed decision-making across multiple sectors.

12. “The Impact of IoT and Sensor Integration on Real-Time Weather

Monitoring Systems” (2023) by Avines Panneer Selvam, Safaa Najah Saud Al-
Humairi

The main objective of this review paper is to critically analyze and elaborate on
various research studies focused on the integration of smart real-time weather monitoring
systems with mobile applications. It aims to explore the techniques, methodologies, and
technologies employed in designing and developing these systems, highlighting the
significance of accurate and real-time weather data collection across sectors such as
agriculture, transportation, aviation, and disaster management. The paper emphasizes that
the integration of advanced technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), machine
learning algorithms, and cloud computing, enhances the capability of weather monitoring
systems to provide timely and actionable insights. By examining the impact of these
systems, the review seeks to underscore their potential for improving weather forecasting
and monitoring, ultimately facilitating informed decision-making in response to dynamic
weather conditions.

2.2 SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW

The summary of the literature review on IoT-based weather monitoring systems
utilizing the Blynk app highlights the significant advancements in integrating Internet of
Things (IoT) technology with user-friendly mobile applications for real-time
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environmental monitoring. Various studies emphasize the effectiveness of low-cost

sensors in measuring key weather parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and
atmospheric pressure. The Blynk app serves as a critical interface, allowing users to
access and visualize this data remotely, thereby enhancing user engagement and decision-
making processes. Researchers have noted the advantages of using cloud computing for
data storage and processing, which facilitates scalable and secure data management.
Additionally, the incorporation of machine learning algorithms for predictive analytics
has shown promise in improving weather forecasting accuracy. Overall, the literature
underscores the transformative potential of IoT-based weather monitoring systems with
Blynk for various applications, including agriculture, disaster management, and smart
city initiatives, paving the way for enhanced environmental awareness and proactive
responses to changing weather conditions.

In conclusion, the IOT based weather monitoring system concludes that the
integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with advanced sensors and mobile
applications, such as the Blynk app, has significantly enhanced the accuracy, accessibility,
and efficiency of weather monitoring. These systems provide real-time data on key
environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, and precipitation, enabling users to
make informed decisions across various sectors, including agriculture, disaster
management, and smart city development. The reviewed studies highlight the
costeffectiveness and scalability of IoT solutions, making them accessible to a wide range
of users. Furthermore, the integration of machine learning and cloud computing has
added predictive capabilities and secure data storage, improving both weather forecasting
and long-term environmental monitoring. In conclusion, IoT-based weather monitoring
systems represent a promising technological advancement that addresses the growing
need for precise, real-time environmental data, ultimately supporting better management
of weather-related challenges.

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CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the comprehensive methodology adopted for developing

the IoT-based weather monitoring system using the Blynk app, DHT11 sensor, rain sensor,
and soil moisture sensor, connect the DHT11 (for temperature and humidity), rain sensor,
and soil moisture sensor to an Arduino or ESP8266/ESP32 microcontroller. Set up the
Blynk app with widgets to display sensor data and link it to your Wi-Fi network using the
provided authentication token. Program the microcontroller using Arduino IDE to read
sensor values and send them to the Blynk app using Wi-Fi. Data such as temperature,
humidity, rain detection, and soil moisture will be displayed in real-time on the Blynk app,
allowing remote monitoring and alerts.

EXISTING SYSTEM: A weather monitoring system that utilizes an IOT approach to

provide real-time monitoring of atmospheric pressure and gas intensity. The system was
implemented using an Arduino UNO microcontroller and 16X2 LCD display using
BMP180 Sensor, LDR Sensor, MQ135 Sensor.The BMP180 is commonly used in
IoTbased weather monitoring systems to measure atmospheric pressure, aiding in
weather prediction and monitoring changes in weather patterns.Widely used in IoT-based
air quality stations to measure concentrations of gases like CO2, smoke, and other
pollutants, providing real-time air quality data for urban or industrial areas. With the
help of the LDR sensor, the light intensity can be used as described by the author.The
data collected by the system was statistically analyzed, and the results showed no
significant difference between the study groups.

PROPOSING SYSTEM: The proposing systemis a IOT based weather monitoring

system includes the measurement of humidity, temperature, and sensing the
environmental sensors.This makes it an IoT-based weather station, allowing weather
conditions to be monitored remotely via the internet.The DHT11 module is used for
sensing humidity and temperature.The DHT11 sensor provides a calibrated digital signal

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output for these readings.The Rain sensor is an electronic device used to detect the
presence of rain or moisture in its surroundings.The soil moisture sensor is a device used
to measure the moisture content or water level in the soil.These parameters are displayed
in the BLYNK application.The weather data from different sensors is sent cloud server
to the Blynk app for monitoring.

3.1 METHODOLOGY

3.1.1 DETAILED METHODOLOGY

1. Research and Design: Conducted a literature review to understand

existing technologies and methodologies related to IOT weather monitoring
system. This involved analyzing various research papers, technical articles,
and case studies to understand the strengths and weaknesses of current
systems.

2. Component Selection: Chose components based on performance,

reliability, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with the overall design.
Each component was evaluated for its specifications to ensure it met the
project's requirements.

3. Circuit Design: Designed the circuit layout focusing on optimal

functionality and the ability to IOT based weather monitoring system. This
involved creating schematic diagrams that illustrated the connection
between various components, ensuring a logical flow of information and
throughout the system.

4. Software Development: Developed software for data processing and

realtime monitoring of weather monitoring system. This included writing

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code for data acquisition from sensors, processing this data for meaningful
insights, and implementing communication protocols for data transfer to
the user interface.

5. Testing and Validation: The testing and validation of the IoT-based

weather monitoring system using the Blynk app, DHT11 sensor, rain
sensor, and soil moisture sensor ensures the system's reliability and
accuracy. During testing, each sensor is checked for proper functionality.
The DHT11 sensor is validated by comparing temperature and humidity
readings with a standard reference device to ensure accuracy. The rain
sensor is tested under various simulated rainfall conditions to confirm that
it accurately detects and responds to changes in rainfall intensity.

3.1.2 ASSUMPTIONS MADE

• The system assumes that the sensors will continuously collect and transmit
accurate weather data (temperature, humidity, rainfall, and soil moisture) in real
time via the Blynk app.

• It is assumed that the system will maintain a stable Wi-Fi connection to ensure
uninterrupted communication between the sensors, microcontroller, and Blynk cloud
for remote monitoring.

• The system assumes that the DHT11, rain sensor, and soil moisture sensor will
perform within acceptable accuracy levels under typical environmental conditions
for reliable weather and environmental data analysis.

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3.1.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

The block diagram below shows the weather monitoring system.

Fig 3.1: Weather monitoring system

The above block diagram shows the flow of information among components:

1. NODEMCU/ESP8266 WI-FI

2. DHT11 SENSOR

3. RAIN SENSOR

4. SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

5. 16X2 LCD DISPLAY

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3.2 TOOLS USED

3.2.1 DETAILED SPECIFICATION / LISTING OF COMPONENTS

3.2.1.1 MICROCONTROLLER ESP8266 SPECIFICATIONS

• Processor: Tensilica Xtensa LX106

• Operating voltage: 3 to 5.5V
• Architecture: 32-bitClock Speed: 80 MHz to 160 MHz
• Memory: SRAM 80 KB, Flash memory 512 KB to 4 MB
• Wi-Fi Connectivity: IEEE 802.11 b/g/n (2.4 GHz band)
• Key Features: Wi-Fi connectivity, GPIO Pins, Micro-USB Port, Compact Size.
• Function: Serves as the central processing unit, collects data from sensors, and
manages communication.

Fig 3.2: ESP8266

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Fig 3.3: ESP8266 Pin Out Diagram

3.2.1.2 TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS

• Model: DHT11
• Operating Voltage: 3 to 5.5V
• Resolution: Temperature and Humidity both are 16-bit
• Temperature Range: 0 to 50°C with a ±2°C accuracy.
• Humidity Range: 20 to 90% RH with a ±5% RH accuracy.
• Accuracy: ±1°C and ±1%
• Key Features: Low Power Consumption, Single-Bus Communication, Compact &
Cost-Effective.
• Function: It measures temperature and humidity ranges

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Fig 3.4: DHT11 Sensor

3.2.1.3 RAIN SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS

• Model: YL-83
• Operating Voltage: 3 t0 5.5V
• Measurement Range: 0 to 1023
• Reliability: 80-90%
• Key Features: Rain Detection, Dual Output Adjustable Sensitivity, Low Power
Requirement, Compact & East to Use.
• Function: It detects how much rain drops in the sensor.

Fig 3.5: Rain Sensor

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3.2.1.4 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS

• Model: YL-69/FC-28 Probe

• Operating Voltage: 3 to 5.5V
• Analog Output Range: 0V (wet soil) to 3.3V or 5V (dry or soil)
• Accuracy: 75-85%
• Key Features: Moisture Detection, Dual Output Adjustable Sensitivity, Low
Power Consumption, Easy to Interface.
• Function: It detects how much water present in the soil i.e., wet soil & dry soil.

Fig 3.6: Soil Moisture Sensor

3.2.1.5 16x2 LCD DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS

• Display: 2 lines with 16 characters

• Operating Range: 4.7V to 5.3V
• Character Size: Typically, 5x8 pixels.
• Current Consumption: Around 1mA without backlight, 20mA with backlight.
• Key Features: Easy Interface, Adjustable Contrast, Low Power Consumption,
Wide Compatibility.

• Function: The LCD displays up to 32 characters in real time, which is useful for
monitoring system statuses, sensor readings, error messages, or any data that
requires user interaction.
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Fig 3.7: 16x2 LCD Display

3.2.1.6 FILTER CAPACITOR SPECIFICATIONS

• Value: 10 µF to 1000 µF
• Power Rating: 16V to 450V
• Tolerance: ±5% to ±20%
• Temperature Range: -40°C to 105°C or 125°C
• Key Features: High Capacitance, Ripple Current Handling, Temperature Stability,
Low Leakage Current.
• Function: The filter capacitor is to smooth out voltage fluctuations by reducing or
eliminating unwanted noise and ripple in electrical circuits.

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Fig 3.8: Filter Capacitor

3.2.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR COMPONENT SELECTION

Components selected based on:

• Reliability
• Accuracy
• Availability
• Cost- effectiveness
• Low power consumption
• Easy to use

3.2.3 SOFTWARE TOOLS

3.2.3.1 ARDUINO IDE

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Fig 3.9: Arduino IDE

The Arduino IDE is an open-source software, which is used to write and upload
code to the Arduino boards. The IDE application is suitable for different operating
systems such as Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.

Fig 3.10: Arduino IDE Appearance

3.2.3.2 TOOLBAR BUTTON

The icons displayed on the toolbar are New, Open, Save, Upload, and Verify. It is
shown below.

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Fig 3.11: Toolbar Button

3.2.3.3 UPLOAD

The Upload button compiles and runs our code written on the screen. It further
uploads the code to the connected board. Before uploading the sketch, we need to make
sure that the correct board and ports are selected. We also need a USB connection to
connect the board and the computer. Once all the above measures are done, click on the
Upload button present on the toolbar. The latest Arduino boards can be reset
automatically before beginning with Upload. In the older boards, we need to press the 26
Reset button as soon as the uploading is done successfully, we can notice the blink of the
Tx and Rx LED. If the uploading fails, it will display the message in the error window.
We do not require any additional hardware to upload our sketches using the Arduino
Bootloader. A Bootloader is defined as a small program, which is loaded in the
microcontroller present on the board. The LED will blink on PIN 13.

Open: The Open button is used to open the already created file. The selected file will be
opened in the current window.

Save: The save button is used to save the current sketch or code.

New: It is used to create a new sketch or open a new window. Verify: The Verify button
is used to check the compilation error of the sketch or the written code.

Serial Monitor: The serial monitor button is present on the right corner of the toolbar. It
opens the serial monitor. When we connect the serial monitor, the board will reset on the
operating system Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. If we want to process the control
characters in our sketch, we need to use an external terminal program. The terminal
program should be connected to the COM port, which will be assigned when we connect
the board to the computer.

C Language C is a general-purpose programming language that is extremely

popular, simple, and flexible to use. It is a structured programming language that is

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machine-independent and extensively used to write various applications, Operating

Systems like Windows, and many other complex programs like Oracle database, Git,
Python interpreter, and more.

Basic commands Explanation

#include<stdio.h> This command includes standard input, output header
file(stdio.h) from the C library before compiling a C
program

int main() It is the main function from where C program execution

begins.

{ Indicates the beginning of the main function.

/*_some_comments _*/ Whatever written inside this command “/* */” inside a
C program, it will not be considered for compilation
and execution.

printf(“Hello_World! “); This command prints the output on the screen.

getch(); This command is used for any character input from
keyboard.

return 0; This command is used to terminate a C program (main

function) and it returns 0.

} It is used to indicate the end of the main function.

3.3 SOURCE CODE

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
#include <DHT.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

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char auth[] = "4Tw2uOkxaplY6-KKByYGQlDOGHvk73_f"; //Enter the Auth code which was send
by Blink
char ssid[] = "Dialog 4G 025"; //Enter your WIFI Name
char pass[] = "jangu1234"; //Enter your WIFI Password
DHT dht(D3, DHT11); //(sensor pin,sensor type)
BlynkTimer timer; void weather() { float h =
dht.readHumidity(); float t =
dht.readTemperature(); int r = analogRead(A0);
bool l = digitalRead(D4); r = map(r, 0, 1023,
100, 0); if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
}
Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, t); //V0 is for Temperature
Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, h); //V1 is for Humidity
Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, r); //V2 is for Rainfall
if (l == 0) {
WidgetLED led1(V3);
led1.on();
lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
lcd.print("L :");
lcd.print("High");
lcd.print(" ");
} else if (l == 1) {
WidgetLED led1(V3);
led1.off();
lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
lcd.print("L :");
lcd.print("Low");
lcd.print(" "); }

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lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("T :");
lcd.print(t);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("H :");
lcd.print(h);
lcd.setCursor(9, 0);
lcd.print("R :");
lcd.print(r); lcd.print("
");
} void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // See the connection status in Serial Monitor
lcd.init(); lcd.backlight();
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
dht.begin();
// Setup a function to be called every second
timer.setInterval(10L, weather);
} void loop()
{
Blynk.run(); // Initiates Blynk
timer.run(); // Initiates
SimpleTimer
}

3.4 BLYNK APP SETUP

• First, download and install the Blynk app on your phone. After, sign up for this
app using your email address. Then, click the “New project” button.
.
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Fig 3.12 Setup for Blynk app step 1

• Next, enter the project name as you like and select the device and connection type.
Then click the “Confirm” button.

Fig 3.13: Setup for Blynk app step 2

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• OK, now we can see the project interface. Next, let’s add the widgets to the
interface. For that, click the “+” icon in the corner and include the three Gauge
widgets and one LED widget.

Fig 3.14: Setup for Blynk app step 3

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• OK, let’s set up this widget one by one. For that, Name the Gauge widgets as
Temperature, Humidity, and Rainfall, respectively. Also, set the PINs to V0, V1,
and V2 and set the display values from 0 to 100.

Fig 3.15: Setup for Blynk app step 4

• Then, click the LED widget and set the PIN as V3.

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Fig 3.16: Setup for Blynk app step 5 •

Finally, customize this widget to your liking.

Fig 3.17 Setup for Blynk app step 6

In conclusion, the methodology employed in the IoT-based weather monitoring
system utilizing the Blynk app, DHT11 sensor, rain sensor, and soil moisture sensor

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demonstrates a practical and effective approach for real-time environmental data

acquisition. The integration of these sensors allows for comprehensive monitoring of key
weather parameters, including temperature, humidity, rainfall, and soil moisture levels.

The Blynk app provides a user-friendly interface for remote data visualization and
control, enabling users to access weather conditions and sensor readings from anywhere
with internet connectivity. This setup not only facilitates timely monitoring but also
supports decision-making in agricultural and environmental applications.

Overall, the combination of IoT technology, Blynk’s cloud platform, and reliable
sensors contributes to an efficient and scalable weather monitoring solution, which can be
further enhanced with additional sensors or data analytics for more advanced forecasting
and environmental assessments.

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CHAPTER 4: RESULT ANALYSIS

This chapter presents the result analysis of the IOT based weather monitoring
system. It discusses the data collected during testing, including graphical and tabular
representations of environmental weather conditions measurements. The analysis also
addresses the significance of the obtained results, any deviations from expected outcomes,
and justifications for these deviations. Finally, conclusions are drawn based on a detailed
examination of the results, emphasizing the effectiveness and reliability of the weather
monitoring for environmental conditions.

4.1 RESULT ANALYSIS

In this section, we present the result analysis of the IoT-based weather monitoring
system using graphical and tabular formats. The analysis includes data from various
sensors, focusing on temperature, humidity, wind speed,soil moisture, and rainfall
measurements.

4.1.1 TABULAR FORMS

• Table 4.1: TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY RANGES

Timestamp Temperature (°C) Humidity (%) Notes

2024-10-27 10:00 AM 28.5 65 Normal

2024-10-27 12:00 PM 30.2 60 Warm and Moderate
2024-10-27 02:00 PM 32.0 58 Hot and Dry
2024-10-27 04:00 PM 29.8 63 Cooling Down
2024-10-27 06:00 PM 26.5 70 Evening, Humidity Rising
2024-10-27 08:00 PM 24.0 75 Night, Increased Humidity

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This table format provides a clear overview of temperature and humidity trends, useful
for analyzing weather changes over time. And this table observes weather patterns, such
as "Hot and Dry" or "Cooling Down," based on the time of day and sensor readings.

• Table 4.2: RAINFALL MEASUREMENTS

Timestamp Rain Status Rain Intensity (if Notes

available)

2024-10-27 10:00 AM No Rain 0 mm Clear weather

2024-10-27 11:30 AM Light Rain 2 mm Light drizzle

2024-10-27 01:00 PM Moderate Rain 10 mm Moderate rainfall detected

2024-10-27 03:00 PM Heavy Rain 25 mm Heavy rain, potential flooding

2024-10-27 05:00 PM No Rain 0 mm Rain stopped

2024-10-27 08:00 PM Light Rain 3 mm Evening drizzle

2024-10-27 09:00 PM Heavy Rain 5 mm Heavy drizzle

This table helps monitor rainfall patterns and make informed decisions based on real-time
rain conditions. It Provides additional observations or recommendations, e.g., "Clear
weather" or "Potential flooding”. And it indicates whether it’s "No Rain", "Light Rain",
"Moderate Rain", or "Heavy Rain".

• Table 4.3: SOIL MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS

Timestamp Soil Moisture Moisture Status Notes

Level (%)

2024-10-27 08:00 AM 20 Dry Irrigation recommended

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2024-10-27 10:00 AM 35 Moderate Slightly dry, monitor soil

2024-10-27 12:00 PM 50 Optimal Ideal moisture level
2024-10-27 02:00 PM 65 Optimal Good for crop health

2024-10-27 04:00 PM 97 Wet Soil may be too saturated

2024-10-27 06:00 PM 80 Optimal Moisture returning to normal

2024-10-27 08:00 PM 55 Moderate Slightly dry, monitor soil

This table shows the soil moisture level as a percentage, with higher values indicating
more moisture. It provides a quick assessment of soil condition, such as “Dry,”
“Moderate,” “Optimal,” or “Wet”. It includes recommendations or observations, like
"Irrigation recommended" or "Soil may be too saturated”. It helps track soil hydration,
making it easier to manage irrigation and maintain ideal moisture levels for plant health.

4.1.2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND KIT DEVELOPMENT

1. Hardware Connections:

• Connect the DHT11 sensor to the ESP8266/ESP32’s digital pin for

temperature and humidity data.
• Attach the rain sensor to another digital pin, allowing it to detect water
contact and measure rain.
• Connect the soil moisture sensor to an analog pin, which will provide soil
hydration data.

2. Install the Blynk Library:

• In the Arduino IDE, install the Blynk library and any necessary libraries for
the ESP8266 or ESP32.

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• Add code to integrate each sensor with the Blynk library for remote
monitoring.

3. Blynk App Setup:

• Download and create an account on the Blynk app.
• Create a new project and select the device model (ESP8266 or ESP32)
and Wi-Fi connection.
• Use the Blynk Token provided to link the app with your code in the
Arduino IDE.
• Add widgets in the app for each sensor (e.g., gauge for temperature, bar
for humidity, graph for soil moisture).

4. Programming and Uploading Code:

• Write a program in the Arduino IDE that reads data from each sensor and
sends it to the Blynk app using Wi-Fi.
• Upload the code to ESP8266.

5. Testing and Calibration:

• Test the system to ensure all sensors are reading data accurately.
• Calibrate the soil moisture sensor and rain sensor if necessary to enhance
data accuracy.

6. Real-Time Monitoring:

• Open the Blynk app to view real-time data from each sensor, with
automatic updates for temperature, humidity, rainfall, and soil moisture
levels.
• Set up notifications in the app for specific conditions (e.g., alerts when soil
moisture is low or when rain is detected).

This setup allows continuous weather data monitoring through the Blynk app,
making it accessible and actionable in real-time for users.

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Fig 4.1: Kit setup for weather monitoring

4.1.3 WORKING RESULTS FOR EACH SENSORS

•DHT11 SENSOR

1. Structure and Components:

• The DHT11 sensor combines a thermistor (for temperature) and a humidity

sensor (for humidity levels).
• It has an onboard microcontroller to convert analog data from these
components into digital output.

2. Working Principle:

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• Humidity Measurement: The humidity sensor inside DHT11 uses two

electrodes with a moisture-holding substrate between them. As humidity
changes, the conductivity between these electrodes’ changes, generating a
digital signal representing the humidity level.
• Temperature Measurement: The thermistor measures ambient
temperature. Changes in temperature cause resistance fluctuations, which
the sensor’s microcontroller interprets and outputs as a digital temperature
reading.

3. Data Transmission:

• DHT11 sends data to the connected microcontroller (e.g., ESP8266 or

ESP32) through a single-wire digital interface, which simplifies wiring.
• The sensor transmits temperature and humidity readings at intervals,
typically once per second.

4. Integration with IoT and Blynk App:

• The microcontroller reads data from the DHT11 sensor and sends it to the
Blynk app via Wi-Fi.
• The Blynk app displays this data in real time, enabling remote monitoring
of temperature and humidity.

5. Applications in DHT11 Sensor:

• Weather monitoring systems

• Agriculture monitoring systems
• HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) Systems
• Home Automation Systems

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The DHT11 sensor is preferred for basic weather monitoring systems due to its
simplicity, low power consumption, and ability to measure both temperature and
humidity in a single, compact unit.

Fig 4.2: Kit working result of DHT11 sensor

Fig 4.3: Blynk app result of DHT11 Sensor

•RAIN SENSOR

1. Structure of the Rain Sensor:

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• The rain sensor typically consists of a sensing board and a control module.
• The sensing board has conductive strips arranged in a grid-like pattern,
while the control module reads changes in conductivity on this board.

2. Detecting Rain:

• When rain falls on the sensing board, water droplets connect the
conductive strips, allowing current to pass through.
• The amount of water on the sensor changes its conductivity, which the
control module interprets.

3. Signal Conversion:

• The control module converts the conductivity change into an analog signal
proportional to the amount of rain.
• The more water on the sensing board, the higher the analog output value
(representing heavier rainfall).

4. Data Transmission to the Microcontroller:

• The control module sends the analog signal to a microcontroller, like an

ESP8266 or ESP32, which can read and process the data.
• The microcontroller may convert this analog signal to a digital value,
representing rainfall intensity.

5.Real-Time Data Display on the Blynk App:

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• The microcontroller connects to the Blynk app via Wi-Fi and sends the rain
data in real-time.
• In the Blynk app, users can see live updates on rain status, and threshold
alerts can be set up to notify users of rainfall.

6.Applications in Weather Monitoring:

• Agricultural Irrigation Management

• Weather Stations
• Smart Home Systems
• Building Management Systems
• Flood Monitoring
• Environmental Monitoring

The rain sensor detects precipitation by measuring changes in conductivity,

sending data to the microcontroller, and enabling real-time monitoring through the Blynk
app, making it an essential component of an IoT weather monitoring system.

Fig 4.4: Kit working result of Rain sensor

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Fig: 4.5 Blynk app result of rain sensor i.e. rain status is OFF or ON condition

•SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

1. Structure of the Soil Moisture Sensor:

• A typical soil moisture sensor consists of two probes that are inserted into
the soil, a control circuit, and sometimes a humidity sensor.
• The probes are usually made of conductive material that measures the
resistance or capacitance between them.

2. Measuring Soil Moisture:

• The sensor operates on the principle that water conducts electricity. When
soil moisture levels are high, the conductivity (or capacitance) between
the probes increases.
• As the moisture content decreases, the resistance between the probes
increases, leading to a lower conductivity reading.

3. Signal Processing:

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• The sensor converts the conductivity measurement into an analog signal,

which is then sent to a microcontroller (like ESP8266 or ESP32) for
processing.
• The microcontroller reads the analog signal and converts it into a digital
value representing the soil moisture level, typically expressed as a percentage.

4. Data Transmission to IoT Platform:

• The microcontroller transmits the soil moisture data to an IoT platform, such
as the Blynk app, via Wi-Fi.
• This allows for real-time monitoring and remote access to soil moisture
levels.

5. User Interaction and Automation:

• Users can view live soil moisture data on the Blynk app and set threshold
alerts. For example, they can receive notifications when soil moisture falls
below a certain level, prompting irrigation actions.
• The system can also be integrated with automated irrigation systems to
optimize watering based on real-time soil moisture readings.

6. Applications of soil moisture sensor

• Soil Research
• Smart Farming
• Environmental Monitoring
• Flood Prediction and Management
• Agricultural Irrigation Management

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The soil moisture sensor measures the water content in the soil by detecting
conductivity changes, sends the data to a microcontroller, and allows for real-time
monitoring and automation through an IoT platform, making it essential for efficient
agricultural and environmental management.

Fig: 4.6: Kit working result of soil moisture sensor

Fig 4.7: Blynk app result of soil moisture sensor i.e. wet & dry soil

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4.1.4 EXPLANATION FOR THE GRAPHICAL / TABULATED RESULTS

The tabular formats organize data into structured tables, allowing users to see
exact readings over time and quickly compare values across different dates or times. A
real-time data table in the Blynk app displays current values from each sensor, updating
automatically. This format is useful when users want a live, consolidated view of
allweather parameters in one place.

The graphical representation in the Blynk app makes it easy to see trends over
time and observe environmental changes immediately. Curve graphs are commonly used
to show continuous changes in temperature, humidity, and soil moisture throughout the
day. For example, a line graph tracking temperature readings from the DHT11 sensor can
show warming and cooling trends, highlighting peak times. Similarly, soil moisture levels
tracked with a line graph help visualize how moisture changes after rain or irrigation.

The combination of graphical and tabular data in the Blynk app enhances the
monitoring experience by offering both a visual overview and precise details. Users can
quickly understand trends through graphs, and tables offer exact readings for in-depth
analysis. Real-time updates keep data current, while historical tables allow users to reflect
on past conditions, making it possible to make informed decisions about irrigation,
weather forecasting, and general environmental monitoring.

4.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED

The results obtained from an IoT-based weather monitoring system using the
Blynk app with DHT11, rain, and soil moisture sensors hold substantial significance
across multiple domains, including agriculture, environmental monitoring, and urban
planning.

The temperature and humidity data from the DHT11 sensor is essential for
optimizing agricultural practices and maintaining healthy ecosystems. Temperature and
humidity are pivotal factors that influence plant growth, crop yield, and soil health. By
monitoring these values in real time, farmers can make data-driven decisions on when to
plant, irrigate, or harvest, reducing the risk of crop damage due to weather extremes.

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The rain sensor adds significant value to water resource management and flood
prevention. By detecting precipitation in real time, this sensor enables automated
irrigation systems to pause during rainfall, conserving water and preventing soil erosion
from overirrigation. For agricultural applications, the rain sensor aids crop protection by
providing insights into recent rainfall, allowing farmers to adjust irrigation schedules or
postpone field activities like fertilization to avoid nutrient wash-off.

The soil moisture sensor is crucial for precision irrigation and soil health
management. By providing continuous data on soil moisture levels, it enables farmers to
determine exactly when plants need watering, optimizing water usage and enhancing crop
yield. This is particularly important for conserving water in areas with limited resources,
as the sensor prevents overwatering, which can lead to root damage and nutrient loss. By
maintaining optimal soil moisture, this sensor promotes plant health, minimizes water
waste, and reduces the environmental impact of agricultural and landscaping practices.

Overall, the integrated data from the DHT11, rain, and soil moisture sensors allow
for comprehensive, real-time monitoring of environmental conditions, supporting
efficient, data-driven management of water, soil, and energy resources. The Blynk app’s
capability to visualize this data enables users to quickly interpret and act on sensor
readings, resulting in reduced costs, resource conservation, and enhanced productivity.

In conclusion, the IoT-based weather monitoring system using the Blynk app, with data
from DHT11, rain, and soil moisture sensors, the tabular and graphical results provide
clear, actionable insights. Graphs reveal trends in temperature, humidity, and soil
moisture over time, helping users quickly identify patterns, such as daily temperature
peaks or rainfall events. Meanwhile, tables display precise values, aiding in detailed
comparisons of weather conditions across different time frames. Together, these
visualizations enhance decision-making in agriculture, environmental management, and
water conservation by delivering real-time data and historical trends in an easy-to-
interpret format, optimizing resource use and supporting timely actions.

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CHAPTER 5: APPLICATIONS

5.1 APPLICATIONS

The IOT-based weather monitoring system has a wide range of applications across
various sectors:

• Agriculture: Farmers use IoT weather monitoring to track temperature,

humidity, soil moisture, and rainfall. This helps optimize irrigation schedules,
protect crops from adverse weather, and manage resources more efficiently,
leading to better crop yields.

• Smart Cities: City planners and environmental agencies use weather data
from IoT sensors to manage pollution levels, assess urban heat islands, and
improve public health initiatives. For example, real-time air quality monitoring
helps mitigate the effects of pollution.

• Disaster Management: Real-time weather data enables quicker detection and

response to extreme weather events, like floods or storms. IoT systems can
issue early warnings and alerts to help prevent casualties and property damage.

• Environmental Monitoring: IoT weather systems are used to monitor

environmental conditions in sensitive areas such as forests, mountains, and
marine ecosystems. They help track trends, detect changes, and contribute to
conservation efforts.

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• Home and Building Automation: These systems can optimize climate

control by adjusting heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems
based on real-time weather conditions, reducing energy consumption and
costs.

• Transportation: In aviation and road transport, weather monitoring systems

help optimize routes and ensure safety by providing real-time weather
information. For example, airports use IoT sensors to monitor runway
conditions in adverse weather.

These applications help create safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly
systems across industries, driven by the real-time data that IoT weather monitoring
provides.

5.2 ADVANTAGES

• Real-Time Data: These systems provide continuous, up-to-date weather

information, enabling immediate responses to changes. This is critical for
industries like agriculture, transportation, and disaster management, where
timely data can prevent losses and improve efficiency.
• Remote Monitoring: With IoT connectivity, users can access weather data
from anywhere via mobile apps or web platforms. This is especially useful for
monitoring remote or hard-to-reach locations, reducing the need for physical
visits and manual data collection.
• Cost-Effective: Automated data collection reduces labor and resources needed
for traditional monitoring methods. By using low-cost sensors and centralized
data collection, IoT systems make weather monitoring affordable and scalable.
• Enhanced Decision-Making: Detailed weather data helps organizations make

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informed decisions, such as adjusting irrigation in farming or planning routes

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in transportation. This minimizes risks, optimizes resources, and leads to better

outcomes.

• Predictive Analytics: Historical weather data collected over time can be used
for predictive analytics, helping forecast trends and prepare for adverse
weather conditions. This is valuable for long-term planning in sectors like
agriculture, urban planning, and environmental conservation.
• Automation and Alerts: IoT systems can be programmed to automate
responses (e.g., activating irrigation when soil moisture is low) and send alerts
for conditions like storms, droughts, or extreme temperatures, enhancing safety
and efficiency.

These advantages make IoT-based weather monitoring systems highly effective for
a range of applications, providing data-driven insights and automated responses for
improved environmental management.

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CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK

6.1 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE WORK

The IoT-based weather monitoring system using the Blynk app, DHT11 sensor,
rain sensor, and soil moisture sensor is designed to provide real-time monitoring of
critical environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and soil
moisture levels. The system utilizes the DHT11 sensor to measure temperature and
humidity, the rain sensor to detect the presence and intensity of rainfall, and the soil
moisture sensor to track soil moisture content, which is particularly useful in agricultural
applications.

These sensors are connected to a microcontroller (like Arduino or NODEMCU),

which processes the collected data and sends it to the cloud. The Blynk app acts as the
user interface, allowing users to remotely access the weather data through their
smartphones or computers in real time. The app displays the data in a simple and intuitive
dashboard, providing users with immediate insights into weather conditions at any
location.

This system is cost-effective, scalable, and versatile, making it suitable for

applications in sectors like agriculture, where monitoring soil moisture is critical for
irrigation management, and in other fields like disaster management and environmental
monitoring. The integration of IoT and the Blynk app ensures that users can track
environmental conditions remotely, receive alerts for critical changes, and make timely
decisions based on real-time data.

The Blynk app serves as the user interface, enabling users to access and visualize
live weather data remotely via smartphones or computers. It allows users to view weather
conditions in a simple, user-friendly dashboard and set up real-time alerts for significant
weather changes. The system is scalable, cost-effective, and suitable for applications in

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agriculture, disaster management, and smart cities, providing continuous monitoring and
improving decision-making processes in weather-sensitive industries.

Additionally, the integration of cloud storage allows for the secure collection and
analysis of historical data, and advanced features like machine learning can be added to
predict future weather patterns. Overall, this IoT-based weather monitoring system with
Blynk app integration offers a robust and practical solution for tracking environmental
conditions in real-time, making weather data accessible to users anywhere, anytime.

6.2 CONCLUSION
The main conclusion of the IoT-based weather monitoring system using the Blynk app,
DHT11 sensor, rain sensor, and soil moisture sensor is that it provides a reliable, realtime,
and user-friendly solution for monitoring essential weather and environmental parameters.
The integration of the DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity, the rain sensor for
detecting precipitation, and the soil moisture sensor for assessing soil conditions enables
accurate data collection crucial for applications like agriculture, environmental
monitoring, and disaster management.

By using the Blynk app, users can remotely access live data from any location,
making the system highly accessible and easy to use. The combination of IoT technology
and mobile connectivity allows users to track environmental changes in real-time,
improving decision-making processes in various weather-dependent sectors. The
system’s cost-effectiveness, scalability, and ability to provide continuous data insights
further emphasize its practical value.

By saving the climate station in the climate to observe self-insurance to the

climate. To carry out this need to utilize sensor gadgets in the climate for gathering
information and examination. By utilizing sensor gadgets in the climate, we can bring the
climate into reality. The keen method to screen climate a productive, easy-inserted
framework is introduced in this paper. it additionally sent the sensor boundaries to the
cloud.

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In conclusion, this project demonstrates the effectiveness of IoT-enabled weather

monitoring systems in providing precise, real-time environmental data, offering
significant benefits for sectors like agriculture, urban planning, and disaster management,
where timely information is essential.

• This is a smart way to monitor the environment and an efficient, low-cost

embedded system.

• We have successfully created and deployed an IoT based device that monitors the
basic environmental parameters around us and sends the data to the server
successfully.
• This data has successfully been displayed on the dashboard and saved for future
uses.
• The dashboard successfully works both in mobile applications and its website on
desktop.

6.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED

The significance of the results obtained from the IoT-based weather monitoring
system using the Blynk app, DHT11 sensor, rain sensor, and soil moisture sensor lies in
its ability to provide real-time, accurate, and accessible weather data, which has practical
applications in various sectors.

1. Enhanced Agricultural Management: The system's ability to monitor soil

moisture, temperature, and humidity in real-time is particularly beneficial for
agriculture. Farmers can make informed decisions about irrigation, optimize water
usage, and improve crop yield by responding promptly to changes in soil and
weather conditions.

2. Improved Disaster Management: With real-time rainfall data and other

environmental metrics, the system allows for early detection of potential flood
risks or other weather-related hazards. This improves preparedness and response
time, potentially saving lives and reducing damage.

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3. Real-time Remote Monitoring: The Blynk app provides users with the ability to
monitor weather conditions from anywhere, offering flexibility and convenience.
This capability is crucial for remote locations or hard-to-reach areas where
constant monitoring is necessary.

4. Cost-effectiveness: The use of low-cost sensors and IoT technology makes

weather monitoring systems more affordable and scalable. This can democratize
access to real-time weather data for small-scale farmers, remote communities, and
other users who may not have the resources for traditional weather monitoring
stations.

5. Data-Driven Decision Making: By offering real-time data on weather conditions,

the system supports better decision-making across multiple industries, including
agriculture, construction, urban planning, and environmental conservation.
Datadriven actions can reduce risks, enhance productivity, and optimize resources.

In summary, the results of the project demonstrate that an IoT-based weather

monitoring system using Blynk, DHT11, rain sensor, and soil moisture sensor is a highly
valuable tool for enabling informed, real-time decision-making in sectors that depend
heavily on environmental data.

6.4 FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK

The future scope of the IoT-based weather monitoring system using the Blynk app,
DHT11 sensor, rain sensor, and soil moisture sensor offers several exciting opportunities
for improvement and expansion. One major area for growth is the integration of
additional sensors to monitor more complex weather parameters such as wind speed,
solar radiation, and atmospheric pressure. This would enhance the system's ability to
track a wider range of environmental factors, making it more useful for sectors like
precision agriculture, environmental research, and smart cities, where a detailed
understanding of weather conditions is crucial.

In terms of energy efficiency, future designs could incorporate solar-powered

sensors to make the system more sustainable, especially in remote or rural areas where

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electricity is limited. This would reduce reliance on external power sources and make the
system more environmentally friendly.

From a user perspective, enhancing the Blynk app interface could make the
system even more intuitive and accessible. Future updates might include real-time
visualizations of data on maps, notifications for critical weather changes, and
customization options for users to tailor the data display according to their specific needs.

Lastly, data sharing could be expanded to allow collaboration with local

governments, researchers, and communities. Sharing real-time data could contribute to
more informed decision-making in agriculture, urban planning, and disaster response.
The system could also be integrated with other IoT systems, such as smart city
infrastructures or air quality monitoring networks, creating a comprehensive
environmental management platform.

In conclusion, the future scope of the IoT-based weather monitoring system using
the Blynk app, DHT11, rain sensor, and soil moisture sensor includes advancements in
sensor technology, predictive analytics, scalability, sustainability, and user experience.
These improvements would enhance the system’s ability to provide real-time, actionable
weather data, making it a valuable tool for multiple industries and broader applications.

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