This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what

changes have been made to the previous version. Because

it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.

Designation:A449–07b´1 Designation: A449 – 10

Standard Specification for

Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/
105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A449; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

ϵ1NOTE—Table 1 was editorially revised in June 2010.

1. Scope*
1.1 This specification2 covers quenched and tempered steel hex cap screws, bolts, and studs having a minimum tensile strength
of 120 ksi for diameters 1.0 in. and smaller; 105 ksi for diameters over 1.0 in. to 11⁄2 in.; and 90 ksi for diameters 13⁄4 in. to 3.0
in. inclusive. The term "fasteners" in this specification denotes hex cap screws, bolts, and studs.
1.2 The fasteners are intended for general engineering use.
1.3The1.3 The fasteners are furnished in diameters 1⁄4 to 3.0 in. inclusive. They are designated by type denoting chemical
composition as follows:
Type Description

Type I Plain carbon steel, carbon boron steel, alloy

steel, or alloy boron steel

iTeh Standards
Type 2 Withdrawn 2003
Type 3 Weathering steel

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1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined in this specification.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information purposes only.
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1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents ASTM A449-10
2.1https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/4081ee48-8673-436f-99f2-6c6a13170e32/astm-a449-10
ASTM Standards: 3

A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts

A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct
Tension Indicators, and Rivets
F788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws,
Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners

1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets
and Washers.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A449–07a. DOI:
10.1520/A0449-07B.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A449 – 07b ϵ1. DOI:
10.1520/A0449-10.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifications SA-449 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 A449 – 10
G101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels
2.2 ASME Standards:4
B 1.1 Unified Screw Threads
B 18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws
B 18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Standard for B18 Fastener Products

3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for fasteners under this specification shall include the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces),
3.1.2 Size, including nominal diameter and length,
3.1.3 Name of product,
3.1.4Type,3.1.4 Type, that is, Type 1, or Type 3 as required,
3.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue, and
3.1.6 Other components such as nuts and washers if required.
3.1.7 Hot-Dip or Mechanically Deposited Zinc Coatings—For hot-dip or mechanically deposited zinc coatings covered by 5.1
and requiring over-tapped nuts, specify the zinc coating process required, that is, hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference
(see 5.1).
3.1.8 Other Coatings—Specify other protective coating if required (see 5.2).
3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is required.
3.1.10 Test reports if required.
3.1.11 Supplementary or special requirements.
3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, see ASME B18.24.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description follows: 1000 pieces 1⁄8 in. diameter 3 4.0 in. long hex cap screw, Type 1, ASTM A449–XX, each with one
finished hex nut ASTM A563, Grade DH. Each component mechanically zinc coated in accordance with B695, Class 5, Type II.
3.2 Suitable Nuts and Washers: iTeh Standards
3.2.1Suitable3.2.1 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unless otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut shall
be as follows:
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Fastener Size and Surface Finish Nut Grade and StyleA

⁄ to 11⁄2 in., plain (or with a coating of insufficient

14 B, hex
thickness to require over-tapped nuts)
Over 11⁄2 to 3 in., plain (or with a coating of insuffi- A, heavy hex
ASTM A449-10
cient thickness to require over-tapped nuts)
1⁄4 to 3 in., zinc-coated (or with a coating thickness DH, heavy hex
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/4081ee48-8673-436f-99f2-6c6a13170e32/astm-a449-10
requiring over-tapped nuts)
1⁄4 to 3 in., Type 3 C3, DH3, heavy hex
A
Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Specification A563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style of nut are suitable.

3.2.2Unless3.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, washers ordered with fasteners shall be furnished to the requirements of
Specification F436, Type 1 or Specification F436, Type 3. Washers for A449 Type 3 fasteners shall conform to Specification F436
Type 3.

4. Materials and Manufacture

4.1 Heat Treatment:
4.1.1 Type 1 fasteners produced from medium carbon steel shall be quenched in a liquid medium from the austenitizing
temperature.
4.1.2Type4.1.2 Type 1 fasteners produced from medium carbon steel to which chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or boron were
intentionally added, and Type 3 fasteners, shall be quenched in oil from the austenitizing temperature.
4.1.3Type4.1.3 Type 1 and Type 3 fasteners, regardless of the steel used, shall be tempered by reheating to not less than 800°F.
4.2 Threading—Threads shall be rolled, cut, or ground.
4.3 Secondary Processing—If any processing which can affect the mechanical properties of the fasteners is performed after the
initial testing, the fasteners shall be retested for all specified mechanical properties affected by the reprocessing.

5. Protective Coatings
5.1 Zinc, Hot Dip, and Mechanically Deposited Requiring Over-tapped Nuts:

4
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.

2
 A449 – 10
5.1.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the purchaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, such as, hot-dip,
mechanically deposited, or no preference.
5.1.2 When hot dip is specified, the fasteners shall be zinc coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the requirements
of Specification F2329.
5.1.3When5.1.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasteners shall be zinc coated by the mechanical deposition
process in accordance with the requirements of Class 55 of Specification B695.
5.1.4When5.1.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier may furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with
Specification F2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coating in accordance with Specification B695, Class 55. Threaded
components (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the same zinc coating process, and the suppliers’ option shall be limited to one
process per item with no mixed processes in a lot.
NOTE 2—When the intended application requires that assembled tension exceeds 50 % of minimum bolt or stud proof load, an anti-galling lubricant
may be needed. Application of such a lubricant to nuts and a test of the lubricant efficiency are provided in Supplementary Requirement S1 of
Specification A563 and should be specified when required.
5.2 Other Coatings:
5.2.1 When other coatings are required, the purchaser shall specify the coating specification, including the classification codes
or grade numbers to identify the coating material, thickness, supplemental treatments, or other requirements to define the coating.
The fasteners shall be coated in accordance with and conform to the specified coating specification.
5.2.2 When a specification does not apply, the purchaser shall specify the desired coating, coating thickness, supplemental
treatments, or other requirements to define the coating.

6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Type 1 fasteners shall be plain carbon steel, carbon boron steel, alloy steel, or alloy boron steels, at the manufacturers option,
conforming to the requirements in Table 1.
6.2Type6.2 Type 3 fasteners shall be weathering steel and shall conform to one of the chemical compositions specified in Table
iTeh Standards
2. The selection of the chemical composition, A, B, C, D, E or F, shall be a the option of the manufacuturer. See Guide G101 for
methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steel.

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6.3Product6.3 Product analyses made on finished fasteners representing each lot shall conform to the product analysis
requirements specified in Table 1 or Table 2, as applicable.
6.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted for bolts.
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Compliance shall be based on certification that heats of steel having any of the listed elements intentionally added were not used
to produce the bolts.
6.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
ASTM A449-10
7. Mechanical Properties
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7.1 Hardness—The fasteners shall conform to the hardness specified in Table 3. See Table 3, Note A.
7.2 Tensile Properties:
7.2.1 Except as permitted in 7.2.2 for long fasteners and 7.2.3 for short fasteners, hex cap screws and hex and square head bolts
in sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a length of 21⁄4 D and longer and sizes 11⁄8 to 11⁄2 in. inclusive having a length of 3D and longer
shall be wedge tested full size. Bolts with heads other than hex or square shall be axially tested. Both wedge and axially tested
hex cap screws and bolts shall conform to the proof load or alternative proof load, and minimum wedge tensile load in Tables 4
and 5, as applicable. The load applied during proof load testing shall be equal to or greater than the proof load in Table 4 or Table
5 as applicable.
7.2.2 Hex cap screws and square head bolts larger than 11⁄2 in. diameter, other than those excepted in 7.2.3, shall preferably be
tested full size and when so tested shall conform to the tensile strength and either the specified proof load or yield strength
requirements in Tables 4 and 5, as applicable. When equipment of sufficient capacity for full size testing is not available, or when
the length of the bolt makes full size testing impractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shall conform to the requirements
of Table 6.
7.2.3 Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a length shorter than 21⁄4 D down to 2D inclusive, which cannot be wedge tensile tested
shall be axially tension tested full size and shall conform to the minimum tensile load and proof load or alternate proof load
specified in Tables 4 and 5. Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a length shorter than 2D which cannot be axially tensile tested shall
be qualified on the basis of hardness.
7.2.4 Studs 3D and longer shall be axially tension tested full size and shall conform to the tensile and proof load or alternate
proof load specified in Table 4 and Table 5, as applicable. When equipment for full size testing is not available, or when the studs
are too long for full size testing, machined specimens shall be tested and shall conform to the tensile requirements in Table 6.
7.2.5 If fasteners are subjected to both hardness and tensile tests, the tensile test results shall take precedence in the event of
low hardness test results.
7.2.6 If fasteners are subjected to both full size and machined specimen tests, the full size test results shall take precedence if
the results of the two methods differ.

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 A449 – 10
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 Fasteners

Carbon Steel
Element
Heat Analysis Product Analysis
Carbon 0.30–0.52 0.28–0.55
Manganese, min 0.60 0.57
Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.048
Sulfur, max 0.050 0.058
Silicon 0.15–0.30† 0.13–0.32
Silicon 0.15–0.30 0.13–0.32
Carbon Steel
Element
Boron Steel
Element
Heat Analysis Product Analysis
Carbon 0.30–0.52 0.28–0.55
Manganese, min 0.60 0.57
Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.048
Sulfur, max 0.050 0.058
Silicon 0.10–0.30 0.08–0.32
Boron 0.0005–0.003 0.0005–0.003
Carbon Steel
Element
Alloy Steel
Element
Heat Analysis Product Analysis
Carbon 0.30–0.52 0.28–0.55
Manganese, min 0.60 0.57
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045

iTeh Standards
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.13–0.37
A A
Alloying Elements
Carbon Steel

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Element
Alloy Boron Steel
Element
Heat Analysis Product Analysis

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Carbon
Manganese, min
Phosphorus, max
0.30–0.52
0.60
0.035
0.28–0.55
0.57
0.040
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.13–0.37
Boron ASTM A449-10
0.0005–0.003
A
0.0005–0.003
A
Alloying Elements
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A
Steel, as defined by the American Iron and Steel Institute, shall be considered
to be alloy when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloying
elements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %; silicon,
0.60 %; copper, 0.60 % or in which a definite range or a definite minimum quantity
of any of the following elements is specified or required within the limits of the
recognized field of constructional alloy steels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %,
cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium,
or any other alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.
†
Editorially corrected in June 2010.

8. Dimensions
8.1 Head and Body:
8.1.1 Hex Cap Screws—Unless otherwise specified, hex cap screws shall be furnished with dimensions conforming to ASME
B18.2.1.
8.1.2 Bolts—When styles other than specified in 8.1.1 are required, they shall have dimensions conforming to those specified
by the purchaser.
8.1.3 Studs—Studs shall have dimensions conforming to those specified by the purchaser.
8.2 Threads:
8.2.1 Uncoated—Unless otherwise specified, uncoated threads shall be the Unified Coarse Thread Series as specified in the
latest issue of ASME B1.1, and shall have Class 2A tolerances.
8.2.2 Coated—Unless otherwise specified, zinc-coated bolts, to be used with zinc-coated nuts or tapped holes, which are tapped
oversize in accordance with Specification A563, shall have UNC Class 2A threads before hot-dip or mechanically deposited
zinc-coating. After zinc coating, the pitch diameter and major diameter shall not exceed the Class 2A limits by more than the
following amounts:

4
 A449 – 10
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Type 3 FastenersA
Element Composition, %
Type 3 FastenersA
A B C D E F
Carbon:
Heat analysis 0.33–0.40 0.38–0.48 0.15–0.25 0.15–0.25 0.20–0.25 0.20–0.25
Product analysis 0.31–0.42 0.36–0.50 0.14–0.25 0.14–0.25 0.18–0.27 0.19–0.25
Manganese:
Heat analysis 0.90–1.20 0.70–0.90 0.80–1.35 0.40–1.20 0.60–1.00 0.90–1.20
Product analysis 0.86–1.24 0.67–0.93 0.76–1.39 0.36–1.24 0.56–1.04 0.86–1.24
Phosphrous:
Heat analysis 0.035 max 0.06–0.12 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max
Product analysis 0.040 max 0.06–0.125 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max
Sulfur:
Heat analysis 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max
Product analysis 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 max
Silicon:
Heat analysis 0.15–0.35 0.30–0.50 0.15–0.35 0.25–0.50 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35
Product analysis 0.13–0.37 0.25–0.55 0.13–0.37 0.20–0.55 0.13–0.37 0.13–0.37
Copper:
Heat analysis 0.25–0.45 0.20–0.40 0.20–0.50 0.30–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.20–0.40
Product analysis 0.22–0.48 0.17–0.43 0.17–0.53 0.27–0.53 0.27–0.53 0.17–0.43
Nickel:
Heat analysis 0.25–0.45 0.50–0.80 0.25–0.50 0.50–0.80 0.30–0.60 0.20–0.40
Product analysis 0.22–0.48 0.47–0.83 0.22–0.53 0.47–0.83 0.27–0.63 0.17–0.43
Chromium:
Heat analysis 0.45–0.65 0.50–0.75 0.30–0.50 0.50–1.00 0.60–0.90 0.45–0.65
Product analysis 0.42–0.68 0.47–0.83 0.27–0.53 0.45–1.05 0.55–0.95 0.42–0.68
Vanadium:
B B B B B
Heat analysis 0.020 min
B B B B B

iTeh Standards
Product analysis 0.010 min
Molybdenum:
B B B B
Heat analysis 0.06 max 0.10 max
B B B B
Product analysis 0.07 max 0.11 max
Titanium:
Heat analysis
Product analysis
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B
B
B
B
B
B
0.05 max
0.06 max
B
B
B
B

A
B Document Preview
A,B,C,D, E and F are classes of material used for Type 3 fasteners. Selection of a class shall be at the option of the bolt manufacturer.
These elements are not specified or required.

TABLE 3 Hardness Requirements for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts, and Studs
ASTM A449-10Brinell Rockwell C
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Nominal Diameter, in. Length, in.
Min Max Min Max
⁄ to 1, inclusive
14 Less than 2DA 253 319 25 34
2D and over ... 319 ... 34
Over 1 to 11⁄2 , inclusive Less than 3DA 223 286 19 30
3D and over ... 286 ... 30
Over 11⁄2 to 3, inclusive Less than 3DA 183 235 ... ...
3D and over ... 235 ... ...
A
Hex cap screws and bolts larger than 1.00 in. diameter and shorter than 3D and all studs shorter than 3D are subject only to minimum and maximum hardness.
D = Nominal diameter or thread size

Oversize Limit, in.A

Nominal Diameter, in.
Hot-Dip Zinc Mechanical Zinc
14⁄ 0.016 0.012
5⁄16 , 3⁄8 0.017 0.012
7⁄16 , 1⁄2 0.018 0.012
9⁄16 , 5⁄8 ,3⁄4 0.020 0.013
7 ⁄8 0.022 0.015
1.0 to 11⁄4 0.024 0.016
1 3⁄ 8 , 1 1⁄ 2 0.027 0.018
13⁄4 to 3.0, incl 0.050 0.033
A
Hot-dip zinc nuts are tapped oversize after coating and mechanical zinc coated nuts are tapped oversize before coating.

8.2.3 Unless otherwise specified, fasteners electroplated or mechanically coated to 0.0005 in. or less, threads prior to plating
shall conform to ASME B1.1 Class 2A and after plating shall not exceed the Class 3A maximum limits, that is, Class 2A plus the
allowance.
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
9.1 Surface discontinuity limits, inspection, and evaluation shall be in accordance with Specification F788/F788M.

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 A449 – 10
TABLE 4 Tensile Load Requirements for Coarse-Thread Full-Size Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs

Alternative Proof Load,

Bolt or Stud Proof Load, Length
Threads per in.A Stress Area,B in.2 Tensile Load, min, lbfC Yield Strength Method
Diameter, in. Measurement Method, lbfC
(0.2 % Offset), lbfC
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6
14 ⁄ 20 0.0318 3 800 2 700 2 900
⁄
5 16 18 0.0524 6 300 4 450 4 800
38 ⁄ 16 0.0775 9 300 6 600 7 100

⁄
7 16 14 0.1063 12 750 9 050 9 800
12 ⁄ 13 0.1419 17 050 12 050 13 050
⁄
9 16 12 0.182 21 850 15 450 16 750

⁄
58 11 0.226 27 100 19 200 20 800
⁄
34 10 0.334 40 100 28 400 30 700
7⁄ 8 9 0.462 55 450 39 250 42 500

1 8 0.606 72 700 51 500 55 750

1 1⁄ 8 7 0.763 80 100 56 450 61 800
1 1⁄ 4 7 0.969 101 700 71 700 78 500

1 3⁄ 8 6 1.155 121 300 85 450 93 550

1 1⁄ 2 6 1.405 147 500 104 000 113 800
1 3⁄ 4 5 1.90 171 000 104 500 110 200

2 4 1⁄ 2 2.50 225 000 137 500 145 000

2 1⁄ 4 4 1⁄ 2 3.25 292 500 178 750 188 500
2 1⁄ 2 4 4.00 360 000 220 000 232 000

2 3⁄ 4 4 4.93 443 700 271 150 286 000

iTeh Standards
3 4 5.97 537 300 328 350 346 200
A
For 8 threads per in., sizes 11⁄8 to 11⁄2 in., inclusive, stresses of 105 000 psi, 74 000 psi, and 81 000 psi shall be used for calculating the values in columns 4, 5, and
6 respectively.

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B
The stress area is taken from ASME B1.1 which uses the equation below to calculate the values:
A s= 0.7854[ D − (0.9743/n)]2
where:

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As = stress area,
D = nominal diameter, and
n = threads per in.
C
Values tabulated are based on the following:

Bolt Size, in.

ASTM A449-10 Column 5, psi
Column 4, psi Column 6, psi

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⁄ to 1, incl. 120 000 85 000 92 000
14

11⁄8 to 11⁄2 , incl. 105 000 74 000 81 000

13⁄4 to 3, incl. 90 000 55 000 58 000

10. Number of Tests and Retests

10.1 Testing Responsibility:
10.1.1 Each lot shall be tested by the manufacturer prior to shipment in accordance with the lot identification control quality
assurance plan in 10.2-10.5.
10.1.2 When fasteners are furnished by a source other than the manufacturer, the responsible party as defined in 15.1 shall be
responsible for assuring all tests have been performed and the fasteners comply with the requirements of this specification (see 4.3).
10.2 Purpose of Lot Inspection—The purpose of a lot inspection program is to ensure that each lot conforms to the requirements
of this specification. For such a plan to be fully effective, it is essential that secondary processors, distributors, and purchasers
maintain the identification and integrity of each lot until the product is installed.
10.3 Lot Processing—All fasteners shall be processed in accordance with a lot identification-control quality assurance plan. The
manufacturer, secondary processors, and distributors shall identify and maintain the integrity of each lot from raw material
selection through all operations and treatments to final packing and shipment. Each lot shall be assigned its own lot-identification
number, each lot shall be tested, and the inspection test reports for each lot shall be retained.
10.4 Lot Definition:
10.4.1 Standard Lot—A lot shall be a quantity of uniquely identified fasteners of the same nominal size and length produced
consecutively at the initial operation from a single mill heat of material and processed at one time, by the same processor in the
same manner so that statistical sampling is valid. The identity of the lot and lot integrity shall be maintained throughout all
subsequent operations and packaging.
10.5 Number of Tests— The minimum number of tests from each lot for the tests specified below shall be as follows: