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Chilled Water Seminar

The document discusses the factors affecting pipe friction loss in water systems, including water velocity, pipe diameter, and surface roughness, and emphasizes the importance of sizing piping to maintain pressure loss within city water supply limits. It also covers the types of valves used in piping applications and the need to evaluate pressure losses through valves and fittings. Additionally, it includes practical examples for sizing piping and selecting pumps for chilled water systems.

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Oliver Dela Cruz
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37 views28 pages

Chilled Water Seminar

The document discusses the factors affecting pipe friction loss in water systems, including water velocity, pipe diameter, and surface roughness, and emphasizes the importance of sizing piping to maintain pressure loss within city water supply limits. It also covers the types of valves used in piping applications and the need to evaluate pressure losses through valves and fittings. Additionally, it includes practical examples for sizing piping and selecting pumps for chilled water systems.

Uploaded by

Oliver Dela Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RODEL L.

PANGHULAN, PME
Consulting Mechanical Engineer
PIPE FRICTION LOSS Water Velocity Friction Rate

The pipe friction loss in a system depends on water velocity, pipe The velocities recommended for water piping depend on two The design of a water piping system is limited by the friction loss.
diameter, interior surface roughness and pipe length. Varying any conditions: Systems using city water must have the piping sized so as to
one of these factors influences the total friction loss in the pipe. provide the required flow rate at a pressure loss within the
1. The service for which the pipe is to be used. pressure available at the city main This pressure or friction loss is
Most air conditioning applications use either steel pipe or copper to include all losses in the system. As condenser pressure drop,
tubing in the piping system. The friction loss based on the Darcy - 2. The effects of erosion. pipe and fitting losses, static head, and water meter drop. The
Weisbach formula is presented in Charts 3 thru 5 in this chapter. total system pressure drop must be less than the city main
Table 13 lists recommended velocity ranges for different services. pressure to have design water flow.
Charts 3 and 4 are for Schedule 40 pipe up to 24 in. in diameter . The design of the water piping system is limited by the maximum
Chart 3 shows the friction losses for closed recirculation piping permissible flow velocity. The maximum values listed in Table 13 A recirculating system is sized to provide a reasonable balance
systems. The friction losses in Chart 4 are for open onec - thru and are based on established permissible sound levels of moving water between increased pumping horsepower due to high friction loss
for open recirculation piping systems. and entrained air, and the effects of erosion. and increased piping first cost due to large pipe sizes. In large air
conditioning applications this balance point is often taken as a
Chart 5 shows friction losses for Types K, L and M copper tubing Erosion in water piping systems is the impingement on the inside maximum friction rate of 10 ft of water per 100 ft of equivalent
when used in either open or closed water systems. surface of tube or pipe of rapidly moving water containing air pipe length.
bubbles, sand or other solid matter. In some cases this may mean
These charts show water velocity, pipe or tube diameter, and complete deterioration of the tube or pipe walls, particularly on In the average air conditioning application the installed cost of the
water quantity, in addition to the friction rate per 100 ft of the bottom surface and at the elbows. water piping exceeds the cost of the water pumps and motors. The
equivalent pipe length. Knowing any two of these factors, the cost of increasing the pipe size of small pipe to reduce the friction
other two can be easily determined from the chart The effect of Since erosion is a function of time, water velocity, and suspended rate is normally not too great, whereas the installed cost increase
inside roughness of the pipe or tube is considered in all these materials in the water, the selection of a design water velocity is a rapidly when the size of large pipe.
values. matter of judgment The maximum water velocities presented in
Table 14 are based on many years of experience and they insure
The water quantity is determined from the air conditioning load the attainment of optimum equipment life under normal
and the water velocity by predetermined recommendations. These conditions.
two factors are used to establish pipe size and friction rate.

Charts 3 thru 5 are shaded to indicate velocities above 15


fps and friction rates above 10 ft per 100 ft of length. It is
normally good practice not to exceed these values.
SPECIAL SERVICE VALVES
There are several types of valves commonly used in different
piping applications that do not necessarily fall into the
classification of general purpose valves. Expansion, relief, and
solenoid valves are some of the more common special purpose
valves.
A relief valve is held closed by a spring or some the line or
container pressure in excess of its setting. In general a relief valve
should be installed wherever there is any danger of the fluid
pressure rising above the design working pressure of the pipe
fittings or pressure vessels

VALVE AND FITIING PRESSURE LOSSES


To properly design any type of piping system conveying a fluid, the
losses thru the valves and fittings in system must be realistically
evaluated. Tables have been prepared for determining these losses
in terms of equivalent length of pipe. These values are then used
with the correct friction chart for the particular fluid flowing thru
the system.
Table 10 gives valve losses with screwed, flanged, flared, welded,
soldered, of brazed connections.
Table 11 gives fitting tosses with screwed, flanged, flared, welded,
soldered, of brazed connections.
Table 12 lists the losses for special types of fittings sometimes
encountered in piping applications.
1. Size the piping (Schedule 40 steel) and compute the system
head loss for the (direct-return) chilled water system shown
in Figure 10.1 (and Figure 5.10). The distance between each
FCU is 50 ft, and the distance between the last FCU and the
headers is 30 ft. The distance between the first FCU and the
chiller is 120 ft. The chiller head loss is found using the
specifications of a Model 060 scroll compressor design (Table
5.10). The fan coils units are Model 60-HW-4 (Table 5.12)
with a flow rate of 20 gpm each. Use ball valves for all valves
2 in. and smaller and gate valves for larger valves.
2. Select a chilled water pump and corresponding motor for the
system described in Problem 10.1.
3. Size the piping, compute the required head and select a
pump and motor for the condenser water loop shown in
Figure 10.7. Use the Model 060 chiller from Problem 10.1
with a flow rate of 200 gpm. Use SDR 11 high-density
polyethylene to eliminate corrosion in this open loop. The
distance between the basin and upper tray in the cooling
tower is 12 ft and the distance from the chiller to the
cooling tower is 200 ft.
4. Design the chilled water piping loop for the system shown
below using Schedule 40 steel pipe and gate valves on the
main piping, with two-ball valves and one motorized zone
valve (Cv=18) on the fan-coil loops.
5. Compute the required head loss and select a chilled water
pump for Problem 10.4.
RODEL L. PANGHULAN, PME
Consulting Mechanical Engineer
RODEL L. PANGHULAN, PME
Consulting Mechanical Engineer

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