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The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and various organs like the liver and pancreas. Its primary functions include ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion of waste. Each organ plays a specific role in breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste from the body.

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2 views7 pages

Anaphy 2 1

The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and various organs like the liver and pancreas. Its primary functions include ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion of waste. Each organ plays a specific role in breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste from the body.

Uploaded by

Margie Gagucas
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Digestive System

-​ Gastrointestinal tract, Digestive tract. Alimentary canal, or Organ System within human
animals.

Accessory Organs

●​ Teeth
●​ Tongue
●​ Salivary
●​ Liver
●​ Gallbladder
●​ Pancreas

Major Organs

●​ Mouth
●​ Esophagus
●​ Stomach
●​ Small Intestine
●​ Large Intestine
●​ Rectum

Function of the Digestive System

1. Ingestion
-​ Entry of food into the alimentary tract.
2. Digestion
-​ Breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler form.
3. Absorption
-​ Movement of nutrients from food into the bloodstream.
4. Egestion
-​ Elimination of waste materials.

1. MOUTH
-​ BEGINNING OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT.
-​ DIGESTION STARTS BEFORE YOU EVEN TAKE A BITE.
-​ SALIVARY GLANDS GETS ACTIVE AS YOU SEE & SMELL FOOD.
2. TEETH
-​ TO BREAK DOWN ITEMS OF FOOD BY CUTTING AND CRUSHING THEM IN
PREPARATION FOR SWALLOWING AND DIGESTING.
4 TYPES OF TEETH

1.​ Incisor- Cutting


2.​ Canine- Tearing
3.​ Premolars- Crushing
4.​ Molars- Grinding

TONGUE
-​ Muscular organ in the mouth.
-​ Facilitates movement of food through mastication & swallowing.
-​ Aids in speaking & breathing.
-​ Sweet, salty, sour, bitter.
-​ Healthy color is light to dark pink.
PHARYNX
-​ The portion of the digestive tract that receives food from the mouth.
FOOD PIPE
-​ RECEIVES FOOD FROM THE MOUTH WHEN YOU SWALLOW.
-​ THE EPIGLOTTIS IS A SMALL FLAP THAT FOLDS OVER THE WINDPIPE AS YOU
SWALLOW TO PREVENT CHOKING.

A SERIES OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS WITHIN THE ESOPHAGUS CALLED


PERISTALSIS DELIVERS
FOOD TO THE STOMACH.
STOMACH
-​ A hollow organ or container that holds food while it's mixed with enzymes.
-​ 2 1. hydrochloric acid/day.
-​ 4 parts: cardiac region, fundus, body & pylorus.
LIVER
-​ Heaviest organ in the body 1.36kg-1.59 kg.
-​ All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines pass through the liver.
-​ Produces bile.

•The liver processes this blood and breaks down, balances, and creates the nutrients into
forms that are easier to use for the rest of the body or that are nontoxic.

GALLBLADDER
-​ Stores bile produced by the liver.
-​ After a meal, it is empty & flat, like a deflated balloon. Before a meal, it may be full of bile
and about the size of a small pear.
BILE
-​ Helps the body break down food and digest fat.
-​ When you eat, your gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine.

BILE IS A DIGESTIVE FLUID PRODUCED BY THE LIVER AND STORED THE


GALLBLADDER.

DURING BILE REFLUX, DIGESTIVE FLUID BACKS UP INTO THE STOMACH AND, IN SOME
CASES, THE ESOPHAGUS.

ACID REFLUX
-​ Is caused by weakness or relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
SPHINCTER
-​ A ring-shaped muscle that relaxes or tightens to open or close a passage or opening in
the body.
PANCREAS
-​ important for digesting food and managing your use of sugar for energy after digestion.

During digestion, the pancreas makes juices called enzymes that break down sugars, fats and
starches;

-​ Amylase
-​ Lipase
-​ Protease

The pancreas produces enzymes and hormones that help you digest food.
SMALL INTESTINES

-​ 22 ft. muscular tube


-​ Peristalsis in involved
-​ MOVING FOOD THROUGH AND MIXING IT WITH DIGESTIVE JUICES FROM THE
PANCREAS AND LIVER.
-​ Made up of 3 segments:
-​ Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

THE DUODENUM IS THE FIRST SEGMENT OF THE SMALL INTESTINE. IT'S LARGELY
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CONTINUOUS BREAKING DOWN PROCESS.

THE JEJUNUM AND ILEUM ARE MAINLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ABSORPTION OF
NUTRIENTS INTO THE BLOODSTREAM.

LARGE INTESTINES/ COLON


-​ RESPONSIBLE FOR PROCESSING WASTE SO THAT EMPTYING THE BOWELS IS
EASY AND CONVENTIONAL
-​ LONG MUSCULAR TUBE THAT CONNECTS THE SMALL INTESTINE TO THE
RECTUMIENT.
-​ Large intestine- 5 feet long.

5 Sections of the Large Intestine

1. CECUM
-​ First section of the colon.
-​ Contains ileocecal valve.
-​ sphincter muscle valve that separates the small intestines and the large intestine.
2. ASCENDING COLON
-​ Absorbs the remaining water and other nutrients from the indigestible material,
solidifying it to form stool.
3. TRANSVERSE COLON
-​ Helps absorb water from digested food, making it easier for waste products to move
through the body
4. DESCENDING COLON
-​ Stores feces that will eventually be emptied into the rectum.
5. SIGMOID COLON
-​ Stores fecal waste until it is ready to leave the body.

ANUS
-​ External opening of the rectum.
-​ Its function is to control the expulsion of feces.
-​ Internal and external sphincter control the body during an act of defecation.
SPHINCTER
-​ A ring-shaped muscle that relaxes or tightens to
open or close a passage or opening in the body.

The stool is pushed through the intestine towards the rectum by PERISTALSIS (series of
muscle contractions)

When stool fills your rectum, nerve endings register that


your bowel wall becomes distended (swollen due to
pressure from inside).

SIGNAL IS SENT TO YOUR BRAIN TELLING YOU THAT IT'S TIME TO FIND A TOILET

YOUR INTERNAL SPHINCTER RELAXES AND STOOL MOVES DOWN TOWARDS THE
ANUS.

When you are ready, you allow the external sphincter to relax & stool is expelled.
— END —

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